Aircraft Systems - 03 - Engine

Поделиться
HTML-код
  • Опубликовано: 11 май 2024
  • This video delves into the Lycoming IO-360-L2A as found on the Cessna 172S. You will learn the major components that make up this system, and how each relates to the operation of the airplane.
    www.erau.edu

Комментарии • 783

  • @saxachewon8062
    @saxachewon8062 3 года назад +476

    The narrator is fantastic. I can’t believe this resource is free!

    • @x-techgaming
      @x-techgaming 2 года назад +4

      3:50 Camshaft loaves. Mmm, delicious.

    • @saxachewon8062
      @saxachewon8062 2 года назад +1

      @@x-techgaming YUM

    • @BengalMailbyDeep
      @BengalMailbyDeep 2 года назад +2

      That's y I downloaded it incase if it's ever removed😂

    • @universeunknown1880
      @universeunknown1880 2 года назад +5

      This was made by one of the biggest schools in the industry and serves as a great advertisement. It won’t be removed. ☺️

    • @DaveSCameron
      @DaveSCameron 2 года назад

      It was always free, only idiots and greedy folks change it!

  • @Tsoto247
    @Tsoto247 4 года назад +626

    This animation was literally the best thing i’ve ever seen I feel like i’m an expert now!

    • @pistonkingenterprises1972
      @pistonkingenterprises1972 4 года назад +10

      I know I love animations on things like this, it makes more sense!

    • @robertjones1543
      @robertjones1543 4 года назад +7

      Me too.i actually feel like i know a little bit about engines.

    • @ArielRPacheco
      @ArielRPacheco 3 года назад +1

      @Gengonglike Arbukle Exactly, that's why I[m always looking for animations on things like these, It just makes so much more sense.

    • @moimeme7839
      @moimeme7839 3 года назад

      You can buy one engine for a small ultralight dual passenger plane for around 2500$

    • @pisutwongpattanakun5774
      @pisutwongpattanakun5774 3 года назад

      ตจบ

  • @svenf1
    @svenf1 4 года назад +234

    This is hands down the best explanatory video about aircraft engines on the web. The great animations with partial see-through areas help demystify all that is going on when an engine starts and runs. Bravo!

    • @kccarzofficial
      @kccarzofficial Год назад

      @Sal Spencer what the other videos in the series he talks about oil lubrication

    • @pigdroppings
      @pigdroppings Месяц назад

      Piston aircraft engines are ancient....designed about 70 years ago.

  • @johnmacward
    @johnmacward 3 года назад +21

    Like so many others have said, there is no BETTER aviation video series available. Super easy to understand and incredibly detailed and well animated.

  • @erdenizreklam2188
    @erdenizreklam2188 4 года назад +58

    This series are the epitome of "how to convey information" - 20/20

  • @ItsKibet
    @ItsKibet 6 лет назад +260

    This is a must watch for student pilots.Awesome!

  • @ah-fc7ir
    @ah-fc7ir 3 года назад +214

    1:30 - 4 Stroke Cycle - Reciprocating Engines
    3:18 - Camshaft.
    4:20 - induction system
    5:45 - Carburetor System/Fuel Injection
    7:52 - ignition system
    11:10 - Engine Cooling
    12:17 - Exhaust System

    • @LeRiderOP
      @LeRiderOP 3 года назад +13

      Thanks, but the video was so Damm interesting that I dint even forward once..

    • @hyronharrison8127
      @hyronharrison8127 Год назад +1

      @@LeRiderOP Le facts!

  • @nathane.1600
    @nathane.1600 2 года назад +1

    Oh my gosh, Great video! I showed this to my 3 year old, and now he is a licensed mechanic!

  • @matthewchapman3507
    @matthewchapman3507 4 года назад +14

    All of you guys videos are must watches for student pilots, or anybody who plans on having an aviation career. I was struggling a little bit in groundschool reading about some stuff (because I’m a visual learner) and I came across your videos. They made a WORLD of a difference!!

  • @airplanegeek893
    @airplanegeek893 3 года назад +5

    I’m an A&P for an airline and licensed Commercial Pilot... this is a great video that explains well how the engine works. Thanks for those who took the time to create the video.

  • @MrSparkyguy1
    @MrSparkyguy1 5 лет назад +8

    I cannot describe how perfect this video is : clear systematic explanation with high quality animation and audio.
    Thank you very much !

