It would really help supply for rare venoms. If only a few people are bitten by something a year, then there's unlikely to be any antivenin on hand locally.
Honestly, even "common" antivenin isn't always available everywhere. A few years ago, when I lived in rural Texas, my mom's dog got bit on the face by a rattlesnake. I rushed her to the nearest vet and they said to get antivenin, we'd have to drive like an hour or so to Austin. Not to mention it'd be around $1,000 per dose, and she'd probably need two or three doses, on top of hospitalization and other medicines and care. 😰 It was not a good time. Making all antivenin more readily available could save lives AND bring medical and veterinary costs down. Abby is fine, by the way! She's still got a scar on her nose, but she completely recovered. ❤
Depends on your health system & priorities. Australia has only 2-3 deaths a year from all snake bites combined, with snakes like the inland taipan not even known to exist until relatively recently, due to how rare they are, but as soon as discovered, as many as possible were caught & sent to the Australian Reptile Park to join the milking program to create anti-venom for them & flying doctors obviously hold extensive supplies of all anti-venoms to take wherever they are needed in bush & outback areas, while all city hospitals stock them all. It's just a case of priorities
@@DDRWakaLaka I'm guessing it's a "single source" not "single horse". If it is a single source, it will be the CSL in Australia, they produce the vast majority of all global anti-venoms. Snakes, spiders & everything else are milked at the Australian reptile park in Sydney, using mostly animals found by the public & sent to them for that purpose, venom is then sent to the CSL in Melbourne, where it's injected into horses & other animals & then blood taken & transferred to their anti-venom making labs. Extra trivia, this was the same place that tested almost all of the first round of covid vaccines, since it was the only facility in the world big enough to house the required number of animals, with the highest level lab security. Once covid was established as not super dooper infectious/deadly, it was able to be downgraded in terms of testing facility security levels & therefore lots of other global options became available for testing, but at the highest level, the place with all the horses for anti-venom programs & extensive bio-security for agriculture facilities was the only place big enough to handle the animal vaccine testing for humans too
I think there's an Australian venomous snake that likes to hang out in human areas. So even indoors isn't necessarily the safest place. Not to mention all the venomous invertebrates like spiders.
@@patrickmccurry1563 "I think there's an Australian venomous snake that likes to hang out in human areas" You think we only have one that does, aww that's adorable!
@@patrickmccurry1563 My Aussie friend when he was a teen his parents were like "go move the corrugated roofing in the yard" and he lifted it saw a brown snake went "nope" and went back inside
Heard they were also studying opossums because they have venom/poison neutralizing proteins in their systems that work with many types of venoms and poisons including ricin. So I’ve heard. Haven’t heard much lately so wonder if it was abandoned.
I would like to think that 100 years from now scientists will look back at this century and say "Wow they were persistent, imagine not being able to just whip up a batch of whatever with the necessary proteins." (Sure maybe that's a fantasy but that's okay)
It's more realistic to say even within 50 years scientists will look back and say "Wow, they were primitive, (insert A and B) made absolutely no sense, but they were different times." It's how we look back from 50 years ago even though we've been persistent since then, we wouldn't have lived with our former generation's persistence yet we rather see them as primitive than persistent, lol.
Most inventions started out as fantasy, when Star Trek hit the worlds TV’s it had so many fancy gadgets which that looked crazy and cool at the same time, 60 years later are many of those fancy gadgets are now a reality. It’s like the motor car and how everyone is going nuts over EV, the first cars built were EV not petrol 😹😹😹so in that case it’s come full circle 100plus years later.
As a snake bite survivor of Montivipera xanthina venom, I was pretty stressed during the antivenin administration as I knew the allergic reaction risk. Would be good to get better solutions in the near future.
To make it official, it's SEGUE. A very interesting word with an interesting spelling to boot! Yes, that was a slick segue into the coffee sponsor, but I'm a tea drinker myself.... so no matter how you promote it, coffee is still just burnt bean soup to me....😉
It seems like monoclonal antibodies are extremely useful... I first heard of them for treating COVID, but they've also been used for cancer and autoimmune disorders. A year or two ago, a monoclonal antibody injection for cats became popular to treat osteoarthritis. I asked my vet when it'll be available for humans... hopefully soon! I'm glad people are doing this research.
That had to be the smoothest transition/segue to a sponsor I've ever seen on this channel. I didn't get my usual "time to leave now" feeling at all before I saw the product.
