Great video! Also really like the apoptosis one. It's very difficult to find videos that have enough details on the subject as well as not being too boring, but you've succeeded! Thank you for your help
I got a question from a viewer that I answered via email that I wanted to share in case it can help somebody else. The question related to a patient with myocardial infarction (heart attack) and it asked “what is the role of the enzyme dismutase and why does it's reduced activity damage the cell?” Here is my response: It sounds like this is related to ischemia so that shifts the focus to reperfusion injuries which are most often present in MI, stroke etc. Ischemia leads to inflammation and when the inflammatory cells in the ischemic tissue meet oxygen in the recently reintroduced blood superoxide free radical is created. This is why individuals with these conditions actually get worse right after you restore blood flow to an area. The oxygen in the blood is used to create more tissue damage via free radical formation. Superoxide Dismutase is the enzyme which helps “deactivate” superoxide so it is converted to H2O2 which does not have an unpaired electron and therefore is not a free radical. If you had a deficiency of SOD during this reperfusion injury superoxide is not broken down as fast and it would stick around even longer creating even more tissue damage. Does that make sense?
Thankyou so much, I have been scouring the internet looking for some clarification on the glutathione Oxidation Reduction Cycle for uni assessment. This is best video I found. Appreciated!
I never comment on videos, this is actually my first time, but I love your videos, they have been so much help for me in my step 1 preparation! So if commenting helps you, glad to do it, as you've helped me so much so far! 谢谢!
Keshandi Thompson Thanks! RUclips/Google have a complicated system that determines where each video ranks for specific search terms and how often a video pops up on the right hand side list of suggest videos. Comments is one of the things that is factored into that so they really do help. It also is just fun for me to talk to you all and find out which videos you like best
I have several questions. In my first aid book they dont even address the oxygen dependent killing versus the oxygen independent killing, while in my kaplan pathology book they do but they include myeloperoxidase as an oxygen dependent intracellular killing pathway. Searching for other information I found that Myeloperoxidase does not need NAPDH oxidase or oxygen necessarily to succeed in killing microorganism because most bacteria produce their own hydrogen peroxide, so myeloperoxidase is an hydrogen peroxide dependent pathway that can be included as a combination of both independent and dependent oxygen pathways. secondly most authors put hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid as non radical reactive oxygen species but you put hypochlorous acid as a free radical. In a medical journal I found that hypochlorous acid is the most efficient intracelullar killer with diminished toxicity to the host cell, and second comes hydrogen peroxide with greater toxicity than hypochlorous acid. When doing several test they ask me about which had the best antioxidant properties. Options where myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, nadph oxidase, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase. In another question they ask me who causes the most damage : Hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, singlet oxygen and nitrous oxide. While i undestand that kaplan puts the scavenger receptors with vitamin A,B,E as first then superoxide dismutase and then catalase/gluthatione peroxidase. why they dont put myeloperoxidase as an antioxidant since HOCL is less toxic than hydrogen peroxide?
Thank-you for your videos! I didn't realize that free radicals are so high yield. I don't like studying pathways, but this one I will make the effort to know it all. I just found your channel a few days ago and am going through your playlists. I hope you continue to make more videos! :-)
lesleyanna Thanks for the comment! I agree. I hate pathways, but I make a couple exceptions for things like this that have a lot of high yield info packed into 1 pathway. The other one that comes to mind is the pathway that involves folate, B12, homocysteine, antibiotics, chemotherapies etc. I'll be working on the next batch of video over the next couple weeks and hope to have more out soon so keep an eye out for them and please tell your friends! Good luck with the rest of your studying
gavinstead17 That sounds like a cool program. How many years will does it take to finish? I got to take 1 toxicology class as part of my Masters in Public Health and I really enjoyed it
Stomp On Step 1 6 years in total. We have an option to do an additional masters (completed in 1 year) after 4 years of medical school, before returning for final year. Public health is important! Difficult to make a change though i think.
gavinstead17 I'm not sure if I am going to actually go into public health and use my MPH knowledge every day, but it was only 1 year extra and I enjoyed it so I'm glad I did it. Good luck with the rest of your program!
