I want to express my appreciation to you for this presentation. I have often thought about this topic. I mostly watch documentaries and/or educational media and I have searched for one that explains the evolution of skin pigmentation for quite some time. I naively searched keywords such as "early European migration and evolution". Of course there was no explanation of skin pigment. I always assumed that the change occurred due to UV light and natural selection. I am so happy I finally found your video that explains the importance of folate and vitamin D. Thanks a million!
Your a fool. She bullshitting you. White skin is abnormal because it is Allergic to sunlight light. White skin needs to be covered up with Melanin to prevents skin cancer.
I'm so happy she mentioned the snow-glare that Inuit get! You can actually go blind from it, it's so severe. They have goggles they used to wear that were just a slit cut in bone to cut the glare.
@Ken Personal your language, English, grammar and spelling is pure Horseshit. You sound like you grew up in a stable and rarely came out in your whole lifetime.
I was born with red hair and skin so pale all my veins are visible like a road map lol. Skin pigment has always interested me. Now I understand why I have always felt a deep hatred for summer lol. Autumn/Winter/Early Spring is when I'm most comfortable in Kentucky. Ready to move a little further North.
Don’t know why I find your comment so sweet. Former New Yorker and loved it. New Jersey isn’t as bad as they say although parts of the turnpike do stink, lol. I love it up here. The South is just too hot for me.
It's really quite simple. Your body is either Earth camouflaged to some degree to blend you in with nature, or you are some form of albino. Brown skin is the normal, and original, human trait. That is why it's the dominant trait.
The Neandethal (fair skinned) co-existed with the Homo Sapiens (originally darkskinned) - until the Homo Sapiens took over. Yet both had the same ancestors. The ancestors pf Neanderthals were also originally from the African continent and migrated northwards. Needless to mention that there were also others, not only Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens - but we know less about the _others._ *Fair skinned ppl are still Homo Sapiens.* So heck no!! White ppl aren't "aliens" and for sure not "albinos". This is a whole new level of Racism that you reached. Keep in mind: you are hating on your own race/species. Beyond pathetic. Albinos lack pigmentation. White ppl are still pigmented! Just not as much as Sub-Saharan Africans. If you look at San ppl: they aren't _THAT_ darkskinned after all. So what are the darkest people on earth now? Hyper-pigmented? And also not belonging to the "original" people bc they don't have the "original" skintone?! Can we just finally accept that the *human race* comes in all shapes and colours?! Or is reality still so "hard" to accept for you?
No lady economics and jealousy causes hate against the black man by white people! Darwin’s theory was the answer to what Champollion discovered about the Tamahu!
THE COMMENT IS NOT SUPPOSEED TO HURT ANY BODY.. WHAT IS ACTUALLY HURTING U IS THE FACTS THAT THIS VIDEO SCIENTIF8CALLY REVEAL.. THERE ARE MORE TRUTH THAT WILL HIT NONE CARBONATED OR LESS MELANITE PEOPLE.. WHEN THE REAL TRUTH AND FACTS COMES TO THE LIGHT...
THERE ARE SOME SCIENTIFIC FACTS MIX WITH LIES.. WHEH U BLACK U BLACK.. WHEN U PINK U PINK... IT IS A FACT THAT DARK SKIN CAN DIGEST ALL RAYS FROM THE SUN AND UNIVERSE.. EVEN THEIR EYES CAN DIGEST THE SUN...
This video is from 2009. Since that time the multiple genetic mutations that she predicted would control skin pigmentation have been found. Dark skin has evolved at least four separate times, and light skin three times. Considering all the other genetic variables that have since been discovered it turns out that skin pigmentation is really one of the most *minor* of the variations in the human species, even if it's the most obvious.
@@musicisbrilliant These were separate events, not waves of dark/light/dark/etc. The dark skin of the Australian aborigines is controlled by a different gene than that of the people of Africa or the Amazon. (I think the fourth was southern India, too lazy to look it up at the moment.) The light skin of Europeans is controlled by a different gene than that of Asia/America or the Neanderthals.
This is your opinion, not a fact. You wrong on everything you just said especially when you mentioned that skin pigmentation is one of the most minors. Coming from someone that doesn't even know what melanin is or how important it is. I can easily prove to you that your opinion is wrong.
ronald matthews it’s the process of adaptation . White folks and black folks are all the same. In order to perpetuate and dominate slavery, the term race were coined in the early 1900s .
Alicia Headrick As of January 2, 2020 Melanin is worth $445 a gram. Gold is worth $49.09 a gram. That means melanin is worth over $395 a a gram more than gold. Melanin is worth more than gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium and coltan combined.
It is called melanin, some people have more melanin in their skin than other so the pigmentation turn darker in the skin because of the melanin as long as a person stay in the sun.
William White Thanks for repeating something I already knew about. Even if I did not already know that, I watched the entire video. I think you did not click on my link before you commented. I was referring to the latitude differences in regards to tanning.
No, she is saying that the amount of melanin in the skin is an adaptation -- a protection -- to harmful UV light exposure coming from the sun. And that this is unrelated to other human DNA evolutionary processes. The implication is that if a white population moves to the equator they will eventually develop increased melanin in the skin. Equaly, if a black population moves to the Northern hemisphere they will also eventually develop reduced melanin to get enough essential vitamin D from the reduced sunlight exposure...
@@daNorse if a white person moved to the equator they die shortly of skin cancer, bottom line somebody from the Caucasian race needs to explain how there could be people on the planet that can't survive under the sun without sunscreen, furthermore where do y'all come from seriously,reason we can't ever get along because we don't really know who y'all are,you don't just pop up out of nowhere talking about were the same?? Who are you???????
@@daNorse evolve from what we been on this planet for ions literally,no fossil records of existence,the time has come to clean our house, been cool getting to try to know each other evictions are here and rent is due
No. The group classification is still in effect. That's why they ask you for such information when filling out a job application, applying for school, and anything else requiring such information.
What a smart person and great communicator! You have added to. my understanding of health, in particular cancer, and in particular ways of treating my advanced prostate cancer.
Strongest Current in the Hebrew Seas, she is trying to be delicate and respectful to those who are sensitive about skin color origin and ancestral homelands.
TO THE HERDS? MAYBE HUH? THE NON INTELLIGENTE HERDS SHE IS A PROGRAMMED MORON EVEN AN AMOEBA,KNOWS THIS POLITICALLY CORRECT RUBBISH THAT SHE KNOWS EVEN MY BLACK CAT IS WHITE INSIDE! ONLY HER FUR IS BLACK
@@meta-etherealinfo2445 Im sorry if that sounds like Im being mean, Im just trying to figure out why people wouldnt want to understand how we're all related. (One species.)
@Juicy Jae_99 yes! your do,and i lucky for me i know better than any of yourrrrrrrr POLITICALLY CORRECT" BULLSHIT GURUS" even your paid scientists,also came up with the same bullshit: OUT OF AFRICA!! when the world....existed side by side,once.and there were non such thing as" AFRICA,as we know today and your know about our existence" ? HOW ABOUT YOURS ? WHO CAME FROM THE REPTLIANS..DEMIURGE,,ALIENS BLAHHHHHHHHHH
This explains my folate deficiency and constant depression. I live in south California As a white man. It all makes sense. It’s always felt like my body was telling me to leave here. It’s like I have cancer and I need to still be a productive person.
That kind of makes sense, but it kind of doesnt make sense, because since the establishment of "civilization" (when humans stopped being hunter gatherers) there was an increase in technologies to offset climate effects such as shelter and then way later fans and air conditioning/heating. That is why homo sapiens have pretty much stopped our biological evolution through our inventions. The effect would be juat as large as sunburns in white people. I dont know how much depression is related.
James Lee I believe the effects of folate deficiency would be akin to sunburns. Most people would get deficient in these things naturally when they don’t live where they are adapted to. The government fortifies food with folate and vitamin D. So we already get our “sun screen” without even knowing we need it. I am in a “special” position to gain some better understanding. I have a gene mutation called MTHFR C677T. Which means I can convert very little folate into methylfolate. This only became a problem for me when I moved to California. The strength of the sun is depleting what little folate I converted into methylfolate, I never had depression or any weakness of body until I moved here. I never even knew I had this gene mutation until I moved. So pretty much the sun screen that the government puts in the food is enough for me to feel normal in the north but in the south I still get burned as it were. For most people( 7-15% of the population has this mutation) the vitamins the government puts in the food are enough wherever they live. We don’t live under conditions where most people could even figure this stuff out, they feel fine. To be clear I never knew the sun depleted folate before this video. It’s was like I got slammed with the truth out of nowhere.
Yall not just centuries we talking 2 million years ago. I know cuz of ignorance we have in the world. Some still say they are white are but I always say your not white we are cousins we all have ancestors that migrated out of Africa. Then they look at me like I'm the weird one.
Leporsey is an abomination a mixture really is keeping them with a voice and power. Idea mix and they might not look white. Wake up especially those who still have strong genes of the original man. Down to donating or getting your blood tested. Question did their genetics feel sorry for the melanated when did all that nasty shit to us. We should rather kill the most innocent of them than to keep amongst us. It is our time to choose freely the skin is a marker and not by trickory. The Most High knows and is the ruler of all things nothing is with out The boss turn to The creator and if there is a woman and a man to energies as one. We are not the Males servant.
I meant mix and they might not look black yet get the benefits of our genes. Things grow the best near the equator. North is the manufacturing of that so profit was about that not freeing slaves. Wake up .