  • @GZA036
    @GZA036 5 лет назад +46

    The constant speed propeller deserves its own video with the same 3d deconstruction and level of detail as the other components. It would be amazing if they made one.....

  • @flyingmeatball8905
    @flyingmeatball8905 5 лет назад +12

    For student who is working on your RPL or PPL exam , I highly recommend you to watch this before you even start reading any of the text books . An excellent video that explains the engine system within 15 mins in a simple way ! Awesome

  • @archerpiperii2690
    @archerpiperii2690 4 года назад +9

    A big thank you to the person(s) responsible for this video. The information is presented very well, it is videos like these that are the best of RUclips.
    Thank you!

  • @EagleClawPK
    @EagleClawPK 6 лет назад +394

    Best explanation ever seen... Thanks alot

    • @julianneale6128
      @julianneale6128 5 лет назад +3

      It's the worst explanation of how an engine works I've ever seen. Its massively flawed and very wrong in a number of places. Whoever made this video is clearly not a pilot and most definitely not an engineer!

    • @pedrovazquez6584
      @pedrovazquez6584 5 лет назад +5

      Julian Neale what are you talking about?

    • @ahmedrashed78
      @ahmedrashed78 5 лет назад +4

      @@julianneale6128 show us your explanation then!!

    • @pa4tim
      @pa4tim 4 года назад +3

      @NonyaBusiness! It is not really wrong but I think some things are showed in a way it could be interpreted wrong and some things are told as if it was like this for every type of engine. Like the 4 strokes shown in sequence in 4 separate cilinders as if one cilinder only does 1 of the 4 strokes. It is demonstrated very nice but it would be more clear if they showed it in 1 cilinder and show an animation of all 4 working . What is wrong is what they say about the order/position of pistons relative to each other. Not every engine has the same sequence as they told. There are numerous sequences and engine types. Not only 4 cilinder boxers.
      But I wish I could see videos like this when I was a little kid.

    • @pa4tim
      @pa4tim 4 года назад +2

      @NonyaBusiness! Yes, they are called two-stroke but that is not what I ment. :-)
      Every cilinder indeed has the same sequence of 4 strokes that they repeat that same sequence over and over. All do that at the same speed because they all are on the same cranckshaft. But the order in witch the cilinders are at the same stroke like the ignition stroke is complete free to the designer. If you want you can make it so all cilinders ignite at the same time. It would not be smart but it will work. Often pistons do not even reach the TDC at the same time. Or do reach the TDC at the same time but not in the same type of stroke.
      As I said it is not wrong and most will understaned but others could get the wrong impression of the order of strokes between cilinders .
      For me that is clear but I worked +30 years on engines (rebuilding/restoring motorbikes and cars, from 1 cilinders upto V8's, from 30's engines to modern stuff)
      I was looking for some info about WW2 and older airplane engines. They are manual controlled and I hoped to see some examples of how the controls are implemented. (like how a governor looks/works, how they implement superchargers and their gearchanging. How the automatic control in f.i. a FW190 works etc.
      Because the graphics were well done here I kept watching it.

  • @sumirunihon
    @sumirunihon 4 года назад +3

    This video was simple enough that I wasnt overwhelmed with knowledge and lingo that i cant comprehend but also complex enough that it wasnt insulting the viewer's intelligence. I absolutely loved the way you explained this and it was very fun to watch. I'm not even into aviation or anything but you definitely got me interested. This is exactly the kind of video I wanted. Thank you.

  • @ChrisZoomER
    @ChrisZoomER 4 года назад +5

    I don’t understand how anyone could dislike this video! This is by far the best explanation of how a piston prop works that I’ve ever seen! I rate this video a solid 10/10. I wish they made a video explaining how various turbine engines work including bypass jet engines and turboprop engines...

  • @tristanallain1483
    @tristanallain1483 2 года назад +2

    Geez even after 4 years of being on the internet, it's still a great resource! Thank you so much for making this, it is really gonna help for my Advanced aviation Air Cadets course tests!! ❤️ :)

  • @ekeomajake
    @ekeomajake 5 лет назад +13

    This video is so good! Every classroom needs this.

  • @kentonprescott1812
    @kentonprescott1812 6 лет назад +41

    This is such an effective education video! The design, directing, and CAD rendering is phenomenal!