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a peroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MPO gene on chromosome 17. MPO is most abundantly expressed in neutrophil granulocytes (a subtype of white blood cells), and produces hypohalous acids to carry out their antimicrobial activity.
MPO is a peroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MPO gene on chromosome 17.MPO is most abundantly expressed in neutrophil granulocytes (a subtype of white blood cells), and produces hypohalous acids to carry out their antimicrobial activity. The available inhibitor targeting this enzyme is PF-06282999 and etc.
I am trying to connect glutathione transferase (GST) enzyme with the elevation of homocysteine since I know that glutathione via transulfuration pathway does affect homocysteine. Does it or I guess the question is what happens after transulfuration pathway--it that where phase II metabolism starts where GST takes place?
Sorry, this is my last comment. When OH is connected to a metal it's OH minus therefore hydroxide, not a free radical. When it is in an organic compound, it does not have the negative, so it's a hydroxyl. This is not to brag, but just to reassure you. I am a Ph.D. chemist... and have taught for 35 years!
![Methylene Blue: A Revolutionary Anti-Aging Molecule? [Study 202]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/zmogXFrx4Ys/mqdefault.jpg)
Great video! Also really like the apoptosis one. It's very difficult to find videos that have enough details on the subject as well as not being too boring, but you've succeeded! Thank you for your help
Erika Bertrand thanks! Please tell your friends
I got a question from a viewer that I answered via email that I wanted to share in case it can help somebody else.
The question related to a patient with myocardial infarction (heart attack) and it asked “what is the role of the enzyme dismutase and why does it's reduced activity damage the cell?”
Here is my response:
It sounds like this is related to ischemia so that shifts the focus to reperfusion injuries which are most often present in MI, stroke etc. Ischemia leads to inflammation and when the inflammatory cells in the ischemic tissue meet oxygen in the recently reintroduced blood superoxide free radical is created. This is why individuals with these conditions actually get worse right after you restore blood flow to an area. The oxygen in the blood is used to create more tissue damage via free radical formation. Superoxide Dismutase is the enzyme which helps “deactivate” superoxide so it is converted to H2O2 which does not have an unpaired electron and therefore is not a free radical. If you had a deficiency of SOD during this reperfusion injury superoxide is not broken down as fast and it would stick around even longer creating even more tissue damage.
Does that make sense?
Truly the best video I have found on this subject. Thank you!
Thankyou so much, I have been scouring the internet looking for some clarification on the glutathione Oxidation Reduction Cycle for uni assessment. This is best video I found. Appreciated!
+Barbara Boyes thanks!
I never comment on videos, this is actually my first time, but I love your videos, they have been so much help for me in my step 1 preparation! So if commenting helps you, glad to do it, as you've helped me so much so far! 谢谢!
Keshandi Thompson Thanks! RUclips/Google have a complicated system that determines where each video ranks for specific search terms and how often a video pops up on the right hand side list of suggest videos. Comments is one of the things that is factored into that so they really do help. It also is just fun for me to talk to you all and find out which videos you like best
CZ Zhang You are correct. We are discussing hydrochlorus acid and not the similar sounding hydrochloric acid
I have several questions. In my first aid book they dont even address the oxygen dependent killing versus the oxygen independent killing, while in my kaplan pathology book they do but they include myeloperoxidase as an oxygen dependent intracellular killing pathway. Searching for other information I found that Myeloperoxidase does not need NAPDH oxidase or oxygen necessarily to succeed in killing microorganism because most bacteria produce their own hydrogen peroxide, so myeloperoxidase is an hydrogen peroxide dependent pathway that can be included as a combination of both independent and dependent oxygen pathways. secondly most authors put hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid as non radical reactive oxygen species but you put hypochlorous acid as a free radical. In a medical journal I found that hypochlorous acid is the most efficient intracelullar killer with diminished toxicity to the host cell, and second comes hydrogen peroxide with greater toxicity than hypochlorous acid. When doing several test they ask me about which had the best antioxidant properties. Options where myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, nadph oxidase, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase. In another question they ask me who causes the most damage : Hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, singlet oxygen and nitrous oxide. While i undestand that kaplan puts the scavenger receptors with vitamin A,B,E as first then superoxide dismutase and then catalase/gluthatione peroxidase. why they dont put myeloperoxidase as an antioxidant since HOCL is less toxic than hydrogen peroxide?