When the time comes for the worst of yall the mercy will be to the worst and least mercy of us and lets see who truely endured with out weeping and gashing of teeth with your most innocent. All these diseases are curses. Let my people go.
Shhh they lied - the blind faith forced indoctrination religion of racist savages program called EVOLUTION is a lie programming by polytheist gnostic occultists who believe they are going to through knowledge evolve into lil g
I love my light brown skin. Not to say others are not beautiful. But it seems I could live anywhere and be golden. See what I did there? 😂. Love all humanity. Education is the killer of racism.
I find the study of skin pigmentation truly fascinating. In my own experience I can honestly say that I encounter it with my pets. For example, I have two pugs. One with black hair & one with light hair. My black hair pug is prone to heat exhaustion at a much faster rate than my light hair pug. Also, dark hair pugs are known to have one coat of hair vs their light color counterparts who have two coats. So not only does black attract more sun but with only one coat they are more sensitive to sun rays penetrating the skin. Both pugs who are outside in close proximity and spend exactly the same amount of time outdoors will have very different reactions to sunlight. Thank you for posting this video.
Climatic adaptive mutations.. It also mutates our DNA when we start to adapt to different climates. It changes our bodies, our hair, eyes and facial features.. Everything..
We'll she didn't discuss genetics or support the idea of a so call one specie but it was good information. But the idea of the differences will never be discussed in it's entirety for a list of reasons.
you are quite right, Valins. children should be educated and taught it from their earliest age. if it was done the whole wide world would be such a much better place to live, with every person respecting all the other people, peace among everybody, no wars... there are only 1 (one) human species obviously, whoever speaks differently from this is uneducated, ignorant, and very stupid.
Very well presented, increases my curiousity to learn even more. Always been fascinated and interested by logical explanation of humans as a species. Finally we are starting to see beyond race and more into human beings!
Australia is even to Antarctica and the the Equator and we have some of the blackest tribesman in the world and the same goes for Tasmania that had A very dark skinned race in freezing temperatures for thousands of years but no reversal of pigment and if you look at the south Sudanese they are black as with no wrinkles and same goes for the Indigenous of Australia.
@@kevscranes That's true but eskimos cover up.. So there is no need for body mealin. Does that mean if dark skinned Negroids went to live in the Arctic area they would never become lighter? Does it mean if they lived in Northern Europe sub Arctic area they would? I get the idea that the agricultural life style is less vitamen D rich... But as I said, the Northern European coast line is rich in sea food and its unlikely that becoming agriculturalists would have stopped Northern Europeans still eating lots of fish... At best only the inner areas of Europe would have suffered Vit D. deficiency.. I am, of course, talking of early civilisation and not the gross inequality (including food inequality) within societies that subsequently arose within the last 10,000 years... I am sure you agree that skin colouration differences arose a lot earlier than 10,000 years. I am a scientific illiterate, but my money is still on random genetic mutation plus environment.. Albinism is not the same as European white...But nor are white lions.. They are just much paler than normal lions.. ... And at a disadvantage in the African bush.. Europeans aren't white just very pale.. However there was no disadvantage in the European climate... Just an idea...
I do believe skin adapts and evolves depend on the environment. I used to get easily tanned when I was younger and lived in Puerto Rico.... now it’s 85 degrees and I’m suffocating here in NJ. since I moved to NY from when I was 12. I’m 26now and I prefer cooler climates.
Because you're ignorant, adaptation is not evolution, you're not morphologically turning into someone else, get it? before you sign yourself off as evolving, you first have to know what skin tone mutations are working in your dna. It's not as simple as you think. You're 26 and you prefer cooler climates??? So do Africans who live in Savannah's but they have no other choice but to put up with it, unlike you who has choices of where she wants to live. North East climate is very humid, it's the humidity that you can't stand, not the temperature, we can live with 90 degrees weather until its dry and not humid. Learn honey learn.
@@gundisaluusmenendiz It is you who is ignorant my friend =D Adaptation is crucial part of evolution you muppet =D Also living in very dry climate isn't good for you, just to point that out.
@@duhni4551 what a dunce, are you comparing the dry air in your heating system with living in dry climate instead of humid climate? you're a real fkn dunce. You have no idea wtf you're talking about. Adaption is not evolving dunce, because my skin tone darkens because of the sun is not evolution dunce. It's called tanning in today's standards.
@@gundisaluusmenendiz What's wrong with you? You sound like you need some help. Are you getting off on being so unpleasant? It isn't good for you - you sound like you need some help.
So we were all dark before we migrated more north from Africa meaning the first person who showed up in Europe had dark skin, had kids that had kids that become lighter over time due to environmental changes
Exactly. There are some people who treat their skin color like some kind of religion, and god help anyone who says that it has a biological rather than divine cause. Ethnocentrism is one thing but inventing an entire mythology around skin color is either dishonest or crazy.
Coupal 1 , looks like you did not listened to the whole lecture . She explained the Inuit pigmentation question that you are raising . Listen to the whole talk .
Very poor audio quality. It’s the wrong mic to use in a situation to capture the human voice. This is is capturing room tone and that ruins the listening experience for human voice. Do better, UC
It is an excellent presentation and a great education for all. Especially, in terms of people who discriminate against others on the basis of colour. Bravo Prof.
I'm smoking nothing. Nada! I breathe clean air unfowled by ignorance, hatred, and fear. There's only one human race. What color our outer wrapper is irrelevant and this is understood by those people capable of understanding science and evolution and reason.
L Johnson Humans are a species made up of different races. Skin is irrelevant to race. People like you are the real danger to diversity on this planet.
If enough time passed for changes like skin color, hair color, bone structure to happen, is perhaps a slight alteration in the brain also possible? Maybe to adapt to a more hostile environment and food shortages because of the winter?
I happen to be Polish so I find it pretty cool that you have Polish Lebanese ancestry. So you could be probably Argentinian or US citizen. The profesor´s name is Jablonsky so she´s of Polish descent as well. A great lecture . I as an individual belong to the adaptable skin type - I obtain very quickly natural brown sun tan in the summer
Myron Smith Negroids are not greatest athletes, there is 900 events 46 disciplines Caucasians dominate all of them except 2 Sprints and one jump, so much fo Superior Negroids who are athletes due to slavery
Draven Hurch You should do us all a favor just erase your comment and will all forget you said something so stupid. What is this 900 events and all this other garbage you say? Where did you go to school or should I say where did you obtain such nonsense?
@@dravenhurch9149 maybe we should start focusing on these to see ayy...blacks in america are just waking up...give us some time to regain what yo people stole...we probably created all that shit lmao
@Hungary #1 we're 140years out of slavery...a slavery which lasted 400 years...now we have to break out "The Last 140 years of ENSLAVEMENT"...which is more mental....u feel me!!!
@A melitonin is a form of melanin Mel at the start is the key to this Melanin means black Melanin effects the body in different types of ways it just gets called different things depending on how it regulates the body melatonin is Melanin essentially.
@A melantonin controls pigmentation by aggregation of Melanin into the Melonocytes within the skin, causing the skin to change colour. My point is that Melantonin, Melonocytes all these words that begin with Mel related to the body are related and connected to Melanin don't matter what you call it the Mel is telling you something it falls under the umbrella of Melanin even the name Melanie means black just because a word is slightly different does not mean that it's not related in what it's talking about to another word. The arm or leg are not the same thing but they are both part of the human body you don't have to except that you are incorrect facts are facts Google it for yourself melantonin is connected and part of melanin they are chemically related substance's Google it for yourself don't believe me I only speak on thing's I know not interested in ego or having to be correct.
@A never said they were the same I said they are related substance's according to people that know more then me and you if you have an issue take it up with the experts not me I explained myself and my point very clearly you can't tell me I'm wrong Google what I'm saying you will see for yourself. Saying they are related substance's is not the same as saying they are the same exact thing what's confusing about that they are chemicals that interact with eachother Melanin, melatonin without that reaction you don't have dark skin pigmentation. How ever you cut it you are talking black or black skin Mel look into it for yourself melanin has different chemicals it can break itself into which effect's the body in different ways just because you say Melanin or melantonin you are talking Melanin you are just talking about different chemical substances of Melanin Melonocytes and melantonin interact with melanin don't let the terms throw you off you it's all about Melanin you can look up what I'm saying this is not my opinion so you telling me I'm wrong makes no sense but I know you will continue to disagree because that's all people do these day's anyway that's all I have to say on this now.
MOST Africans are "BROWN" and not "BLACK". Imazighen people come in ALL different colors from Egypt to the Western Sahara and as far south as Mali and Burkina Faso. How can "North African" people not be "African" - They are "African" people by default because that is where they LIVE geographically.
The sad thing about this video is, that it's the first one that youtube decided to show me.. So it makes no sense to watch it cause I don't trust what youtube want me to see.
Albinoid It's the term used around the world to refer to the albinoid "race". They labeled themselves "white" and "Caucasian" but the rest of the world calls them the albinoid race. Europe was even called Albion before it was called Europe. The people around the world know something that we speculated for years A genetic mutation occurred 6,000 & 10,000 years ago and it affected OCA2 gene and that is the reason why Europeans have non pigmented, pale, raw flesh colored, skin. They are a common form of albino. The whole purpose of human skin color is to camouflage us with nature, and protect us from the sun, when we first started out and clothing had not been invented yet.
