Introduction to Shear Walls: Understanding Overturning, Racking, and Base Shear
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- Опубликовано: 11 июн 2024
- Description: In this introductory lesson, we'll talk about the importance of shear walls in building construction and why they are essential in resisting lateral forces such as wind and earthquakes. We'll demonstrate the three forces that wind or seismic exerts on the building, and we'll show you how shear walls on either side, the roof, and even the floor system help to distribute those forces. We'll also explain what racking, base shear, and overturning are and why preventing them is crucial in preventing building collapse. We'll show you how to transfer the inherent rigidity of wood structural panels to the wall to make it more resistant to lateral forces, and we'll discuss the different types of wood sheathing you can use to achieve this. Join us to learn more about shear walls and how they can help protect your building from natural disasters.
Article in the Journal of Light Construction on shear walls
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I'm a structural engineer! This video was great, and thank you for also sharing the different screenshots from the NDS publications as well! I love it!
I'm a german engineer and call this typ of framing BS! Make triangles! Pfff...
@@mostylz7618 German engineers over-engineer everything. At some point you need to draw a line and say "enough is enough, that'll work just fine." But the Germans I know and work with are still solving a problem I fixed perfectly fine a long time ago. I guess that's why their part of the company is going out of business...
@@byugrad1024 Yeah, well, no! Our houses don't fall apart when there is a little bit of wind, which you call a storm. And without the stuff you stole after WWII you wouldn't had the great 50's/60's. You even wouldn't have proper rockets without a German. And maybe you just don't saw the problem you caused with your solution, which might be good enough for american standards. And sadly Germany has become more and more American over the years, that's why we're not that good anymore, I have to admit. I'm one of the last German Diploma Engineers. Now we have these Master and Bachelor BS. Multiple Choice tests... Made by and for idiots, to create more idiots.
@@byugrad1024listen bruh as an American all you can do is put ur negative iq head down and keep walking Germans are like gods compared to you 😂😂
@@mostylz7618finally someone putting the lowlifes in they place these western scum that don’t know how to read been talking too much trying to look intelligent
Next thing you hear from this shill is gona be
WE WON WWII
Nah biach you didn’t win shiz you joined the war after Russia won it
I work in demolition and you are making my job REALLY difficult. Thanks.
You're very welcome 😉
Man this comment is so underrated hahahaha
demolition SUCKSSSSSS AHHHHHHH lol Good comment.
Come to Arizona the houses here are styrofoam they'll come down pretty easily.
more difficult means more money
I’m a licensed structural engineer in California. This video is fantastic. Great work!
Thanks! I did a lot of research and tried not to step out of my area of knowledge.
This is good for those in construction management or going to school to become a builder to watch during a break 👍
And why the state claim ? As if you think calif has better codes or some other crazy crap
@@jeffbarron5500 your statement doesn't logically follow. California is known for strict earthquake design. All homes there have shear walls and carpenter's need training.
I took his compliment as a huge compliment.
@@jeffbarron5500 Not sure about Oregon, but CA and WA normally use the same version of the IBC as a baseline code. CA has the CBC with special ‘A’ chapters used for public school and hospital projects that go under special review (DSA & HCAI, respectively). We’re not better, we just have to deal with famously difficult plan checkers depending on the type of work you get into. Because of this you end up being well-versed in lateral force-resisting systems.
Didn’t mean to come across as demeaning or anything. Cheers!
Thanks for staying on site after work hours to educate us. That was incredibly helpful.
I saw a couple houses collapse in my time as a builder by other builders. It was always from new crews who didn’t understand that you can’t rely on braces to hold an entire house with roof set. Sheathing and decking are your friend, sooner rather than later! Good video.
22 years GC in Minnesota we have never started second story without sheathing the first floor
I am a carpenter and home inspector for about 40 years. You did a nice simple job of explaining the system
This would be a great practical video to show in an intro to statics engineering course. Very nice example with the simple starting wall. Then get into the individual and total nail shear forces, so nerdy! Love it.
Thank you for the education. Met with a structural engineer last week to verify load bearing wall and received a significant education that I wish I had received decades ago. Wish I'd have taken my education more seriously and followed engineering.
Great presentation. Just learning the terms (Overturning, Racking, and Base Shear) is helpful in understanding better and being able to describe what most of us intuitively know. Construction is full of urban legends regarding the code and engineering. It is wonderful to get the straight scoop from PEs on how various forces act upon structures rather than the BS at lunchtime when framers pontificate about science.