One of my favorite RUclips videos is the Eons video about the Snake Detection Hypothesis and how venom-spitting snakes emerge with the migration of humans into new regions.
I got a vaccine when I was a kid that had been incubated in horses (something not done anymore except in case of an egg allergy) and it made me break out in a rash all over my body due to my allergies. They process it thoroughly, but there's still some residual horse proteins in the result.
I am *not* going to try it, I'm just curious….If a person was exposed to a given snake venom, and survived, repeatedly, would that person eventually develop antibodies to that particular venom, and become less susceptible to it?
I saw a documentary once, somewhere, about a family in India that worked with snakes and did precisely that. They gradually dosed themselves with snake poison so they could become immune to it, it supposedly works but I still wouldn't risk it. It's called "Mithridatism".
Yes. Usually, you start developing antibodies during/after the very first exposure, assuming you survived it. That's good ole mithridatism. It just usually takes repeat exposures to have enough antibodies floating around for your blood serum to be useful as antivenom.
Yes. The doses of venom have to be very small, & done repeatedly over many months. One person who did this is named Tim Friede, & he's taken bites from venomous snakes over 750 times over the years. He works at a company that makes antivenom.
depends on the snakes/ This was an old trick used by snake charmers to avoid death, but on the other hand, in Australia, it's common for snake handlers to have to give up their profession because repeated exposures causes the opposite impact, with sensitisation to the venom & severe, deadly anaphylaxis occuring with repeated bites, even to snakes with low toxicity venom
Here's an idea for a show: the California Mountain Kingsnake (absolutely harmless) and the Coral Snake (insanely deadly) look almost....almost...identical. I thought this must be an example of biomimickry, where the Kingsnake benefits from the fear of the Coral Snake & is therefore left alone. But the habitats of the two snakes don't overlap, so how could this be?
@@Ktmfan450 Ah, so as long as they're both in the same range as another predator(s) over sufficient time to evolve the visual match, then biomimickry would still be the valid explanation. Thanks!
I had been giving blood since I was 17 until mad cow came along, and after 15 gallons, my blood was flagged due to risk. During my stint of giving blood, I participated in a medical test program in which human blood parts and equine blood parts were used to build blood and antibody parts to be used in both human and veterinary science.
Sheep and Camels are also used. With Camels, the size of the anti-venom has been found to smaller than others, allowing it to pass through the body more effectively!
There was a rattlesnake in my yard the other day. My dogs went crazy and it kept rattling. I picked the big dog up and put her in the house. The little dogs came in quick though
I don't live in a country that has many danger noodles, just normal sneks that bite if you get too close and annoying. Good to know for when I travel though
1:07 ????????? uh, what?? 100k? A year? I was about to ask for sources, but then checked the description and because SciShow people are awesome, there is actually a source! But then... it's actually true, which is actually worse!
"The trick here is that you can't really go around inoculating humans with snake venom and isolating the antibodies produced." Well... There are a few researchers doing this with one guy in particular.
@@0151Master They could study the venom and record the necessary rations *once* and then you just mix it every time you need it. It's not like snakes are suddenly going to randomise their venom.
@@mcgovemj Yes and no, they complain how you need to keep injecting horses with specific venoms. While I say, make a ton of lower-lever "bricks" of the anti venom and keep them in a hospital and mix them on the spot, that would allow for more dynamic supply that can be used for anything and isn't strictly for a specific snake untill you look at a recipe list, find your snake, and mix it. Trying to create a single "super brick" is too much effort and feels like something unnecessarily fancy.
If non-livestock based anti-venom can be mass-produced easily, cheaply, and efficiently, I'm kind of curious on how this will affect the livestock population. I don't know how many Critters are kept alive solely to produce anti-venom, but the number can't be insignificant.
I love these contents, but I loved the way you guys used to do a scishow quiz show. I have been waiting for the revamped quiz show forever and so i please beg scishow, bring back scishow quiz show.
Can we expect similar research into allergens and allergic reactions anytime soon? I maybe misunderstanding this a lot but it feels like something kinda adjacent
Yeah this sounds a very good way forward; one of the unfortunate effects of the traditional method for producing anti-venom is the significantly shortened lifespan of the horses as a result. I mean, we owe an incredible debt of gratitude to these beautiful animals.