Thank-you for your videos! I didn't realize that free radicals are so high yield. I don't like studying pathways, but this one I will make the effort to know it all. I just found your channel a few days ago and am going through your playlists. I hope you continue to make more videos! :-)
lesleyanna Thanks for the comment! I agree. I hate pathways, but I make a couple exceptions for things like this that have a lot of high yield info packed into 1 pathway. The other one that comes to mind is the pathway that involves folate, B12, homocysteine, antibiotics, chemotherapies etc. I'll be working on the next batch of video over the next couple weeks and hope to have more out soon so keep an eye out for them and please tell your friends! Good luck with the rest of your studying
Masterpiece! I never noticed 12 mins passed
Lee Romeo Thanks! I really appreciate the kind words
Thank you very much for these teaching videos... You are such a great encourager. Thanks for making our review easier!
Useful videos man. Im doing an intercalated medical degree with a masters in toxicology, and your videos are helpful.
gavinstead17 That sounds like a cool program. How many years will does it take to finish? I got to take 1 toxicology class as part of my Masters in Public Health and I really enjoyed it
Stomp On Step 1
6 years in total. We have an option to do an additional masters (completed in 1 year) after 4 years of medical school, before returning for final year. Public health is important! Difficult to make a change though i think.
gavinstead17 I'm not sure if I am going to actually go into public health and use my MPH knowledge every day, but it was only 1 year extra and I enjoyed it so I'm glad I did it. Good luck with the rest of your program!
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a peroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MPO gene on chromosome 17. MPO is most abundantly expressed in neutrophil granulocytes (a subtype of white blood cells), and produces hypohalous acids to carry out their antimicrobial activity.
MPO is a peroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MPO gene on chromosome 17.MPO is most abundantly expressed in neutrophil granulocytes (a subtype of white blood cells), and produces hypohalous acids to carry out their antimicrobial activity. The available inhibitor targeting this enzyme is PF-06282999 and etc.
excellent video.
Jay C Thanks for the comment. Good luck studying!
THAT VERY INFORMATIVE. I WANT TO.KNOW.HOW TO.MEASURE OXIDATIVE STRESS.
Thanks for nice video... I wants to know about fenton reaction.
Sushama Sharma Thanks for the feedback!
I am trying to connect glutathione transferase (GST) enzyme with the elevation of homocysteine since I know that glutathione via transulfuration pathway does affect homocysteine. Does it or I guess the question is what happens after transulfuration pathway--it that where phase II metabolism starts where GST takes place?
you are amazing :) thanks so much! studying for Step 1
Perfect. But hydroxyl, not hydroxide.
so hydrogen peroixde iv's is good for you?
Great video!
Tempol.info thanks! Comments help my videos rank higher in searches so I really appreciate it
Sorry, this is my last comment.
When OH is connected to a metal it's OH minus therefore hydroxide, not a free radical.
When it is in an organic compound, it does not have the negative, so it's a hydroxyl.
This is not to brag, but just to reassure you. I am a Ph.D. chemist... and have taught for 35 years!
+Zareh Darakjian thanks for the correction. I added a note to the video with the change
Thank you very much.... Have a good day.
minuto 8 y 9 accion del glutation. cancer, inmunodeficiencia
thank you
minuto 11 accion del glutation