One of the best videos and most knowledgeable I have seen. Thank you for your great work. you are a awesome framer. God Bless
Very true about the field nails holding the panel to the framing! I had a project framed with Zip System sheathing where the sheathing got a little wet during construction, and buckled in or out between each stud up to 1/2" in deflection. But the sheet itself stayed firmly attached to the studs.
Great stuff. I've been designing homes for over 30 years and have built several in that time, and I was always taught/told that the sheathing should go perpendicular to the studs. This was very enlightening. Thanks for the mini tutorial! Never too old to learn new things.
Perpendicular? Or you could buy the right length sheathing to carry mudsill to topplate/rimjoist
@@h2s142 Yes, perpendicular. That has been the standard here for as long as I can remember. I'm not saying this is right or wrong, just what we have been doing for the past several decades, based on our code requirements. And we don't put backing on the long edges (hope that doesn't blow your mind too much). I like the idea of limiting the long edges being on the studs, if only for limiting moisture infiltration.
I've run into old-school guys who learned that, especially with 5-ply plywood. They know the plywood veneer sandwich has three layers running the 8' direction and only 2 going perpendicular to those, so they want to line up the three layers with the horizontal forces.
But this is not understanding that the horizontal forces in turn create equal vertical forces as well, so orientation of the sheet goods doesn't matter.
I built a house with one older guy who insisted we attach the panels horizontally and install blocking at 4'. It was a tall wall too, we had to add two rows of blocking. I was paid by the hour, and it was this GC's own house, so after pushing back a little I just did what he wanted, even though I knew it was wasted time.
The quick reply to explain it is that the forces around the perimeter of each nailed piece of ply, the horizontal and vertical forces, are exactly the same on all 4 edges, so, (structurally) it doesn't matter which orientation you use.
You put your edge nailing at 6&12 (or whatever) on the 4' edges just the same as on the long edges of the ply/OSB. That's because the load you're resisting is the same at the horizontal edges and at the vertical edges.
It's a little counterintuitive, because in our minds, we're mostly thinking about restraining sideways forces. But those sideways forces create vertical forces (as seen in the overturning) so it's all the same structurally, and it's far more efficient to place the panels upright.
It can if you block but it’s inefficient
Perpendicular ties more studs together - making stronger walls.
"More efficient" does not always equate to endurance.
0215 and I just sat through an excellent video on shear walls, and learned a lot of new information & terminology. My day is going well already.
My parents built their house out of Cinder blocks all the other neighbors thought they were crazy. A decade of hurricanes and their house is still standing strong. The neighbors have had whole walls blown in Their roof sagged because it was made out of particle wood.. My parents demanded no particle board. Yet the neighbors house is worth more on the market because it's slightly bigger and has a pool. I'd roll with the cinderblock house all day.
Particle wood or OSB? OSB is very strong.
cinder blocks are useless in an earthquake unless they are reinforced by metal flexible rebarb, wood flexes just make sure your house is bolted to the foundation
@twostop6895 true, but generally speaking, if your building to defend against hurricanes, earthquakes aren't a factor in your area.
Shut up
@@nonconsensualopinionI personally still don't like OSB. Once the water hits it, it's finished pretty quick. Plus it's way heavier than ply
This is an awesome video. It really helps visualize the theory behind shear walls. Thank you for putting it together.
You’re a terrific teacher. Really appreciate the video! Well deserved sub
Just found this video and subbed. I just learned about these various forces. I built a small 4 x 8 raised deck to catch rainwater in barrels on. I braced it figuring I'd have racking either from back to front or from side to side. A light rain easily filled the barrels. Roughly 450 pounds of water in each 55 gallon barrel. I thought 2 x 4s I had left over would work. Nope! A couple 2 x 6s seems to have worked. No more racking.
I have a lot more to learn! 👍🇺🇸🍀
This was so awesome!!!!!!!!!!! I literally am using this video to help me for my California Seismic Engineering Exam. Thank you so much for breaking this down so that I can understand it better!
Nice info! Thank you. People need to calculate the forces "during" construction too, not just the final building.
Wow, very, very educational. Saved to favorites for future use on my Desert Homestead. Thank You!