Not at all. In South Africa we have an anti-venom for 2 potentially deadly scorpions. Rarely used. We also produce an anti-venom for the Black Button Spider. Similar to the Black Widow. For snakes, a 10 snake polyvalent anti-venom, a mono-valent anti-venom for the Boomslang and a mono-valent anti-venom for the Saw Scaled Vipers found in West Africa. There is also an anti-venom PANAF (Pan African), covering 14 different snakes.
I saw a tv episode where a guy injected small amounts of venom over time in hopes of making a antivenom. I recall the episode saying it was very cost prohibitive. I imagine a horse has a lot more mass to make antivenom than a human and phage based antivenom can be incrementally scaled
In South Africa we have a polyvalent anti-venom covering 10 snakes and a mono-valent anti-venom covering 1 snake. Going to be very difficult to inject all those venoms to be effective!
Buen video, luego sacaran la sangre de oro de cada especie biológica mamíferos, para poder usar mejor la zootecnia animales de varios usos, hasta producir sangre de oro humana 2.0 artificial biológico con la ingeniería genética sugerencia.
You realize that horses are extremely expensive to breed and keep, right? Once upon a time the cost was well worth the advantages of owning a horse for travel and farm work, but in the modern times they hold no such value. If people aren’t paying to keep horses for a purpose then they aren’t paying to keep horses at all, and the population will go into steep decline. Every bit of value horses and other animals can give to humanity, the more excuses people who love animals can make to spend large sums of money on their care. Trying to eliminating horse jobs, from creating anti-venoms to abolishing horse carriage tours in cities, is you advocating that horses get their populations reduced. I also highly doubt horses used for anti-venom production are being abused, if for no other reason than that unhealthy horses probably produce fewer proteins and die easier. Given how long it takes to raise a foal to adulthood that would be a massive waste of time and resources. Anti-venom producing horses probably live incredibly comfortable lives that are paid for and sustained by their occasional blood draws.
@@FireFog44 Thanks for your thoughts! I totally agree that we should do our best to maintain stable animal populations in a world over-full with humans, and hope that medical animals are being treated kindly. I just wish that we would adjust our culture of only keeping animals that are "of use" to us. That it's fine for horse populations to plunge if they can't keep their "job." That's the real point that I'm making here. How does that sound? I'm open to a change of perspective. Thanks again!💙
@@FireFog44 yeh, not good for productivity for them to be treated badly, additionally, large animals always tend to be treated in a way that makes them comfortable being handled, cause otherwise it's too dangerous for the tiny humans to try to work with them. Animals like chickens, not so much. They tend to get throw around & abused when being caught for slaughter, since they're small & helpless, but try to do that to a horse & the human dies. Even in Australia, horses cause more human deaths than any other animal
Actually, we love it just the way it is :) The snakes really only bite gun toating tourists who try to hurt them, Aussies live side by side with them in peace, with neither side feeling any need to hurt the other. Our snakes, spiders etc are a great immigration control to keep out the violent people :)
The horses due their size and large blood volumes are injected with 10 (in South Africa) different snake venoms in small doses over about a year. They develop immunity to these venoms and their blood is harvested. It is spun to separate the red cells from the plasma. The red cells are reinfused. The plasma is purified to extract the anti-venom.
Like Pythons, Boas,and most Colubrids are not venomous, so unless you are dealing with Vipers or Elapids often, I don't think you should be too worried
Anaphylaxis can occur in anyone receiving anti-venom produced from horses. This can occur about 40% of the time. That's why anti-venom must only be given in hospital and the doctor must sit by the patient for the whole infusion to treat any anaphylaxis that might occur. Pre-dosing with a small amount of adrenaline reduces the risk by about 50%!
Regarding my previous comment: The short version is that the greater good of humanity Is more important than the greater good of horses. If you disagree, then maybe check your compass.
Perhaps we could give people genetic vaccines so they have the genes to produce that antibody when they need jt. It will happen eventually but I wish it would happen sooner. People's attitudes about any sort of genetic body modifications are pretty conservative and the science of gene editing on living people is new and largely unstudied.