    • @time.5316
      @time.5316 5 лет назад +1

      It's published by Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. To be expected from such an institution. ;-)

  • @humbertogh9851
    @humbertogh9851 3 года назад +5

    Nothing can be better than this explanation. Great job!

  • @percyent7047
    @percyent7047 2 месяца назад

    Sa lahat ng mga Avionics or AMt na mag eexam, this video is really helpful. Kasama kasi to sa practical.
    Sobrang ganda ng explanation in which di ko naitindihan dati.

  • @VictoryAviation
    @VictoryAviation 3 года назад +1

    Absolutely outstanding instructional video. Thank you so much for making this available to the general public. It’s helping thousands of future aviators!!!!

  • @abbieamavi
    @abbieamavi 3 года назад +8

    *this. video. I feel like this channel really deserves some award, helping me pass my lessons and checkrides, slowly but surely!* thank you! :D

  • @bircun-technicians7625
    @bircun-technicians7625 2 года назад +1

    This guy summarized reciprocated engine very well under 15 minutes. Well done 👍🏽

  • @zacharyknapp1793
    @zacharyknapp1793 Год назад +1

    Why couldn't I have found this a year ago when I was getting my PPL?! Best explanation of an airplane engine I have ever gotten, by far.

  • @un65tube
    @un65tube 4 года назад +1

    Beautiful animations! Seen a hundred times, but never in such detailed and realistic level. Thanks a lot for the work! Greetings from Germany :-)

  • @itayvaizman-4976
    @itayvaizman-4976 4 года назад +10

    Whew. That was the best explanation video I have ever seen.

  • @AboodH1995
    @AboodH1995 4 года назад +3

    This is by far one of the best power plant explanations. I recommend every private pilot to study this

  • @lumieredarling7041
    @lumieredarling7041 3 года назад +2

    Nice explanation buddy. We studied that for a year as an aircraft mechanic and then you explained it in just a few minutes. Earned my subscription.

  • @calebturner8228
    @calebturner8228 4 года назад +17

    Animation just had me so interested. Thanks so much!

  • @jitendraavs8696
    @jitendraavs8696 2 года назад +4

    Wow I'm so glad I got to watch this.....I always kinda confused when my lecturers explain this in a lab but the illustrations r on the top level here that anyone could understand....respect 👏..wish I had a teacher like u guys

  • @chanjg28
    @chanjg28 6 месяцев назад

    Cannot be more thankful for this video. Clear & Concised, easy to understand. Much appreciated

  • @nicolesmith8976
    @nicolesmith8976 2 года назад +1

    Great video ..wish we had these videos back in the 90’s as cfi’s to show it our students !!
    The mental picture about how everything functions is phenomenal

  • @Armafly
    @Armafly 4 года назад +1

    Explanations and animations are crystal clear. The best so far. Thanks.

  • @iulian_98
    @iulian_98 Год назад +3

    Thank you from the bottom of my heart for this wonderful video. I don't own a plane and I've never flown, never even been near one. I only have a car and I know how it works. I had previously seen some videos recommended by youtube of a man repairing old planes, and that's how I saw what a broken plane looks like with the hood up. The information and video representations in this video made me understand better and make the connections.
    Most likely this information will never help me in life because I am not a pilot and I will not be, but I like to learn new things, to satisfy my curiosity.

  • @southcoast9617
    @southcoast9617 4 года назад +1

    I completed my ATPL theory exams well over 2 years ago and didn't come across this video. Only just watched it today and let me tell you; if I saw this video during ground school I would have got much better results in my engines exam. Instructors teaching off Microsoft powerpoint is okay, however this video is just amazing! No complex dialogue which nobody understands; just plain, simple English teaching the basics of an engine. Thank you so so much for this! Best video I have seen on Pistons!

  • @StrangePath
    @StrangePath 5 лет назад

    Wow! This is amazing lesson. I don’t want this video deleted. I need to download this. Thank you.

  • @eneebarry6764
    @eneebarry6764 7 месяцев назад

    I am thrilled at the beautiful job done on this lecture. It's clear and simple explanation method leaves no stone unturned which has enlightened me immensely. Bravo!

  • @clydatsolutions7813
    @clydatsolutions7813 5 лет назад

    By far the best video I have ever watched on air craft on RUclips. Thank you

  • @starfiire
    @starfiire 7 лет назад +95

    This is incredibly well-made and so helpful. Thank you!