My ass- Italians have color because they have some African ancestors. Africans (the Moors) ruled over that part of Europe and they mixed in with the population. Modern raw chicken colored Europeans only have a 7 thousand year history max. >>>>> www.google.com/amp/s/relay.nationalgeographic.com/proxy/distribution/public/amp/news/2013/13/130423-european-genetic-history-dna-archaeology-science There are like 6-8 different types of albinism. Some are common and other are rarer and more extreme. Albinos can have pigment in their skin, eyes, and hair. Modern Europeans, or self labeled "white" people are OCA type2 albinos. "White" people are more inbred than other ethnic groups( look it up). The neanderthal went extinct thousands of years before modern Europeans existed. "White" people's skin ages 10-20 years faster than a pigmented/ earth camouflaged human with brown Earthy colored skin. Being "white" is a recessive inbred genetic skin weakness. A common form of Albinism. People of color had albinos that band together and decided to become a "different race" because everyone was scared to mate with you. They thought you were cursed. I know exactly where "Europeans" came from. You are not the original population of any continent on Earth. You are the only people that have zero aboriginal/ indigenous tribAL culture. Not one tribe, or even evidence of one! That's because "white" people spawn from people of color. DNA proves it. Ancient Human remain discoveries prove it.
My ass- Many people are still caught up in that "evolution" bs. There is not one evolutionary benefit to have pink, or really bologna/ meat colored skin. *Humans are warm climate mammals*. Being "white" is a skin weakness that makes it harder to survive in your natral habitat. Humans die is frigid climates. We don't evolve to them. Humans die in water. We don't grow gills or evolve to survive in it.
13.30 "..find mechanisms to protect themselves.. Just a warning there about the use of language in describing circumstances like this. She makes it sound as if organisms are searching in order to find "mechanisms", purpose in other words. This is incorrect, since evolution has no foresight or plan. A better way to put it is "those organisms which displayed characteristics that resulted in fewer deleterious mutations" or something like that. There was no "finding", other than the way a pebble "finds" a hole in a sieve.
seems to me that natural selection could do to humans what artificial selection has done with dogs. If a wolf can end up a Chihuahua after 10000 years of selective breeding, why cant Africans leaving Africa end up as white europeans after 100000 years of natural selection?
Apes have what kind of hair texture? That is probably what hominids had. Then mutations occurred. I figure what worked best over time in the environment became dominant.
@steven davis All human skin is of African origin, skin color shift came from a change in the environment, lighter skin is generally north of the Tropic of Cancer (kinda....and ironically thinking of UV rays). All human beings have the same intake of Vitamin D as related to their MORE RECENT (pre 10,000 yrs) ancestral climates. Darker skin (as with the ancestors of ALL humans) came from equatorial regions of Africa. Didn't you listen to what the video says? Melanin increase and decrease is due to amount of ultra violet rays as related to environmental factors. How is it sub species at all unless it came from one of humans ancestral species, ALL HOMO SAPIENS AND ALL LIFE ON EARTH HAS BEEN EVOLVING FOR THE EXACT SAME AMOUNT OF TIME. All humans not "from Africa" migrated from Africa, that is why Africa has the largest amount of genetic diversity.
That DNA info originated in the DNA of Adam and Eve. All physical characteristics from DNA originated with them. We can only speculate how they must have looked. I'll speculate... tanned skin and wavy hair. Noah's 3 sons is where all the ethnicities of Earth came from... Japheth (light skin), Ham (dark skin), and Shem (the tan skinned, and Semitic races).
It is believed that skull changes are due to diet. In fact, w/in five years I think anthropologists will have to redo the family bush since it is based on skull morphology. It is now known that skull morphology changes very rapidly (w/in a few generations) so all of those long research papers and pie in the sky conclusions based on a fraction of a skull are WORTHLESS. Anthropology assumed that skulls changed very slowly over time. I think that they are still stunned that they may have to throw away 150 years of science based on this faulty misconception. If there is no skeleton, then don't make assumptions or conjecture. Check out the Kennewick Man story.
I don't understand how your first reply got voted down. Everything you wrote was spot on. But it's sexual dimorphism that interest me. In some populations we see that women are fairer than men. Women require high levels of calcium during pregnancy & lactation, & Vitamin D helps with this. If women living away from the equator didn't get enough Vitamin D via their diet, then those with lighter skin mutations would have been more successful at breeding. Such populations would have become fairer.
So in the future the plausible evolution will create men with adaptable skin pigmentation, because we move from places with less to places with more ultraviolet radiation. We will be like Cameleon :))
I dont think so. As far as I know since the established sedentary society about 10,000 years ago we have created different inventions to offset the effects of UV rays and climates like shelter and much later air condotioning and heaters, thats why I think evolutionary biologists say we have essentially halted our biological evolution. I think you would need a biological line developed over 60,000 years or whatever that lived in the elements without shelter or maybe even clothing depending where. Think about how black folks who went to colder climates would of worn more clothing, and than turn brown, than migrate to places where ya freeze your balls of and wear even more clothing. But I think shelter is anot big factor, there doesn't seem to be evidence that humans had perminant shelter until about 10,000 years ago (the so called "birth of civilization")
I knew about skin cancer and vitamin D deficiency. I did not know about folate and immune system problems. I always wondered how skin cancer could impact reproduction since people often reproduce before the cancer comes.
One matter I've always been interested in, but I haven't seen anyone research, are freckles. Freckles occur in monkeys, apes, and humans (yes, I know humans are apes.) After sun exposure, some areas of skin produce larger amounts of pigment in response. These concentrated areas of relatively darker pigment are freckles. But why do they occur? It could be suggested that freckles are areas that have produced extra pigment as a protection from further sun exposures. Or is there another suggestion? But why do they occur in concentrated areas as opposed to a much subtle increase over the entire surface of the skin, or a gradual increase in areas that get the most exposure. For example, a fair-skinned child that spends a day at the beach may get sunburned, and then form freckles across the face. Why not just an increase in pigment across the entire face as opposed to concentrated areas of pigment (freckles,) while most of the face returns to its fair complexion? Why do some skin cells react, while others do not?
+Somkit Perhaps freckles are just variations in skin tone, genetically? Similar to the patterns on cows, cats, dogs, etc. which follows the pattern of (and is visible under) the coat/fur.
WhyDoPeopleRespond AwkwardlyToAwkwardness Ah, it appears that you did not study any higher level biology. So I can't really blame you for your ignorance.
jdtrickster4 She was talking about the early stages of development; i.e. the embryo. Ontogeny (also ontogenesis or morphogenesis) is the origination and development of an organism, usually from the time of fertilization of the egg to the organism's mature form. Yet, the term can be used to refer to the study of the entirety of an organism's lifespan.
freckles are melinin deposits,melinin protects the skin from UV radiation. Descendants of the Wormian ice age (Europeans)do not produce great amounts of it, that why sun screen is needed.
OK. As humans moved from equatorial Africa to higher latitudes, they lost much of their skin pigmentation to aid the production of Vitamin D. But, why did their facial features change? For example, a present day sub-Saharan African would look much different from a Japanese or European if he/she just lost his/her skin pigmentation. Anyway, thanks for the great lecture.
Been living in Canada all my life, none of my black friends took any Vit. D supplements nor did any have rickets (even those who didn't drink or use milk fortified with Vit. D). Nutritional rickets not a Vit. D related disease, lack of Calcium intake is problem). Nobody even knows what the minimum RDI of Vit. D. is necessary to optimize health. Vit D. Trials in humans free of bone and immune deficiency have all returned negative - no benefit (trust me, I'm an MD)
Sorry but that sounds like bunk to me. Context is important - that's why nobody knows what the minimum RDI of anything is to optimise health. It depends on a range of factors. This especially so with something like vitamin D where you could have daily intake of zero vitamin but still have adequate or good levels because the body manufactures its own vitamin D (with adequate sun exposure). As for trials in humans, a meta analysis of RCTs of vitamin D supplementation revealed a significant 7% mortality benefit. jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/413032 And saying that nutritional rickets is not a vitamin D related disease puts you in conflict with the scientific community which seems pretty convinced that vitamin D deficiency rickets is very real.
Robert J. Simpson The hipothesis of Vitamin D related to skin pigmentation has being long debunked but they keep it comming, probably for a lack of better explanation. Eskimos are darker than Europeans and they live long before in the north.
On the other hand, rickets virtually disappeared from the U.K. until we acquired a SE Asian population in the ‘60s. Particularly females as they go out less and are more covered up.
+Richard L I believe that extreme is when athiests or hardcore science fundamentalist's say religion is wrong and that god will never exist, it is absolutely impossible. As you can see the extremities lie within their blind belief that according to science we know everything already.
SirWeedBoy I don't say religion is wrong. I can believe it is good for some people. It's also bad for some people. As far as god goes, there's no proof of anything, only what people believe in.
this is wierd. Im white, and from Canada. I get sunburns in Canada ( no UV???) but I also spent a year in Afghanistan, never used sun block, and never once got a sun burn, unlike in Canada. None of used it.
@Charlie Brown76 I get bad sunburns in Oklahoma,and then in Florida(ft Lauderdale area) but I didn't get the same kind of sunburn in Phoenix Arizona. I'm pretty sure it the humidity playing a part in what's going on. Because the completely dry desert, in Arizona was hotter but you aren't always wet from sweating because it was so hot it dried fast.