Specific blood cells make antibodies and a different blood cell "remembers" antibodies, so it isn't like they are genetically coded into you in a way you pass on to offspring, which is why like babies don't keep the antibodies passed to them across the placenta from their mother while in the womb once they are born, breast feeding also passes on some immune stuff to babies. Viruses can change your DNA or example placentas themselves have origins in a gene a virus changed but unless the change affects your gametes it won't be passed on to your offspring
I don't think you know how biology works. By subjecting an organism to a toxin or poison the body forms white blood cells that can better recognize and attack said toxins. The doctors than harvest some blood and isolate what they need to help synthesize anyivenom. In a way some people have done this to themselves for toxins to help increase immunity. It's nano dosing to get a body used to it ^^ nothing about zombies in this subject, but I do suggest checking out some fungi 😮
The thumbnail reminded me of that Jennifer Lopez movie where she's in some dude's dream looking at a horse and then glass panes fall from the ceiling and section it lengthwise in neat little horse pieces that are still alive.
yeah. Scishow is usually good. But this is reporting on a ludicrous paper written by an Ph.D. who can't really do science. I get a Ph.D. in Physics and say there is actually something to zodiac predictions. I don't get funding but this assinine thing does and gets reported here. THUMBS DOWN. Does anyone review these things?
Thank you to Trade Coffee for sponsoring this episode. Go to drinktrade.com/scishow to get a free bag of coffee with any subscription purchase.
It would really help supply for rare venoms. If only a few people are bitten by something a year, then there's unlikely to be any antivenin on hand locally.
Not sure if it's the case anymore, but the antivenom for sea snakes was produced from a single horse. I think for global use
@@SanHydronoidNot calling you a liar, but can I get a source on that? Sounds neat and I'd like to learn more
Honestly, even "common" antivenin isn't always available everywhere. A few years ago, when I lived in rural Texas, my mom's dog got bit on the face by a rattlesnake. I rushed her to the nearest vet and they said to get antivenin, we'd have to drive like an hour or so to Austin. Not to mention it'd be around $1,000 per dose, and she'd probably need two or three doses, on top of hospitalization and other medicines and care. 😰 It was not a good time. Making all antivenin more readily available could save lives AND bring medical and veterinary costs down.
Abby is fine, by the way! She's still got a scar on her nose, but she completely recovered. ❤
Depends on your health system & priorities. Australia has only 2-3 deaths a year from all snake bites combined, with snakes like the inland taipan not even known to exist until relatively recently, due to how rare they are, but as soon as discovered, as many as possible were caught & sent to the Australian Reptile Park to join the milking program to create anti-venom for them & flying doctors obviously hold extensive supplies of all anti-venoms to take wherever they are needed in bush & outback areas, while all city hospitals stock them all. It's just a case of priorities
@@DDRWakaLaka I'm guessing it's a "single source" not "single horse". If it is a single source, it will be the CSL in Australia, they produce the vast majority of all global anti-venoms.
Snakes, spiders & everything else are milked at the Australian reptile park in Sydney, using mostly animals found by the public & sent to them for that purpose, venom is then sent to the CSL in Melbourne, where it's injected into horses & other animals & then blood taken & transferred to their anti-venom making labs.
Extra trivia, this was the same place that tested almost all of the first round of covid vaccines, since it was the only facility in the world big enough to house the required number of animals, with the highest level lab security. Once covid was established as not super dooper infectious/deadly, it was able to be downgraded in terms of testing facility security levels & therefore lots of other global options became available for testing, but at the highest level, the place with all the horses for anti-venom programs & extensive bio-security for agriculture facilities was the only place big enough to handle the animal vaccine testing for humans too
The best anti-venom I’ve found is not leaving my house.
I thought that the best anti-venom was Spiderman.
I think there's an Australian venomous snake that likes to hang out in human areas. So even indoors isn't necessarily the safest place. Not to mention all the venomous invertebrates like spiders.
@@patrickmccurry1563 "I think there's an Australian venomous snake that likes to hang out in human areas" You think we only have one that does, aww that's adorable!
@@patrickmccurry1563 My Aussie friend when he was a teen his parents were like "go move the corrugated roofing in the yard" and he lifted it saw a brown snake went "nope" and went back inside
@@clarehidalgowent back inside with the snake?
Heard they were also studying opossums because they have venom/poison neutralizing proteins in their systems that work with many types of venoms and poisons including ricin. So I’ve heard. Haven’t heard much lately so wonder if it was abandoned.
they probably can't make any money with the opossum proteins
Maybe it just takes time, prob a few years
Oh, yeah! Definitely takes time! The whole less than a year for the creation of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is a blooming miracle!
those opossum proteins are likely generating even more unwanted immune reactions than horse antibodies, when injected in humans
@@Svensk7119 just unprecedented effort in face of a pandemc, and indeed a rather easy virus to target (relatively speaking)
I would like to think that 100 years from now scientists will look back at this century and say "Wow they were persistent, imagine not being able to just whip up a batch of whatever with the necessary proteins." (Sure maybe that's a fantasy but that's okay)
They might be hard, but the old school ways work
It's more realistic to say even within 50 years scientists will look back and say "Wow, they were primitive, (insert A and B) made absolutely no sense, but they were different times."