    • @julianneale6128
      @julianneale6128 5 лет назад +2

      It's incredibly badly made and massively wrong in almost every respect. It was not made by an engineer that's for sure. Please don't think you know anything about engines after watching this awful video!

    • @julianneale6128
      @julianneale6128 4 года назад +2

      @NonyaBusiness! that would require me to watch it again, making a lengthy list if all the very many faults, then writing them in this column. I'm not overly sure I'm willing to waist my time in doing that.

    • @hexagonist23
      @hexagonist23 4 года назад

      @@julianneale6128 You know this video was made by a legit university

    • @julianneale6128
      @julianneale6128 4 года назад +1

      @@hexagonist23 haha well make sure that if you want to learn anything about aero-engineering, don't go to that university!

    • @abbysnowmist
      @abbysnowmist 3 года назад +1

      Julian Neale Then watch it again and tell me. Give me timestamps.

  • @franciscojavierrodriguezba891
    @franciscojavierrodriguezba891 3 года назад +1

    Im a aeronautical engineer student and this video helped me a lot to understand the basis of piston engines in aircraft, thanks for sharing this

  • @yurgetrujillo3657
    @yurgetrujillo3657 5 лет назад +1

    Felicitaciones, excelente trabajo digital y muy clara descripción del motor,la mejor que he visto.

  • @LA-ep2nr
    @LA-ep2nr 4 года назад

    This is the best explanation of a recip engine I’ve ever seen. Great 👍 job.

  • @nickmcnellis3937
    @nickmcnellis3937 2 года назад +1

    Absolutely the best learning videos anywhere! Completely professional.

  • @270189H30230
    @270189H30230 7 лет назад +192

    How is it possible that this has so little views? AMAZING!!!

    • @kouadriomar6107
      @kouadriomar6107 6 лет назад +7

      270189H30230 I really agree with you , I never saw explanation like that before , the best of the best baby ❤️

    • @ledzoerr4237
      @ledzoerr4237 6 лет назад +2

      I agree with you too. Ill better share this video to my friends.

    • @ThatWasLoud
      @ThatWasLoud 6 лет назад +2

      bc it has an unsearchable 03 Engine title

    • @messidios1548
      @messidios1548 6 лет назад +3

      270189H30230 yeah, I’m just starting my PPL and this really helps a lot

    • @abdaleali609
      @abdaleali609 6 лет назад

      270189H30230 is it necessary exhaust to be provide to the cabin, any one can help me there I confused 12:30

  • @andreannnndre
    @andreannnndre 3 года назад +1

    that was basically an amazing summary of everything i read on my aircraft general knowledge book for private pilot. well done, sir 🤩

  • @abdaleali609
    @abdaleali609 6 лет назад +5

    The only channel motivates me to be pilot thanks a lot.

  • @elisegramfort5779
    @elisegramfort5779 3 года назад +1

    Wow, thank you so much for this amazing explanation. It actually helps a lot understanding the whole mechanism of a piston engin system and therefore, offer a better comprehension for my ATPL theory. Your explanations and animations are very clear and mind-blowing, truly. Thanks for the good work!! It is the best explanation I ever seen.

  • @Notorious1210
    @Notorious1210 4 года назад +5

    Better than one of my classes... in literally 15min. Explained a whole semester.

    • @snappcloud6157
      @snappcloud6157 4 года назад

      That crazy! I am about to start flight training soon and when seeing these video's I can't wait to study it.

  • @osbornebay944
    @osbornebay944 3 года назад

    The best engine function illustrations, easy to understand, thank you. I am working on 2 stroke fuel injection improvement that consume about the same amount of fuel like 4 strokes.

  • @nightwalker1438
    @nightwalker1438 4 года назад +3

    Excellent video with detailed explanations. Thank you for posting

  • @gauv9304
    @gauv9304 Год назад

    This is the best explanation video i have seen so far in my life.

  • @candeevilas7288
    @candeevilas7288 Год назад +1

    this is by far the best video i’ve ever seen about engine functioning, its helping so much :D thank u

  • @CassandraRi
    @CassandraRi 4 года назад +3

    We're currently learning about this in flight school and this is really helpful. Thanks!