No, those without the mutation for lighter skins would have died out. That's natural deselection in action. I'm Irish, we know a thing or two about not being able to tan. We go from really pale to really red, & sore :-(, in one day.
I've never heard ANYONE claim the skin color itself was the causative factor for differences in intellect by race... The correlation has been touted at length, but I doubt many (if any) would ever claim that the color of the skin itself caused differences in intelligence... that would just be... silly.
The map she is using distorts the true size of Africa, this talk is not as objective as it should be, there is cultural bias inherent in having the Europeans explain His Story.
@parasitesarefunny @GodofCider Yes. there are BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES between races. Thanks for stating the obvious. This is very different from the expectations and assumptions that the masses have placed on this color or that color, however. Christ, that's an entirely different conversation altogether. Differences do not equal more or less value but obviously WE make that so. If you're a racist, good for you. But science is far from proving racism to be "correct".
You know how I know skin pigmentation is related to the sun...? When I go out in it, my skin turns brown! I see it happen in days. Now give it tens of thousands of years in areas with much more sun. Nina nailed it.
@sonnegates 1654 With your first point I say right! Exactly, it turns white again because youre out of the sun! Melanin is definitely related to the sun. Thats the purpose of melanin in our skin. I looked up why eskimos dont have white skin and this is what came up... "Eskimos stopped along the way, but kept some of their dark skin colour because they ate Vitamin D-rich seafood. Their diet made completely white skin unnecessary for them to survive." Makes sense to me. Its also all about vitamin D.
@sonnegates 1654 Im saying black peoples skin is black because of the sun in Africa where we all originated. Evolution of skin color takes many thousands of years. Its all evolution my friend, thats why we all look different. And its a great thing.
@sonnegates 1654 So why do you think we are all different colors then? You dont think its related to climate? Then what? We all adapted to earths different climates.
@sonnegates 1654 I read that article. Its interesting... What Nina said somewhere is that white skinned peoples skin in the sun can produce the same amount of vitamin d in 15 minutes as black skinned peoples skin does in 1.5 hours. Im sure she didnt pull that out of her butt.
While the dark skin of some Pacific Islanders can be traced to Africa, gene variants from Eurasia also seem to have made their way back to Africa. And surprisingly, some of the mutations responsible for lighter skin in Europeans turn out to have an ancient African origin. MERRY CHRISTMAS EVERY ONE
No evolution discussed. Need evidence of dysfunctional melanocyte or melanin protein or delivery of melanin to keratinocytes by way of melanocyte bearing dendrites. So far no evidence of (micro)evolution, though I would expect it to be operative.
Only in regions where low pigmented people are not indigenous to, areas high in UV. Just like people with high pigmentation suffer vitamin D deficiency in low UV areas.
Skin color has nothing to do with race...The human race is only one and we evolved to where we are today, according to the area of the earth we live in....Now, we look so different that we call ourselves of different races, today. How big difference there is between Africans and Scandinavians , right???, well, Scandinavians lived on a super cold place and Africans are on the complete opposition, so no wonder, one is so white and the other are so black, and take a look at Australia, where there are most people from the Anglo etnicity...and I will say that this English immigration in Australia will turn into the same looks of the actual aboriginals of the same land in...lets say 2,000 years from now, mainly due to the enviroment that surrounds Australia, but the evolution of the human race, also developed to the point of the shape of the body, specially the face...typical on some are small nose, small lips, or bigger lips, wider nose and the eyes too...typical of Asians are the eyes, wider nose are typical of blacks and many American natives and bigger lips typical of blacks too and whites having a narrow nose with smaller lips, BUT, all humans besides that , looks the same, have you ever seen a human with five eyes??, or three arms??, or four legs??...well, unless you go down and walk on all four, which will be very uncomfortable, HA, we only have two legs, so I WILL SAY, THAT THERE IS ONLY ONE RACE...THE HUMAN RACE AND EVERYBODY LOOKS DIFFERENT, JUST BECAUSE OF THE ENVIROMENT WHERE THEY LIVE....
yaakovha1948 Sure, but all of us are the same, right???or have you ever seen a human with four legs, or two heads???...sure, all of us are the same, but with different looks and way of doing things, due to the environments on which, all of us live...
Joe Molinaro /THERE IS ONLY ONE RACE/ No, there's not. Quoting Wikipedia: "Race is a social concept used to categorize humans into large and distinct populations or groups by anatomical, cultural, ethnic, genetic, geographical, historical, linguistic, religious, and/or social affiliation." Note that for a multitude of reasons, the races that were created separately are physically mixing (living in the same cities) *and* genetically mixing.
Joe Molinaro Sure, but there are differences. Whether we want to call them races or not or whether we want to put any boundaries it's up to us..The notion of race is a social/academic construct. Differences are real.
If my relitives are chimpanzes, please tell me why I still have to go to the zoo to visit my Mother's uncles. People are suggesting that we demand that something humanistically should be done, maybe this year we'll have Thanksgiving at the zoo !!!
Yep I thought that months ago. If we evolved from chimps. There would be no more chimps left. This is all 1 big invention a scientist /genius came up with life as we know it with a machine
All of Australia is South of the equator and all very dark skin, before the advent of Europeans.. All of South America is lighter brown, it crosses the equator and it's southern most tip lies near Antarctica.. Sub-Saharan Africa is all dark skin to the southern tip, away from the equator.. The equator-to-pole theory never held water.. Esquimoes are darker than Nordic people.. On Greenland they both keep their skin tones.. Why did facial features change with changes in skin color.? What about Northern Africa and the Middle East.? they are not all the same shade..
Lighter skin is acquired by natural selection, at latitudes where the sun is not high enough for sufficient vitamin D production with darker skin. The Eskimo exception is because the sun is not a factor that far north, they get VitD from their diet. Facial features are gradually changed by mate selection (not natural selection). For populations which do not intermingle much for 100s or 1000s of generations (and without Hollywood telling us all what we should find attractive) would you expect mate preferences to stay exactly the same everywhere forever?
Mike Blain For me it answered the question of how and why the sun reflecting off the snow and ice created the counterintuitive darkening of Eskimo skin. I also wonder how much their vision has changed due to extreme brightness. Then too, living at high altitude has influenced gene selection. Evolution is exciting and the more you learn the better it gets.
Every human has his own skin color. Nature never created anything the same. No two leaves are alike. There is no such terminology as human pigmentation. The equator implies heat. Explain what heat has to do with color. Folate is new on the nutrition page, Your skin color contains little red, little yellow more black and more white.
She quotes a time 1.8-1.9 million years ago for the first diaspora out of Africa; I have heard it more dated to 100,000 to 80,000 years ago. Even the Neanderthals didn't separate from the human stock populations in Africa until around 800,000 years ago. In particular, it is thought that dispersion didn't commence until after the eruption of Toba 75,000 years ago when the numbers of modern humans was reduced to a dangerous low.
@NostepinNofetchin I wasn't talking about mimicing. I'm saying that conquests have always been taking place and instead of accusing the offspring of certain groups that have actually lead recent conquests, looking at history obviously shows that most people are descended from these types of groups (excluding only possibly the Jarawa, Ainu and the likes). WHat mrs. Jablonski is saying that all people are adapted to their ancestor's environments and that has nothing to do with racial "purity"
We originated as ONE, African, became white... the range is known as white but truly does not exist.. And in the same way black doesn't. But we can say that HUMANS exist...
B “believe”? Evolution in is not to be believed. It is not a belief. It is a fact about the universe, supported by mountain of evidence from multiple different fields of discipline. You either accept reality or you deny it.
First off I'm Black, Second I'm not egotistical I am 100% unapologeticlly African. Biology dude nothing in science is 100% that's why the highest proficiency of anything is 99.99%, it's all flawed. Pigmentation is not geological. If you were more spiritual and understanding you would understand some of what I'm telling you
![OhGeesy x Lefty Gunplay - What It Iz [Official Music Video]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/L0yzW9t2ixk/mqdefault.jpg)
I want to express my appreciation to you for this presentation. I have often thought about this topic. I mostly watch documentaries and/or educational media and I have searched for one that explains the evolution of skin pigmentation for quite some time. I naively searched keywords such as "early European migration and evolution". Of course there was no explanation of skin pigment. I always assumed that the change occurred due to UV light and natural selection. I am so happy I finally found your video that explains the importance of folate and vitamin D. Thanks a million!
The biological perspective of human pigmentation by Dr. Ashley Robins
Your a fool. She bullshitting you.
White skin is abnormal because it is Allergic to sunlight light. White skin needs to be covered up with Melanin to prevents skin cancer.
I'm so happy she mentioned the snow-glare that Inuit get! You can actually go blind from it, it's so severe. They have goggles they used to wear that were just a slit cut in bone to cut the glare.
@Ken Personal you must not live where there is snow.
@Ken Personal your language, English, grammar and spelling is pure Horseshit.
You sound like you grew up in a stable and rarely came out in your whole lifetime.
Ken Personal There’s a reason why people wear shaded snow goggles when they go skiing, bud. Clearly you’re not Canadian.
I was born with red hair and skin so pale all my veins are visible like a road map lol. Skin pigment has always interested me. Now I understand why I have always felt a deep hatred for summer lol. Autumn/Winter/Early Spring is when I'm most comfortable in Kentucky. Ready to move a little further North.
Be patient.
@@johnlomax2502 the coming ice age?
Don’t know why I find your comment so sweet. Former New Yorker and loved it. New Jersey isn’t as bad as they say although parts of the turnpike do stink, lol. I love it up here. The South is just too hot for me.