It's how we look back from 50 years ago even though we've been persistent since then, we wouldn't have lived with our former generation's persistence yet we rather see them as primitive than persistent, lol.
Most inventions started out as fantasy, when Star Trek hit the worlds TV’s it had so many fancy gadgets which that looked crazy and cool at the same time, 60 years later are many of those fancy gadgets are now a reality.
It’s like the motor car and how everyone is going nuts over EV, the first cars built were EV not petrol 😹😹😹so in that case it’s come full circle 100plus years later.
Heck, the Internet is like some godly fantasy if you show it to people maybe just a few decades past. Not to mention the devices we use.
Like remembering the early days of penicillin, when it was so hard to create that it was reisolated from treated patients' urine
As a snake bite survivor of Montivipera xanthina venom, I was pretty stressed during the antivenin administration as I knew the allergic reaction risk. Would be good to get better solutions in the near future.
I'll just microdose different snakes before going out to where snakes congregate.
Let me at a venom microdose patch
Iocane powder.
Okay.
Centuries old technique, I’ve definitely never heard of it going wrong
That segway into sponsor was golden 😂
Segwei
Saguey
Segeu
To make it official, it's SEGUE. A very interesting word with an interesting spelling to boot! Yes, that was a slick segue into the coffee sponsor, but I'm a tea drinker myself.... so no matter how you promote it, coffee is still just burnt bean soup to me....😉
True, I didn't even notice 😂
It seems like monoclonal antibodies are extremely useful... I first heard of them for treating COVID, but they've also been used for cancer and autoimmune disorders. A year or two ago, a monoclonal antibody injection for cats became popular to treat osteoarthritis. I asked my vet when it'll be available for humans... hopefully soon! I'm glad people are doing this research.
fun fact
the most successful mAb to treat arthritis, Humira, generates $20B/year in revenues. And curiously, it was identified by using phage display
They now have a monoclonal antibody to treat arthritis in dogs and one for allergies
@@darkangel21892 I wonder if it's the same one as for cats? Sometimes dogs and cats can use the same medications, sometimes they very much can not. 🤔
That had to be the smoothest transition/segue to a sponsor I've ever seen on this channel. I didn't get my usual "time to leave now" feeling at all before I saw the product.
Hi Scishow, I am about to start working on exactly this with one of the authors from the paper you cited. If you want to know more shoot me a message.
"Burn the damn rainforest, I need more coffee!" - SciShow
Yeah, take Amphetamines instead, they are more potent anyway. And all you need is some chemicals and a basement.
@@Herr_Damitinstructions unclear, I'm in jail after my lab exploded
@@Herr_Damit Are you my soulmate?
THERE'S A PLACE CALLED THE RAINFOREST THAT TRULY SUCKS ASS~🎵🎶
One of my favorite RUclips videos is the Eons video about the Snake Detection Hypothesis and how venom-spitting snakes emerge with the migration of humans into new regions.
I got a vaccine when I was a kid that had been incubated in horses (something not done anymore except in case of an egg allergy) and it made me break out in a rash all over my body due to my allergies. They process it thoroughly, but there's still some residual horse proteins in the result.
I am *not* going to try it, I'm just curious….If a person was exposed to a given snake venom, and survived, repeatedly, would that person eventually develop antibodies to that particular venom, and become less susceptible to it?
I saw a documentary once, somewhere, about a family in India that worked with snakes and did precisely that.
They gradually dosed themselves with snake poison so they could become immune to it, it supposedly works but I still wouldn't risk it.
It's called "Mithridatism".
Yes. Usually, you start developing antibodies during/after the very first exposure, assuming you survived it. That's good ole mithridatism. It just usually takes repeat exposures to have enough antibodies floating around for your blood serum to be useful as antivenom.
Yes. The doses of venom have to be very small, & done repeatedly over many months. One person who did this is named Tim Friede, & he's taken bites from venomous snakes over 750 times over the years. He works at a company that makes antivenom.