Great video and information. As a licensed contractor I am currently working on a insuarance claim where the sheeting was installed improperly and a wind storm racked the entire home. Definitely a very important part of the building process and easily overlooked.
could you explain how did improper nailing lead to the whole house racking? what did they do wrong?
Great stuff. I am building a cabin with my son and we are standing up the walls tomorrow. Wanted a refresher before we sheathed them.
Thank you for using the terminology. I love the breakdown
Very useful. Thank you for taking the time to make this video.
Thanks sooo much for this vid! Well done guys
Very helpful...we were thinking about getting a tile roof...very heavy, and after watching this, I think that might not be a great idea here in earthquake country. Thank you so much.
Excellent intro. Thank you.
Thanks for the Great information and explanation. Thump up from Thailand.
This is really good information and a great knowledge base for anyone like myself who wants to do a professional job, understands framing but hasn’t yet learned proper procedure.
Excellent video. Really appreciate it.
That was very educational. Can you produce another video showing a house blueprint and where these shear walls would be required?
In michigan we're required a "braced wall panel" section. It shows the floor plan, in a simpler form, and highlights or darkens the specific sheer panel areas. Here it's typically 4' on each corner of the wall and next to large openings. It will then specify the type of panel bracing. Walls with huge openings (think garage walls) will typically be portal framed ; cs-pf, dpf, or pfh.
Usually it's the exterior walls and some interior walls set at right angles. Eg in SF for earthquake resistance: our house has an interior "spine" wall that runs the length of the house and carries a lot of the roof and second floor joist load. Then a few of the interior walls perpendicular to the lengthwise "spine" are 2x6 shear walls. They act to prevent the main spine wall from moving in its weakest direction (perpendicular to the wall length). Actually it's all connected because the spine does the same for the exterior side walls while the shear walls brace the front and back exterior. So it all locks together... as you'd expect.
Our garage also has a huge beam and footings to prevent the 1.5 car wide door from being a weak point (aka the "soft story" problem).
So excellent to provide this clear explanation for everyon!
Well done! Easy to understand.
Great video! Of course, I'm kind of a need.
I learned so much, thank you
I think this video will go far and good for lots of self starters to understand what they are really dealing with
this was fascinatingly clear and educational. Dude - you are on a winning streak. Keep going!
Fabulous video ty so much for teaching me in an easy to understand format 👍
Thanks for the video!! I loved the info
I need to hear Timmy sing I Saw The Sign by Ace Of Base on the next one😂. Seriously.. really enjoy the videos. I’m no framer, just concrete forms and finisher but I’ve learned so much watching. Seen you guys doing your own footings as well🫡. Take care fellas
Great stuff. Thanks 🙏
This was really informative.
Great content. I know most of this general information but it is nice seeing it in application.
Great video!! Thank you!
Holy crap! Im getting a shear wall installed in my house immediately.
Great explanation! Every framer and framer/carpenter wannabe ought to be watching your vids!
GREAT VIDEO AND GREATLY NEEDED,especially around here. I watched my neighbors house get built and the sheathing install was so bad. They would cut pieces to fit above and below the windows and around the windows only very few full sheets were installed.
Great video. Thank you.
Wow! Glad you made the video.
I live 30min off the coast in Texas. My framer installed 2 shear walls in my home. 3/4” plywood and bolted in the slab. It is relatively cheap to do this and adds so much safety and security.
Hope y'all used hurricane strapping through out as code demands.
@@terryanderson4366 corner straps from within the foundation, wall straps, ceiling joist straps, if a hurricane takes our home it will be attached to the foundation…
Very good video. Thanks.
Dude, you got the knack for this! I mean the vids and youtube and making stuff understandable. For civilians, the rookies and the leadmen. Lotta guys know exactly what your talkin about but could never articulate it as well as you do. THAT knack😁 As far as swingin hammers, you guys are as good as it gets. Anywhere. Id apprentice under you for two years at 10 bucks an hour just to soak up rules, tricks and tips. Keep em comin man, they are appreciated. Gives us old dudes someone to steer the youngers to as well. They wanna learn but get sick of hearin us hollerin at em so you can fill that gap
First class video! 👍
Great video very informative!
90% of this is common sense stuff my dad taught me. ❤
Excelente video saludos 👍👌
I would love to work for someone like this. This is how you teach the right way
Amen
Not once did he call me names or did I have to smell cigs in my face. 10/10 working with this chap
dude this was insanely helpful
really? I was hoping it would but never know. Thanks for the feedback.