I live on the WV and KY border. I love the weather here.
I hate the sun
It's really quite simple. Your body is either Earth camouflaged to some degree to blend you in with nature, or you are some form of albino. Brown skin is the normal, and original, human trait. That is why it's the dominant trait.
You can't use the term albino in this sense, your showing your ignorance
@Wet Mustard we wuz kangz
The black man and woman are the original people, doesn't matter if we wuz kangz and shit or not😒
The Neandethal (fair skinned) co-existed with the Homo Sapiens (originally darkskinned) - until the Homo Sapiens took over. Yet both had the same ancestors. The ancestors pf Neanderthals were also originally from the African continent and migrated northwards. Needless to mention that there were also others, not only Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens - but we know less about the _others._
*Fair skinned ppl are still Homo Sapiens.* So heck no!! White ppl aren't "aliens" and for sure not "albinos".
This is a whole new level of Racism that you reached.
Keep in mind: you are hating on your own race/species. Beyond pathetic.
Albinos lack pigmentation. White ppl are still pigmented! Just not as much as Sub-Saharan Africans. If you look at San ppl: they aren't _THAT_ darkskinned after all. So what are the darkest people on earth now? Hyper-pigmented? And also not belonging to the "original" people bc they don't have the "original" skintone?!
Can we just finally accept that the *human race* comes in all shapes and colours?! Or is reality still so "hard" to accept for you?
@@icytakaqi9en947 white people came from the dravidian Albino who migrated with the Mongols in central Asia
“Diversity is one of the greatest invention of evolution and one of man’s greatest reasons to hate.”
James Kulevich
No lady economics and jealousy causes hate against the black man by white people! Darwin’s theory was the answer to what Champollion discovered about the Tamahu!
@@altonpaige2388 vice versa
The comments on this hurt my head. It's simple and informative and then people stun you with their adherence to ignorance.
@SpyingDutchman That would, basically... pretty much sum it up... like it, or not... right???...
Ares... aka
"The Melanin Swede"
THE COMMENT IS NOT SUPPOSEED TO HURT ANY BODY.. WHAT IS ACTUALLY HURTING U IS THE FACTS THAT THIS VIDEO SCIENTIF8CALLY REVEAL.. THERE ARE MORE TRUTH THAT WILL HIT NONE CARBONATED OR LESS MELANITE PEOPLE.. WHEN THE REAL TRUTH AND FACTS COMES TO THE LIGHT...
THERE ARE SOME SCIENTIFIC FACTS MIX WITH LIES.. WHEH U BLACK U BLACK.. WHEN U PINK U PINK... IT IS A FACT THAT DARK SKIN CAN DIGEST ALL RAYS FROM THE SUN AND UNIVERSE.. EVEN THEIR EYES CAN DIGEST THE SUN...
This video is from 2009. Since that time the multiple genetic mutations that she predicted would control skin pigmentation have been found. Dark skin has evolved at least four separate times, and light skin three times. Considering all the other genetic variables that have since been discovered it turns out that skin pigmentation is really one of the most *minor* of the variations in the human species, even if it's the most obvious.
So dark skin has gone to light skin at least 4 times, and light skin to dark skin 3 times on earth?
@@musicisbrilliant These were separate events, not waves of dark/light/dark/etc. The dark skin of the Australian aborigines is controlled by a different gene than that of the people of Africa or the Amazon. (I think the fourth was southern India, too lazy to look it up at the moment.) The light skin of Europeans is controlled by a different gene than that of Asia/America or the Neanderthals.
@@cuscof2 Very interesting... Im trying to understand it better, thanks for your reply.
This is your opinion, not a fact. You wrong on everything you just said especially when you mentioned that skin pigmentation is one of the most minors. Coming from someone that doesn't even know what melanin is or how important it is. I can easily prove to you that your opinion is wrong.
@@afro_samurai543 If it's so easy then please do so. I like learning new things, and if I'm wrong I freely admit it.
Man has always been a product of climate, region and environment, It's called genetic survival or process of adaptation.
ronald matthews it’s the process of adaptation . White folks and black folks are all the same. In order to perpetuate and dominate slavery, the term race were coined in the early 1900s .
Black peoples organs are worth more, melanin is worth more than gold, how are black and white people the same?
@@shaqatwinters3180 are they worth more? How much do you pay?
Alicia Headrick As of January 2, 2020 Melanin is worth $445 a gram. Gold is worth $49.09 a gram. That means melanin is worth over $395 a a gram more than gold. Melanin is worth more than gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium and coltan combined.
@@shaqatwinters3180 were not the same l agree my blood type is European rhd0 neg l believe there was 2 tribes
45:00 She just blew my mind on tanning. I always wondered why some people can tan easily and others cannot.
It is called melanin, some people have more melanin in their skin than other so the pigmentation turn darker in the skin because of the melanin as long as a person stay in the sun.
William White Thanks for repeating something I already knew about. Even if I did not already know that, I watched the entire video.
I think you did not click on my link before you commented. I was referring to the latitude differences in regards to tanning.
@@willjoful there's different types to
What she's basically said was that at first human populations were black and then they became white
No, she is saying that the amount of melanin in the skin is an adaptation -- a protection -- to harmful UV light exposure coming from the sun. And that this is unrelated to other human DNA evolutionary processes. The implication is that if a white population moves to the equator they will eventually develop increased melanin in the skin. Equaly, if a black population moves to the Northern hemisphere they will also eventually develop reduced melanin to get enough essential vitamin D from the reduced sunlight exposure...
@@daNorse if a white person moved to the equator they die shortly of skin cancer, bottom line somebody from the Caucasian race needs to explain how there could be people on the planet that can't survive under the sun without sunscreen, furthermore where do y'all come from seriously,reason we can't ever get along because we don't really know who y'all are,you don't just pop up out of nowhere talking about were the same?? Who are you???????
@@kasanova44burn Evolutionary processes takes 10s and 100s of thousand years. It does not happen within one or two generations...
@@daNorse evolve from what we been on this planet for ions literally,no fossil records of existence,the time has come to clean our house, been cool getting to try to know each other evictions are here and rent is due
@Dee Jaye you mean such as yourself?
No. The group classification is still in effect. That's why they ask you for such information when filling out a job application, applying for school, and anything else requiring such information.
What a smart person and great communicator! You have added to. my understanding of health, in particular cancer, and in particular ways of treating my advanced prostate cancer.
Great video not only for enthusiasts but for whole family!
You found this to be a good video??🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣read more P
I feel like this lecture could've been completed in half the time
Right!! She said soooo much, yet nothing at all...lol
Yes I sped it up to a playback speed of 1.50.
Half the time, five minutes.
Strongest Current in the Hebrew Seas, she is trying to be delicate and respectful to those who are sensitive about skin color origin and ancestral homelands.
@@cadguy262
They left here black and came back white, we can never live in peace
Gamal Nasser former president of Egypt
Knowledge is worth golden, this woman has given us something valuable. It´s fascinating.
TO THE HERDS? MAYBE HUH?
THE NON INTELLIGENTE HERDS
SHE IS A PROGRAMMED MORON
EVEN AN AMOEBA,KNOWS THIS POLITICALLY CORRECT RUBBISH THAT SHE KNOWS
EVEN MY BLACK CAT IS WHITE INSIDE! ONLY HER FUR IS BLACK
@@meta-etherealinfo2445 Are you going to provide evidence, or just scream like an angry person? Just curious, are you religious?
@@meta-etherealinfo2445 Im sorry if that sounds like Im being mean, Im just trying to figure out why people wouldnt want to understand how we're all related. (One species.)
@@meta-etherealinfo2445 omg finally someone that agrees with me yes she is social engeneering for sure cant stand her programmed mind
@Juicy Jae_99
yes! your do,and i lucky for me i know better than any of yourrrrrrrr
POLITICALLY CORRECT" BULLSHIT GURUS"
even your paid scientists,also came up with the same bullshit:
OUT OF AFRICA!!
when the world....existed side by side,once.and there were non such thing as" AFRICA,as we know today
and your know about our existence" ? HOW ABOUT YOURS ? WHO CAME FROM THE REPTLIANS..DEMIURGE,,ALIENS
BLAHHHHHHHHHH
This explains my folate deficiency and constant depression. I live in south California As a white man. It all makes sense. It’s always felt like my body was telling me to leave here. It’s like I have cancer and I need to still be a productive person.
That kind of makes sense, but it kind of doesnt make sense, because since the establishment of "civilization" (when humans stopped being hunter gatherers) there was an increase in technologies to offset climate effects such as shelter and then way later fans and air conditioning/heating. That is why homo sapiens have pretty much stopped our biological evolution through our inventions.
The effect would be juat as large as sunburns in white people. I dont know how much depression is related.
James Lee I believe the effects of folate deficiency would be akin to sunburns. Most people would get deficient in these things naturally when they don’t live where they are adapted to.
The government fortifies food with folate and vitamin D. So we already get our “sun screen” without even knowing we need it.
I am in a “special” position to gain some better understanding. I have a gene mutation called MTHFR C677T. Which means I can convert very little folate into methylfolate. This only became a problem for me when I moved to California. The strength of the sun is depleting what little folate I converted into methylfolate, I never had depression or any weakness of body until I moved here. I never even knew I had this gene mutation until I moved. So pretty much the sun screen that the government puts in the food is enough for me to feel normal in the north but in the south I still get burned as it were. For most people( 7-15% of the population has this mutation) the vitamins the government puts in the food are enough wherever they live. We don’t live under conditions where most people could even figure this stuff out, they feel fine.