Ever heard of a guy called Mithridates?
depends on the snakes/ This was an old trick used by snake charmers to avoid death, but on the other hand, in Australia, it's common for snake handlers to have to give up their profession because repeated exposures causes the opposite impact, with sensitisation to the venom & severe, deadly anaphylaxis occuring with repeated bites, even to snakes with low toxicity venom
Here's an idea for a show: the California Mountain Kingsnake (absolutely harmless) and the Coral Snake (insanely deadly) look almost....almost...identical. I thought this must be an example of biomimickry, where the Kingsnake benefits from the fear of the Coral Snake & is therefore left alone. But the habitats of the two snakes don't overlap, so how could this be?
Red touch yellow- kill a fellow. Red touch black friend of jack That’s the way I read to remember the difference between these two serpents
Kingsnakes don't have to have the same range as Coral Snakes if they are under the same predatory pressures
@@Ktmfan450 Ah, so as long as they're both in the same range as another predator(s) over sufficient time to evolve the visual match, then biomimickry would still be the valid explanation. Thanks!
I miss you and Sci show space so much
I had been giving blood since I was 17 until mad cow came along, and after 15 gallons, my blood was flagged due to risk. During my stint of giving blood, I participated in a medical test program in which human blood parts and equine blood parts were used to build blood and antibody parts to be used in both human and veterinary science.
we may have stopped riding horses everywhere but horses are still used but not in the way people expect
Microphages are the future I'm so excited to see what he can do with them in the field of medicine.
100,000 people a year die from venomous snake bites? That's quite a bit higher than I would have guessed.
Around 130 000 plus actually .
I love you so much man, your videos never fail to make me smile.
I love horses so much. Their faces are just so beautiful
WOW THE SEGWAY INTO THE SPONSER WAS SO GOOD
Ya got me 😂
5:20-6:12 😮 sounds like antibody selective breeding!
I like picture of the surprised snake around 3 minutes and 25 seconds into the video. 😲🐍
Black Mamba!
Horses, those incorrigible rascals!
You have a great voice and inflection
I will always need horses. Horses are awesome.
Sheep and Camels are also used. With Camels, the size of the anti-venom has been found to smaller than others, allowing it to pass through the body more effectively!
that thumbnail is immaculate out of context
Another great episode, Reid!
One day anti venom vaccines will be added to the list of vaccination drives.
There was a rattlesnake in my yard the other day. My dogs went crazy and it kept rattling. I picked the big dog up and put her in the house. The little dogs came in quick though
Yes but we'd preferably have trees or at least real food on the additional space, certainly not coffee! XD
I don't live in a country that has many danger noodles, just normal sneks that bite if you get too close and annoying. Good to know for when I travel though
1:07 ????????? uh, what?? 100k? A year?
I was about to ask for sources, but then checked the description and because SciShow people are awesome, there is actually a source!
But then... it's actually true, which is actually worse!
"You know, as a treat" 🙈🤣
likely more cost effective for companies. But certainly, it will be much more expensive for the end users
Why do they use horses and not pigs? Wouldn’t those genetically be a closer match to humans?
Now this is a horse I want in a hospital.
I want his shirt 👚!
Phage based medicine has been popular in Georgia for a while now, with very good results
"The trick here is that you can't really go around inoculating humans with snake venom and isolating the antibodies produced."
Well... There are a few researchers doing this with one guy in particular.
Small universe no mention of Hemotoxins.
Mr. Ed would be pissed 😅
Dude just mix a dozen monoclonal antibodies into a cocktail depending on the venom you're looking to treat.
Exactly, easy as that 😂
@@0151Master They could study the venom and record the necessary rations *once* and then you just mix it every time you need it. It's not like snakes are suddenly going to randomise their venom.
That’s what polyclonal antibodies are.
@@mcgovemj Yes and no, they complain how you need to keep injecting horses with specific venoms. While I say, make a ton of lower-lever "bricks" of the anti venom and keep them in a hospital and mix them on the spot, that would allow for more dynamic supply that can be used for anything and isn't strictly for a specific snake untill you look at a recipe list, find your snake, and mix it.
Trying to create a single "super brick" is too much effort and feels like something unnecessarily fancy.
@@danser_theplayer01
They play pretty loose with what “polyclonal” means.
Cool thanks
If non-livestock based anti-venom can be mass-produced easily, cheaply, and efficiently, I'm kind of curious on how this will affect the livestock population. I don't know how many Critters are kept alive solely to produce anti-venom, but the number can't be insignificant.
Poor horses! 🐎 I'm sure its not a pleasant experience for the horses, so im glad this is being explored more rigorously.
Haha! " .....developed at the TAIL end of the 19ty century." 1:05 I see what you did there!!!