Great, informative video!
Gracias por la explicación salí de muchas dudas es de mucha ayuda se te agradece
This was a great video. Worth watching more than once.
At the end common sense and long talk short. Thank you for knowledge
Very useful information you guys must be awesome framers thanks homie👊
Awesome video
Awesome info
very nicely explained and critical information
Thank you...very informative.
Great video.
Thank you for your video.
Great video 👍
This video was great.
Great video..first time Ive seen a 9 ft ply sheet
Wow, what a superintelligent man.
Great video 👍 👍
Awesome video from a structural engineer
Awesome video!
Awesome 📐🔨
Thank you, Tim!!! Liked#159 and Subscribed!!!
Excelente video 👌
Amazing video
From a complete layman, wow this was a good video.
thank you, good video
Interesting spec.
Thank you!
Good stuff
monocoque support for the lower levels before adding loads to the upper levels. Good tutorial.
Great explanation. The intro videos will now give me nightmares as I begin framing!😲
Nice info, and GREAT video of shear failures!
What would be super helpful is if Huber would stock longer Zip panels (and various Advantech flooring) in Canada. I can’t tell you how nice it would have been to have 10’ Zip and 1-1/8” Advantech available locally… I had to import my floor sheathing from NY myself, a major PITA. Maybe you can pass this along to Huber? 😁
I haven't found it in stock near upper MI either. Pretty sure it'll be a special order for me. That's a conversation I have yet to have. But it'll be worth it to save not only on the extra blocking, but also the resultant thermal bridging. Sure it's a drop in the bucket, but still. . .
Good stuff!
The most amazing thing: people knew this 1000 years ago. Some wood frame buildings from 700 years ago are still standing in central Europe.
Our house is 400 years old and just looking at the design it shows, how much technology was involved, without a single machine.
Diagonal beams ensure stability. The removal of these beams in the 40s and 70s caused the building to move. We now started to rebuild it and stabilize the frame further. The pretty European wood frame houses don't look like they do only because it looks good, most of it is simply functional. Place the diagonal beams the other way and it will be unstable.
Oh, the entire outer framing is oak wood, no metal was used. It is not like they didn't have it: the clay coating on the inside was partially held in place with hand-made nails.
Its amazing on that entry video how there was obviously no sheathing on the walls or roof, but was there any kind of temp bracing even applied? I do remember years ago when framers were only required to sheath the corners, which was just wrong. Great video, from one builder to the next, keep em coming bro!
I'm amazed for how long after the 1906 quake they still allowed garbage construction methods in the SF Bay Area. Soft story buildings (first floor all parking so the whole front face is only supported on a couple of steel poles with no interior walls... a great recipe for collapse) were still being built into the 1980s IIRC.
Or lots of SFHs with a crawl space with no sheathing (the half height crawl space walls love to collapse just like shown in this video). Still built this way into the 80s.
Huge 12" redwood beams just toe-nailed onto their posts. Way too few anchor bolts. Not sure when this stopped but when we rented the 1939 house (long after 1906) was built this way - long after they should have known better.
Where can I learn basic building skills? This seems like a good place to start. The video is fantastic BTW, and very informative.
Nice info
I’ll be showing this to new-hire engineers as a great example of basic shear wall construction.
The only input I have is that moment frames are not subsets of shears walls. They are two different types of lateral force resisting systems (i.e. braced frames, moment frames, shear walls). They use different design methods with different seismic loads on the structure. But this isn’t a video on moment frames 😅, so very well done! 👍🏼
It seems like California really complicated everything. I live in Virginia and my uncle is a builder in San Diego. He was explaining the concept of shear walls to me and I was confused. Now I realize it’s just a well-built wall with sheathing… great info about all the specs, I’ll be using some lingo I learned here to impress customers 😅 while the industry standard is to be rude and not communicate with clients
Well Done
Nice!
Please make more videos!
The house across the street from me fell down just as they drove the last nail in it
It was amazing to see
I'm renovating our 1980 built home and so far I've only gone through gypsum board sheathing in our kitchen and garage exterior walls. I know wax core gypsum sheathing exists and is sometimes used for additional water diversion or fire blocking, but I'm also concerned the builder may have used drywall sheathing to cut costs. Is there way to inspect the exterior sheathing material without damaging anything?