To be clear I never knew the sun depleted folate before this video. It’s was like I got slammed with the truth out of nowhere.
We are all of the Earth, just depends on our migration from Africa centuries ago, as we evolved in our SKIN TONE.
Not evolution, adaptation.
Yall not just centuries we talking 2 million years ago. I know cuz of ignorance we have in the world. Some still say they are white are but I always say your not white we are cousins we all have ancestors that migrated out of Africa. Then they look at me like I'm the weird one.
Leporsey is an abomination a mixture really is keeping them with a voice and power. Idea mix and they might not look white. Wake up especially those who still have strong genes of the original man. Down to donating or getting your blood tested. Question did their genetics feel sorry for the melanated when did all that nasty shit to us. We should rather kill the most innocent of them than to keep amongst us. It is our time to choose freely the skin is a marker and not by trickory. The Most High knows and is the ruler of all things nothing is with out The boss turn to The creator and if there is a woman and a man to energies as one. We are not the Males servant.
I meant mix and they might not look black yet get the benefits of our genes. Things grow the best near the equator. North is the manufacturing of that so profit was about that not freeing slaves. Wake up .
When the time comes for the worst of yall the mercy will be to the worst and least mercy of us and lets see who truely endured with out weeping and gashing of teeth with your most innocent. All these diseases are curses. Let my people go.
human evolution and how it reflects in skin colour si so important! this class was awesome
Shhh they lied - the blind faith forced indoctrination religion of racist savages program called EVOLUTION is a lie programming by polytheist gnostic occultists who believe they are going to through knowledge evolve into lil g
Out of the 6 different kinds and evolution only one is proven by the SCIENTIFIC METHOD and there's no change from one kind to another kind.
Evolution or migration
I love my light brown skin. Not to say others are not beautiful. But it seems I could live anywhere and be golden. See what I did there? 😂. Love all humanity. Education is the killer of racism.
@Sophie 3,000 Thank you.
I find the study of skin pigmentation truly fascinating. In my own experience I can honestly say that I encounter it with my pets. For example, I have two pugs. One with black hair & one with light hair. My black hair pug is prone to heat exhaustion at a much faster rate than my light hair pug. Also, dark hair pugs are known to have one coat of hair vs their light color counterparts who have two coats. So not only does black attract more sun but with only one coat they are more sensitive to sun rays penetrating the skin. Both pugs who are outside in close proximity and spend exactly the same amount of time outdoors will have very different reactions to sunlight. Thank you for posting this video.
Climatic adaptive mutations..
It also mutates our DNA when we start to adapt to different climates. It changes our bodies, our hair, eyes and facial features.. Everything..
A brilliant lecture ! Congratulations !
Thank you for taking the time to educate. Maybe this teaching can help closed minded people to realize that we are one species. Simply mankind.
We'll she didn't discuss genetics or support the idea of a so call one specie but it was good information. But the idea of the differences will never be discussed in it's entirety for a list of reasons.
@@tonygoss8316 Explain all the differences then all reasons they’re not being explained.
Stop it... Mankind simply means different kind. Black People are the Original, the rest are kind of Man.
you are quite right, Valins. children should be educated and taught it from their earliest age. if it was done the whole wide world would be such a much better place to live, with every person respecting all the other people, peace among everybody, no wars... there are only 1 (one) human species obviously, whoever speaks differently from this is uneducated, ignorant, and very stupid.
If all humans had the same pigmentation we would start to differentiate based on height and weight, humans gotta human.
Very well presented, increases my curiousity to learn even more. Always been fascinated and interested by logical explanation of humans as a species. Finally we are starting to see beyond race and more into human beings!
Australia is even to Antarctica and the the Equator and we have some of the blackest tribesman in the world and the same goes for Tasmania that had A very dark skinned race in freezing temperatures for thousands of years but no reversal of pigment and if you look at the south Sudanese they are black as with no wrinkles and same goes for the Indigenous of Australia.
they must have had a vitamin d rich diet
The sun is still very intense when reflected off of snow and ice .
@@kevscranes But eskimos are not light skinned?
@@pyellard3013 A lot of UV reflection off snow and ice you burn quick with out protection.
@@kevscranes That's true but eskimos cover up.. So there is no need for body mealin. Does that mean if dark skinned Negroids went to live in the Arctic area they would never become lighter? Does it mean if they lived in Northern Europe sub Arctic area they would? I get the idea that the agricultural life style is less vitamen D rich... But as I said, the Northern European coast line is rich in sea food and its unlikely that becoming agriculturalists would have stopped Northern Europeans still eating lots of fish... At best only the inner areas of Europe would have suffered Vit D.
deficiency.. I am, of course, talking of early civilisation and not the gross inequality (including food inequality) within societies that subsequently arose within the last 10,000 years... I am sure you agree that skin colouration differences arose a lot earlier than 10,000 years.
I am a scientific illiterate, but my money is still on random genetic mutation plus environment.. Albinism is not the same as European white...But nor are white lions.. They are just much paler than normal lions.. ... And at a disadvantage in the African bush.. Europeans aren't white just very pale.. However there was no disadvantage in the European climate... Just an idea...
I do believe skin adapts and evolves depend on the environment. I used to get easily tanned when I was younger and lived in Puerto Rico.... now it’s 85 degrees and I’m suffocating here in NJ. since I moved to NY from when I was 12. I’m 26now and I prefer cooler climates.
Because you're ignorant, adaptation is not evolution, you're not morphologically turning into someone else, get it?
before you sign yourself off as evolving, you first have to know what skin tone mutations are working in your dna.
It's not as simple as you think.
You're 26 and you prefer cooler climates???
So do Africans who live in Savannah's but they have no other choice but to put up with it, unlike you who has choices of where she wants to live.
North East climate is very humid, it's the humidity that you can't stand, not the temperature, we can live with 90 degrees weather until its dry and not humid.
Learn honey learn.
@@gundisaluusmenendiz It is you who is ignorant my friend =D Adaptation is crucial part of evolution you muppet =D Also living in very dry climate isn't good for you, just to point that out.
@@duhni4551 what a dunce, are you comparing the dry air in your heating system with living in dry climate instead of humid climate?
you're a real fkn dunce. You have no idea wtf you're talking about.
Adaption is not evolving dunce, because my skin tone darkens because of the sun is not evolution dunce. It's called tanning in today's standards.
@@gundisaluusmenendiz What's wrong with you? You sound like you need some help. Are you getting off on being so unpleasant? It isn't good for you - you sound like you need some help.
@@straighttalking2090 because I'm tired of dealing with idiots like you.
This lecture single handily ended racism.
Appreciate the education, don't think my teachers were at liberty to teach this when I was in school. Thanks.
So we were all dark before we migrated more north from Africa meaning the first person who showed up in Europe had dark skin, had kids that had kids that become lighter over time due to environmental changes
this is great info!
Exactly.
There are some people who treat their skin color like some kind of religion, and god help anyone who says that it has a biological rather than divine cause.
Ethnocentrism is one thing but inventing an entire mythology around skin color is either dishonest or crazy.
If it was climate which influenced the evolution of skin pigmentation, why are the Inuit quite dark skinned?
Coupal 1 , looks like you did not listened to the whole lecture . She explained the Inuit pigmentation question that you are raising . Listen to the whole talk .
All i gotta say is... Thank GOD that im a very dark skin black man.
Very poor audio quality. It’s the wrong mic to use in a situation to capture the human voice. This is is capturing room tone and that ruins the listening experience for human voice. Do better, UC
It is an excellent presentation and a great education for all. Especially, in terms of people who discriminate against others on the basis of colour. Bravo Prof.
+Paul Gbeze proof what? it's never been color. its behavior. skin doesnt determine race.
Exactly! Race is a social and political construct imagined to oppress other people who look different. Race isn't biology, it's ignorance.
L Johnson Lmao!! Wtf are you smoking?
I'm smoking nothing. Nada! I breathe clean air unfowled by ignorance, hatred, and fear. There's only one human race. What color our outer wrapper is irrelevant and this is understood by those people capable of understanding science and evolution and reason.
L Johnson Humans are a species made up of different races. Skin is irrelevant to race. People like you are the real danger to diversity on this planet.
An excellent and fascinating lecture. Thanks for uploading.
If enough time passed for changes like skin color, hair color, bone structure to happen, is perhaps a slight alteration in the brain also possible? Maybe to adapt to a more hostile environment and food shortages because of the winter?
skin pigmentation had different hues but the mixing of humans and neanderthals further created different complexions.
as they all will in time.
I happen to be Polish so I find it pretty cool that you have Polish Lebanese ancestry. So you could be probably Argentinian or US citizen. The profesor´s name is Jablonsky so she´s of Polish descent as well. A great lecture . I as an individual belong to the adaptable skin type - I obtain very quickly natural brown sun tan in the summer
Tan Akw polish helped the Haitians during the war... just thought I’d say that lol
I have had friends from Eastern Europe and part Polish who have blonde hair and tan very well.
Great chat
Simply extensively Researched,?? Continued?
Why are we the greatest athletes on the planet if were so weak and ready to fall apart with our black skin
Myron Smith Negroids are not greatest athletes, there is 900 events 46 disciplines Caucasians dominate all of them except 2 Sprints and one jump, so much fo Superior Negroids who are athletes due to slavery
false statics.