Thank you
the THUMBNAIL omg
I love these contents, but I loved the way you guys used to do a scishow quiz show. I have been waiting for the revamped quiz show forever and so i please beg scishow, bring back scishow quiz show.
It isn't the same, but scishow tangents is a thing that they do.
Where's Savannah Geary? 😕
As A Treat!
Umm, what happened to the awesome coffee club?
What about honey badgers?
Too small!
Curious how a shark or whales immune system might respond. I’m not allowed to do science.
Can we expect similar research into allergens and allergic reactions anytime soon? I maybe misunderstanding this a lot but it feels like something kinda adjacent
Look up allergy shots
Yeah this sounds a very good way forward; one of the unfortunate effects of the traditional method for producing anti-venom is the significantly shortened lifespan of the horses as a result. I mean, we owe an incredible debt of gratitude to these beautiful animals.
it's a handful of horses! Nothing like the numbers of racehorses with "shortened lifespans" cause they don't run fast enough for our amusement
@@mehere8038 no argument with that
Prevention is better than cure… why not move to Ireland? No snakes!
I feel like he looks like a mix between one of the dudes from guess who? and post Malone
*Horse pun*
Do these anti venoms also work with other venomeous aNimals like scorpions?
Not at all. In South Africa we have an anti-venom for 2 potentially deadly scorpions. Rarely used. We also produce an anti-venom for the Black Button Spider. Similar to the Black Widow. For snakes, a 10 snake polyvalent anti-venom, a mono-valent anti-venom for the Boomslang and a mono-valent anti-venom for the Saw Scaled Vipers found in West Africa. There is also an anti-venom PANAF (Pan African), covering 14 different snakes.
has anyone consulted the horses??
Yes. We asked them if they minded this and they said “neigh”.
We're horses designed to be beasts of burden, pulling wagons, being ridden and pulling plows amongst other numerous tasks?
Horses, sheep or... goats... and its necesary... 😁
Camels as well.
Every medical problem seems like it would be fixable with a good enough gene therapy. Give me the horse genes that destroy venom
Couldn't your body make it's own antivenom if you take a very small amount of venom over time?
Probably, but much like building up an alcohol tolerance, I'd assume it would be unhealthy in the long run
I saw a tv episode where a guy injected small amounts of venom over time in hopes of making a antivenom. I recall the episode saying it was very cost prohibitive. I imagine a horse has a lot more mass to make antivenom than a human and phage based antivenom can be incrementally scaled
In South Africa we have a polyvalent anti-venom covering 10 snakes and a mono-valent anti-venom covering 1 snake. Going to be very difficult to inject all those venoms to be effective!
Have they tried having a horse bite a snake instead?
You didn’t talk about how incredibly expensive anti venom is now. Why is that?
cause they have an international audience & in the vast majority of the world the government pays for it?
@mehere8038 In Costa Ruca they have a very strong anti-venom production industry. Anti-venom is supplied for free there!
Buen video, luego sacaran la sangre de oro de cada especie biológica mamíferos, para poder usar mejor la zootecnia animales de varios usos, hasta producir sangre de oro humana 2.0 artificial biológico con la ingeniería genética sugerencia.
Let’s find as many non-animal alternatives in science as possible! Let’s remove cruelty from our process ASAP.
You realize that horses are extremely expensive to breed and keep, right? Once upon a time the cost was well worth the advantages of owning a horse for travel and farm work, but in the modern times they hold no such value.
If people aren’t paying to keep horses for a purpose then they aren’t paying to keep horses at all, and the population will go into steep decline. Every bit of value horses and other animals can give to humanity, the more excuses people who love animals can make to spend large sums of money on their care. Trying to eliminating horse jobs, from creating anti-venoms to abolishing horse carriage tours in cities, is you advocating that horses get their populations reduced.
I also highly doubt horses used for anti-venom production are being abused, if for no other reason than that unhealthy horses probably produce fewer proteins and die easier. Given how long it takes to raise a foal to adulthood that would be a massive waste of time and resources. Anti-venom producing horses probably live incredibly comfortable lives that are paid for and sustained by their occasional blood draws.
@@FireFog44
Thanks for your thoughts!
I totally agree that we should do our best to maintain stable animal populations in a world over-full with humans, and hope that medical animals are being treated kindly.
I just wish that we would adjust our culture of only keeping animals that are "of use" to us. That it's fine for horse populations to plunge if they can't keep their "job."