  • @Kenny-Ross
    @Kenny-Ross 2 года назад +1

    I love videos like this. Very visual and detailed. I'm studying for my Part 107 license and it has really piqued my interest in other areas of aviation.

  • @howthingswork5667
    @howthingswork5667 2 года назад

    This internal combustion engine animation is the best I have watched, I seen many lesics animation but only this explains how camshafts works

  • @nickprass955
    @nickprass955 3 года назад +1

    All of your videos are incredible - thank you!

  • @ay9_antar
    @ay9_antar 3 года назад +3

    Thank you so much. This has to be one of the best explanations ever.

  • @flanbro3530
    @flanbro3530 Год назад

    This is probably the best explanation not just for aircraft but also for general use combustion engines.

  • @pankajsingh-od2vb
    @pankajsingh-od2vb 5 лет назад +13

    Yeah this is very impressive session this help me alot to understand whole of the things in Aircraft fuel system

  • @abbieamavi
    @abbieamavi Год назад

    UPDATE: here after my PPL, IFR, and CPL to review for my CFI checkride in 2 weeks. Still the best video around!

  • @yousuffarhat5041
    @yousuffarhat5041 5 лет назад +1

    The information provided in this video is simply phenomenal

  • @CompellingThoughts
    @CompellingThoughts 4 года назад

    Best ever animation on the engine workings.

  • @monaxya
    @monaxya 4 года назад

    THIS VIDEO CHANGED MY LIFE FOREVER!!!!!

  • @aldrinmichael2812
    @aldrinmichael2812 3 года назад +1

    Just because of the very well designed graphics and animation explanation made easy and narration was at its best🤩..... Covered the whole topic of engine in 14 mins that's like insane 🔥

  • @henrijacques8186
    @henrijacques8186 3 года назад +3

    This is defently the best video i've seen, such an amazing explanation thank you sooooo much❤

  • @OsamaFallatah
    @OsamaFallatah 7 лет назад +13

    Thank you very much, you made my checkride a piece of cake

  • @bettinaboros6799
    @bettinaboros6799 2 года назад +1

    Best video I’ve watched about the engine function! Thank you so much!

  • @Alinehein94
    @Alinehein94 6 лет назад +2

    I started an aircraft maintenance mechanics course a few weeks ago and found this video researching youtube for interesting content. I'm really happy to have found it! Great video with great imagens and great explanations! Thanks for the upload!

    • @Android811
      @Android811 6 лет назад

      We didn't have any hot chicks in my class :(

  • @nuggetschicken8961
    @nuggetschicken8961 4 года назад +2

    I will definitely be using this channel as a study guide

  • @RK-de5wg
    @RK-de5wg 3 года назад

    Way better than Jeppesen! Finally, an explanation without all of the fluff.

  • @dumbmuffin9295
    @dumbmuffin9295 Год назад +1

    this was a well put video & a great refresher for me as I am currently studying for my powerplant written exam I will definitely keep reviewing it because it give a fantastic visual explanation !

  • @ABCPilot23
    @ABCPilot23 3 года назад +1

    This was super insightful, much better than textbook drawings- I loved the animation!

  • @00492663968482
    @00492663968482 3 года назад +1

    Finally now I understand how it works!!Thank you so much for this amazing video

  • @officeabovetheclouds994
    @officeabovetheclouds994 4 года назад +3

    The explanations are amazing ...so clear and straightforward . Thank you so much keep up the good job!

  • @fh3204
    @fh3204 11 месяцев назад

    Amazing video. I was struggling a lot at my class today. watching this video helped me to understand everything perfectly about the engine. Thank you so much

  • @MIZUch.
    @MIZUch. 3 года назад +13

    0:41 "Because without it, there would be no way to get the plane off the ground"
    Gliders: *"hold my ballast"*

    • @strikereureka5081
      @strikereureka5081 3 года назад

      Some sort of an engine, be it on a towing aircraft or a winch is required to get gliders of the ground.

    • @MIZUch.
      @MIZUch. 3 года назад

      @@strikereureka5081 You can launch a glider off a hill/mountain

    • @strikereureka5081
      @strikereureka5081 3 года назад

      @@MIZUch. Fair point, although in most instances some sort of external propulsion is used.

    • @RazvanMaioru
      @RazvanMaioru 3 года назад

      @@MIZUch. technically, that's getting the ground off the plane rather than getting the plane off the ground, still. So it really all depends on the point of view.