Draven Hurch You should do us all a favor just erase your comment and will all forget you said something so stupid. What is this 900 events and all this other garbage you say? Where did you go to school or should I say where did you obtain such nonsense?
@@dravenhurch9149 maybe we should start focusing on these to see ayy...blacks in america are just waking up...give us some time to regain what yo people stole...we probably created all that shit lmao
@Hungary #1 we're 140years out of slavery...a slavery which lasted 400 years...now we have to break out "The Last 140 years of ENSLAVEMENT"...which is more mental....u feel me!!!
Fantastic work.
Update pineal gland produces skin color.
...or lack off
@A melitonin is a form of melanin Mel at the start is the key to this Melanin means black Melanin effects the body in different types of ways it just gets called different things depending on how it regulates the body melatonin is Melanin essentially.
@A melanin is not just a pigmentation.
@A melantonin controls pigmentation by aggregation of Melanin into the Melonocytes within the skin, causing the skin to change colour. My point is that Melantonin, Melonocytes all these words that begin with Mel related to the body are related and connected to Melanin don't matter what you call it the Mel is telling you something it falls under the umbrella of Melanin even the name Melanie means black just because a word is slightly different does not mean that it's not related in what it's talking about to another word. The arm or leg are not the same thing but they are both part of the human body you don't have to except that you are incorrect facts are facts Google it for yourself melantonin is connected and part of melanin they are chemically related substance's Google it for yourself don't believe me I only speak on thing's I know not interested in ego or having to be correct.
@A never said they were the same I said they are related substance's according to people that know more then me and you if you have an issue take it up with the experts not me I explained myself and my point very clearly you can't tell me I'm wrong Google what I'm saying you will see for yourself. Saying they are related substance's is not the same as saying they are the same exact thing what's confusing about that they are chemicals that interact with eachother Melanin, melatonin without that reaction you don't have dark skin pigmentation. How ever you cut it you are talking black or black skin Mel look into it for yourself melanin has different chemicals it can break itself into which effect's the body in different ways just because you say Melanin or melantonin you are talking Melanin you are just talking about different chemical substances of Melanin Melonocytes and melantonin interact with melanin don't let the terms throw you off you it's all about Melanin you can look up what I'm saying this is not my opinion so you telling me I'm wrong makes no sense but I know you will continue to disagree because that's all people do these day's anyway that's all I have to say on this now.
MOST Africans are "BROWN" and not "BLACK". Imazighen people come in ALL different colors from Egypt to the Western Sahara and as far south as Mali and Burkina Faso.
How can "North African" people not be "African" - They are "African" people by default because that is where they LIVE geographically.
99.98% of the scientific community accepts Darwin's theory of evolution.
That's no coincidence
Bullshit
@@MyAb111 indeed, 99.99% is more correct.
Great presentation. What about the hair?
Hungary #1 calling you a child would be insulting to my 4 year old niece
Ishieka Morris I would also love to know more about that
So we're we all white before we lost our hair?
Probably. Most mammals have light skin under their hair .
The environment makes the race. It is that simple !
You need to read and get off the internet for education
The sad thing about this video is, that it's the first one that youtube decided to show me.. So it makes no sense to watch it cause I don't trust what youtube want me to see.
I fell for it.. took notes, even
It's an excellent lecture.
Then you trust nothing i would think that you would have to make up what you think is true.
Albinoid
It's the term used around the world to refer to the albinoid "race". They labeled themselves "white" and "Caucasian" but the rest of the world calls them the albinoid race. Europe was even called Albion before it was called Europe.
The people around the world know something that we speculated for years
A genetic mutation occurred 6,000 & 10,000 years ago and it affected OCA2 gene and that is the reason why Europeans have non pigmented, pale, raw flesh colored, skin. They are a common form of albino. The whole purpose of human skin color is to camouflage us with nature, and protect us from the sun, when we first started out and clothing had not been invented yet.
My ass- Italians have color because they have some African ancestors. Africans (the Moors) ruled over that part of Europe and they mixed in with the population.
Modern raw chicken colored Europeans only have a 7 thousand year history max. >>>>> www.google.com/amp/s/relay.nationalgeographic.com/proxy/distribution/public/amp/news/2013/13/130423-european-genetic-history-dna-archaeology-science
There are like 6-8 different types of albinism. Some are common and other are rarer and more extreme. Albinos can have pigment in their skin, eyes, and hair. Modern Europeans, or self labeled "white" people are OCA type2 albinos. "White" people are more inbred than other ethnic groups( look it up). The neanderthal went extinct thousands of years before modern Europeans existed. "White" people's skin ages 10-20 years faster than a pigmented/ earth camouflaged human with brown Earthy colored skin. Being "white" is a recessive inbred genetic skin weakness. A common form of Albinism. People of color had albinos that band together and decided to become a "different race" because everyone was scared to mate with you. They thought you were cursed. I know exactly where "Europeans" came from. You are not the original population of any continent on Earth. You are the only people that have zero aboriginal/ indigenous tribAL culture. Not one tribe, or even evidence of one! That's because "white" people spawn from people of color. DNA proves it. Ancient Human remain discoveries prove it.
My ass- Many people are still caught up in that "evolution" bs. There is not one evolutionary benefit to have pink, or really bologna/ meat colored skin. *Humans are warm climate mammals*. Being "white" is a skin weakness that makes it harder to survive in your natral habitat. Humans die is frigid climates. We don't evolve to them. Humans die in water. We don't grow gills or evolve to survive in it.
@@MyAb111 David reich look his work up, neanderthaler genes live still on in modern white man and in asian man.
13.30 "..find mechanisms to protect themselves.. Just a warning there about the use of language in describing circumstances like this. She makes it sound as if organisms are searching in order to find "mechanisms", purpose in other words. This is incorrect, since evolution has no foresight or plan. A better way to put it is "those organisms which displayed characteristics that resulted in fewer deleterious mutations" or something like that. There was no "finding", other than the way a pebble "finds" a hole in a sieve.
Delusional
seems to me that natural selection could do to humans what artificial selection has done with dogs. If a wolf can end up a Chihuahua after 10000 years of selective breeding, why cant Africans leaving Africa end up as white europeans after 100000 years of natural selection?
How do you explain the hair texture difference?
That's a really good question...
Apes have what kind of hair texture? That is probably what hominids had. Then mutations occurred. I figure what worked best over time in the environment became dominant.
@steven davis
All human skin is of African origin, skin color shift came from a change in the environment, lighter skin is generally north of the Tropic of Cancer (kinda....and ironically thinking of UV rays). All human beings have the same intake of Vitamin D as related to their MORE RECENT (pre 10,000 yrs) ancestral climates. Darker skin (as with the ancestors of ALL humans) came from equatorial regions of Africa.
Didn't you listen to what the video says? Melanin increase and decrease is due to amount of ultra violet rays as related to environmental factors.
How is it sub species at all unless it came from one of humans ancestral species, ALL HOMO SAPIENS AND ALL LIFE ON EARTH HAS BEEN EVOLVING FOR THE EXACT SAME AMOUNT OF TIME. All humans not "from Africa" migrated from Africa, that is why Africa has the largest amount of genetic diversity.
That DNA info originated in the DNA of Adam and Eve. All physical characteristics from DNA originated with them. We can only speculate how they must have looked. I'll speculate... tanned skin and wavy hair.
Noah's 3 sons is where all the ethnicities of Earth came from... Japheth (light skin), Ham (dark skin), and Shem (the tan skinned, and Semitic races).
@@whatabouttheearth not true that doesn't explain humans found in Europe the same age as African ones nor does it explain my blood, science is clear
How did I get from watching Matthew Santoro, to this???
Dont know who Matthew..... is, but definitely know what you mean!! Lol
The texture of the hair protects from the Sun.
As well as the skin adapted to the environment, so did the hair.
So does UVA have an effect on bone structure? Because of the different skull types?
It is believed that skull changes are due to diet. In fact, w/in five years I think anthropologists will have to redo the family bush since it is based on skull morphology. It is now known that skull morphology changes very rapidly (w/in a few generations) so all of those long research papers and pie in the sky conclusions based on a fraction of a skull are WORTHLESS. Anthropology assumed that skulls changed very slowly over time. I think that they are still stunned that they may have to throw away 150 years of science based on this faulty misconception. If there is no skeleton, then don't make assumptions or conjecture. Check out the Kennewick Man story.
Excellent Job! Nina Jablonski exposed us to the radiation of evolutionary science!
I don't understand how your first reply got voted down. Everything you wrote was spot on.
But it's sexual dimorphism that interest me. In some populations we see that women are fairer than men. Women require high levels of calcium during pregnancy & lactation, & Vitamin D helps with this.
If women living away from the equator didn't get enough Vitamin D via their diet, then those with lighter skin mutations would have been more successful at breeding. Such populations would have become fairer.
So in the future the plausible evolution will create men with adaptable skin pigmentation, because we move from places with less to places with more ultraviolet radiation. We will be like Cameleon :))
Black one's for sure. Climate is pointing strongly to survival of the fittest to withstand the hottest temps,
We already have that people who are brown mixed race black and white people.
Justice Keyes Temperature and UV radiation aren’t necessarily that closely related. Heat is infrared radiation.