That's the real point that I'm making here.
How does that sound? I'm open to a change of perspective. Thanks again!💙
@@FireFog44 yeh, not good for productivity for them to be treated badly, additionally, large animals always tend to be treated in a way that makes them comfortable being handled, cause otherwise it's too dangerous for the tiny humans to try to work with them. Animals like chickens, not so much. They tend to get throw around & abused when being caught for slaughter, since they're small & helpless, but try to do that to a horse & the human dies. Even in Australia, horses cause more human deaths than any other animal
One day Australia might just be inhabitable. :)
Actually, we love it just the way it is :) The snakes really only bite gun toating tourists who try to hurt them, Aussies live side by side with them in peace, with neither side feeling any need to hurt the other. Our snakes, spiders etc are a great immigration control to keep out the violent people :)
Yeahhhhh you had me at coffee :D
This guy sounds like a specific wrestler, but I can't remember who.
Boo horses! Yay coffee!
Why horses? Have horses developed a defense against many different snakes?
The horses due their size and large blood volumes are injected with 10 (in South Africa) different snake venoms in small doses over about a year. They develop immunity to these venoms and their blood is harvested. It is spun to separate the red cells from the plasma. The red cells are reinfused. The plasma is purified to extract the anti-venom.
But like, hey reid 👀
I’m allergic to horses. I was also raised on a horse farm.
And, somehow, I am not that afraid of snakes.
Maybe I should be.
There is no justice.
Like Pythons, Boas,and most Colubrids are not venomous, so unless you are dealing with Vipers or Elapids often, I don't think you should be too worried
Anaphylaxis can occur in anyone receiving anti-venom produced from horses. This can occur about 40% of the time. That's why anti-venom must only be given in hospital and the doctor must sit by the patient for the whole infusion to treat any anaphylaxis that might occur. Pre-dosing with a small amount of adrenaline reduces the risk by about 50%!
Cool😊
" Vaccines haven't changed much since they were developed at the *tail* end of the 19th century......" I see what you did there!
Regarding my previous comment:
The short version is that the greater good of humanity Is more important than the greater good of horses. If you disagree, then maybe check your compass.
That thumbnail made me sad, we use animals too harshly
Must have that shirt. 🐳
🐎🐎🐎
the best cure for snake poison is snake oil
bru fard
Kinda
You need 87 herblore to make anti-venoms....
That's a whale of a shirt.
Perhaps we could give people genetic vaccines so they have the genes to produce that antibody when they need jt. It will happen eventually but I wish it would happen sooner. People's attitudes about any sort of genetic body modifications are pretty conservative and the science of gene editing on living people is new and largely unstudied.
Specific blood cells make antibodies and a different blood cell "remembers" antibodies, so it isn't like they are genetically coded into you in a way you pass on to offspring, which is why like babies don't keep the antibodies passed to them across the placenta from their mother while in the womb once they are born, breast feeding also passes on some immune stuff to babies. Viruses can change your DNA or example placentas themselves have origins in a gene a virus changed but unless the change affects your gametes it won't be passed on to your offspring
@@clarehidalgo beautifully explained
This sounds like we are 1 step closer to the Zombie apocalypse
I don’t see it, it’s just a snakebite treatment
I don't think you know how biology works. By subjecting an organism to a toxin or poison the body forms white blood cells that can better recognize and attack said toxins.
The doctors than harvest some blood and isolate what they need to help synthesize anyivenom.
In a way some people have done this to themselves for toxins to help increase immunity. It's nano dosing to get a body used to it ^^ nothing about zombies in this subject, but I do suggest checking out some fungi 😮
The thumbnail reminded me of that Jennifer Lopez movie where she's in some dude's dream looking at a horse and then glass panes fall from the ceiling and section it lengthwise in neat little horse pieces that are still alive.
Anaconda ad.
“HOME in,” (not “hone”)
Confidently incorrect. 😂
Oh look, it's my ex! 3:19
You need some improve
yeah. Scishow is usually good. But this is reporting on a ludicrous paper written by an Ph.D. who can't really do science. I get a Ph.D. in Physics and say there is actually something to zodiac predictions. I don't get funding but this assinine thing does and gets reported here. THUMBS DOWN. Does anyone review these things?
I don't think you even passed 9th grade English.
reid could bite me if he wanted to 😳👉👈
That video didn't really explain anything. Apart from how we can't use the antibodies in the first place.
Woooooow.😂