  • @lorenzodunn3226
    @lorenzodunn3226 4 года назад +1

    Excellent film footage and sound. Presentation was well prepared.

  • @vasilisz4916
    @vasilisz4916 2 года назад

    Your are the final MVP against EASA …thank you

  • @ratfor19
    @ratfor19 6 лет назад +1

    Just an outstanding video as all the ones in your channel! My congratulations guys!! Amazing work!

  • @RR-kl6sl
    @RR-kl6sl 3 года назад +2

    THANK YOU for this video, you should make a whole PPL theory serie like this, I'd be GLAD to pay for a course like that

  • @nilspin
    @nilspin 6 лет назад +12

    These videos are way too beautiful to be put out for free

    • @yellowhammer4747
      @yellowhammer4747 6 лет назад +3

      Please do not try to get someone to profit off of education.

  • @yurgetrujillo3657
    @yurgetrujillo3657 5 лет назад

    the best explanatory video ever seen, congratulations!!

  • @FSCJ-ft7nk
    @FSCJ-ft7nk 7 лет назад +70

    I used these videos to review for my O & P Powerplant earlier this month. I passed.

    • @ERAUSpecialVFR
      @ERAUSpecialVFR  7 лет назад +15

      Glad that we could help! Congrats on passing!

    • @aerodaktyl_
      @aerodaktyl_ 5 лет назад +4

      Im taking my O and P Powerplant next month and this video is extremely helpful for indentifying components. Also congrats on the pass!

    • @flying2lowAK
      @flying2lowAK 5 лет назад

      what is O?

    • @aerodaktyl_
      @aerodaktyl_ 5 лет назад +1

      Oral

    • @julianneale6128
      @julianneale6128 5 лет назад +1

      If you said anything of what's in this video you should have failed, as this video is very bad indeed!

  • @marvinblankinchip2535
    @marvinblankinchip2535 7 лет назад +9

    A very good industrial strength video. Very good stuff.

  • @Heyymynameisjbells
    @Heyymynameisjbells 2 года назад +1

    Excellent educational resource!

  • @roddeneve5381
    @roddeneve5381 6 лет назад +2

    Excellent learning video for basic training for pilots and maintenance technicians.

  • @babo0n34
    @babo0n34 4 года назад

    Great explanation! Thanks so much for your video! Sounds more clear with it!

  • @Andreeew70
    @Andreeew70 4 года назад +2

    This video helped me so much right now. I just started my first semester for power plant and not really knowing much, this explanation was really great and easy to understand

  • @willywu9368
    @willywu9368 3 года назад

    as a cfi candidate i Love this video, this will be my reference to show to my student in the future!

  • @crenishwarthirunavukkarasu1775
    @crenishwarthirunavukkarasu1775 3 года назад +2

    Best Animation how a engine works ever seen.

  • @HealthHustlers-x
    @HealthHustlers-x 11 месяцев назад

    I love you so much. I was struggling with this section in the PHAK. But now it all makes sense.

  • @solomonyosef6768
    @solomonyosef6768 Год назад

    I love your lecture, and I don't know how many times I watched it! Wow 👌👍🙏

  • @mateuszmista738
    @mateuszmista738 6 месяцев назад

    The best chanel if you want to go through the basics of aviation! Best regards!

  • @diegofigueroa3662
    @diegofigueroa3662 Год назад

    Excellent video, easy to understand. This gives me a good background of the subject, thanks!!!

  • @henriettegoldwater5447
    @henriettegoldwater5447 2 года назад +1

    This video is amazing, explanation is clear and easy to understand. thank you so much

  • @paulgirisa9780
    @paulgirisa9780 4 года назад +3

    For those of us who worked on piston engines, brief and nice!

  • @killianjohn4794
    @killianjohn4794 4 года назад +3

    After seeing this video, i feel like i can maintain my Cessna's engine all by my self...just to show you how detailed is this video..like maaan!!

    • @rinkoo5958
      @rinkoo5958 4 года назад

      Ohh so u r a pilot now... Right! 😀😀😀😀

    • @killianjohn4794
      @killianjohn4794 4 года назад +1

      Am not a pilot, but am saving money for CPL..

  • @megamobileman2540
    @megamobileman2540 3 года назад

    Most, excellently produced and extremely informative. Muchos Gracias