I dont think so. As far as I know since the established sedentary society about 10,000 years ago we have created different inventions to offset the effects of UV rays and climates like shelter and much later air condotioning and heaters, thats why I think evolutionary biologists say we have essentially halted our biological evolution. I think you would need a biological line developed over 60,000 years or whatever that lived in the elements without shelter or maybe even clothing depending where. Think about how black folks who went to colder climates would of worn more clothing, and than turn brown, than migrate to places where ya freeze your balls of and wear even more clothing. But I think shelter is anot big factor, there doesn't seem to be evidence that humans had perminant shelter until about 10,000 years ago (the so called "birth of civilization")
Good presentation skills.
I knew about skin cancer and vitamin D deficiency. I did not know about folate and immune system problems. I always wondered how skin cancer could impact reproduction since people often reproduce before the cancer comes.
Perhaps a tiny advantage to tribes that have the memories and wisdom of the elders ?
Absolutely amazing.
One matter I've always been interested in, but I haven't seen anyone research, are freckles. Freckles occur in monkeys, apes, and humans (yes, I know humans are apes.) After sun exposure, some areas of skin produce larger amounts of pigment in response. These concentrated areas of relatively darker pigment are freckles. But why do they occur?
It could be suggested that freckles are areas that have produced extra pigment as a protection from further sun exposures. Or is there another suggestion? But why do they occur in concentrated areas as opposed to a much subtle increase over the entire surface of the skin, or a gradual increase in areas that get the most exposure. For example, a fair-skinned child that spends a day at the beach may get sunburned, and then form freckles across the face. Why not just an increase in pigment across the entire face as opposed to concentrated areas of pigment (freckles,) while most of the face returns to its fair complexion?
Why do some skin cells react, while others do not?
+Somkit
Perhaps freckles are just variations in skin tone, genetically? Similar to the patterns on cows, cats, dogs, etc. which follows the pattern of (and is visible under) the coat/fur.
WhyDoPeopleRespond AwkwardlyToAwkwardness Ah, it appears that you did not study any higher level biology. So I can't really blame you for your ignorance.
jdtrickster4 She was talking about the early stages of development; i.e. the embryo.
Ontogeny (also ontogenesis or morphogenesis) is the origination and development of an organism, usually from the time of fertilization of the egg to the organism's mature form. Yet, the term can be used to refer to the study of the entirety of an organism's lifespan.
M Jo Thank you very much for your explanation. You really explained it well for me. And thank you for the links too. It helped a lot.
freckles are melinin deposits,melinin protects the skin from UV radiation. Descendants of the Wormian ice age (Europeans)do not produce great amounts of it, that why sun screen is needed.
OK. As humans moved from equatorial Africa to higher latitudes, they lost much of their skin pigmentation to aid the production of Vitamin D. But, why did their facial features change? For example, a present day sub-Saharan African would look much different from a Japanese or European if he/she just lost his/her skin pigmentation. Anyway, thanks for the great lecture.
Hmm... interbreeding with archaic humans like Denisovan and Neanderthal... perhaps that plays a part.
Been living in Canada all my life, none of my black friends took any Vit. D supplements nor did any have rickets (even those who didn't drink or use milk fortified with Vit. D). Nutritional rickets not a Vit. D related disease, lack of Calcium intake is problem). Nobody even knows what the minimum RDI of Vit. D. is necessary to optimize health. Vit D. Trials in humans free of bone and immune deficiency have all returned negative - no benefit (trust me, I'm an MD)
Robert J. Simpson interesting
Sorry but that sounds like bunk to me. Context is important - that's why nobody knows what the minimum RDI of anything is to optimise health. It depends on a range of factors. This especially so with something like vitamin D where you could have daily intake of zero vitamin but still have adequate or good levels because the body manufactures its own vitamin D (with adequate sun exposure).
As for trials in humans, a meta analysis of RCTs of vitamin D supplementation revealed a significant 7% mortality benefit.
jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/413032
And saying that nutritional rickets is not a vitamin D related disease puts you in conflict with the scientific community which seems pretty convinced that vitamin D deficiency rickets is very real.
Robert J. Simpson The hipothesis of Vitamin D related to skin pigmentation has being long debunked but they keep it comming, probably for a lack of better explanation.
Eskimos are darker than Europeans and they live long before in the north.
On the other hand, rickets virtually disappeared from the U.K. until we acquired a SE Asian population in the ‘60s. Particularly females as they go out less and are more covered up.
I know many "MDs" that "believe " that races of Sapiens exist. And I know many "MDs" that "believe" that NOAH had dinosaurs on his Ark.
This is a great video
Thank you, Dr Jablonski…
She said humans have naked skin do to an "active lifestyle in tropical environments"....so does that mean gorillas and chimpanzees are inactive?
Yes by comparison. We have evolved to do endurance walking/running, other primates stick to their part of the forest
The ignorance of anti-science right wing fundamentalist Christians, hurts my head.
+Richard L Mine too, but then there's the other extreme which is much the same.
James Preston Thomas Which extreme is that ?
+Richard L I believe that extreme is when athiests or hardcore science fundamentalist's say religion is wrong and that god will never exist, it is absolutely impossible. As you can see the extremities lie within their blind belief that according to science we know everything already.
SirWeedBoy I don't say religion is wrong. I can believe it is good for some people. It's also bad for some people. As far as god goes, there's no proof of anything, only what people believe in.
+SirWeedBoy
Not an argument.
who are u talking to?
She thinks she's talking to a crowd of idiots.
this is wierd. Im white, and from Canada. I get sunburns in Canada ( no UV???) but I also spent a year in Afghanistan, never used sun block, and never once got a sun burn, unlike in Canada. None of used it.
@Akon Ali fuck no, its boiling in summer
@Charlie Brown76 I get bad sunburns in Oklahoma,and then in Florida(ft Lauderdale area) but I didn't get the same kind of sunburn in Phoenix Arizona. I'm pretty sure it the humidity playing a part in what's going on. Because the completely dry desert, in Arizona was hotter but you aren't always wet from sweating because it was so hot it dried fast.
No, those without the mutation for lighter skins would have died out. That's natural deselection in action.
I'm Irish, we know a thing or two about not being able to tan. We go from really pale to really red, & sore :-(, in one day.
Sir available the genetic surgery for skin complexion change.... Plzz tell me us
I've never heard ANYONE claim the skin color itself was the causative factor for differences in intellect by race... The correlation has been touted at length, but I doubt many (if any) would ever claim that the color of the skin itself caused differences in intelligence... that would just be... silly.
Check out darwin and many others
The map she is using distorts the true size of Africa, this talk is not as objective as it should be, there is cultural bias inherent in having the Europeans explain His Story.
@parasitesarefunny @GodofCider Yes. there are BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES between races. Thanks for stating the obvious. This is very different from the expectations and assumptions that the masses have placed on this color or that color, however. Christ, that's an entirely different conversation altogether. Differences do not equal more or less value but obviously WE make that so. If you're a racist, good for you. But science is far from proving racism to be "correct".
Love, you Nina!
You know how I know skin pigmentation is related to the sun...? When I go out in it, my skin turns brown! I see it happen in days. Now give it tens of thousands of years in areas with much more sun. Nina nailed it.
@sonnegates 1654 With your first point I say right! Exactly, it turns white again because youre out of the sun! Melanin is definitely related to the sun. Thats the purpose of melanin in our skin. I looked up why eskimos dont have white skin and this is what came up... "Eskimos stopped along the way, but kept some of their dark skin colour because they ate Vitamin D-rich seafood. Their diet made completely white skin unnecessary for them to survive." Makes sense to me. Its also all about vitamin D.
@sonnegates 1654 Im saying black peoples skin is black because of the sun in Africa where we all originated. Evolution of skin color takes many thousands of years. Its all evolution my friend, thats why we all look different. And its a great thing.
@sonnegates 1654 So why do you think we are all different colors then? You dont think its related to climate? Then what? We all adapted to earths different climates.
@sonnegates 1654 I read that article. Its interesting... What Nina said somewhere is that white skinned peoples skin in the sun can produce the same amount of vitamin d in 15 minutes as black skinned peoples skin does in 1.5 hours. Im sure she didnt pull that out of her butt.
@sonnegates 1654 Thats a great question. Gotta look into it!
While the dark skin of some Pacific Islanders can be traced to Africa, gene variants from Eurasia also seem to have made their way back to Africa. And surprisingly, some of the mutations responsible for lighter skin in Europeans turn out to have an ancient African origin. MERRY CHRISTMAS EVERY ONE
Yep..
That's uh... That's about all of it
look or re-watch this with 2xspeed video play. thank me l8tr
Thank you! ❤️ ❤️ ❤️
Thank you. That really worked. I think I'll watch more videos this way. Kind of speed reading.
This comment:
Illuminati confirmed....ADD not confirmed
No evolution discussed. Need evidence of dysfunctional melanocyte or melanin protein or delivery of melanin to keratinocytes by way of melanocyte bearing dendrites. So far no evidence of (micro)evolution, though I would expect it to be operative.
2:00 Illuminati confirmed.
You’re on the wrong side RUclips dude, this is the SCIENCE section.
👋🏼
Carmen G so true and too funny 👋🏽🤣
Existence of Latin language confirmed
I skipped some parts. Did she mention how low pigmented people get skin cancer a lot?
Only in regions where low pigmented people are not indigenous to, areas high in UV. Just like people with high pigmentation suffer vitamin D deficiency in low UV areas.
Skin color has nothing to do with race...The human race is only one and we evolved to where we are today, according to the area of the earth we live in....Now, we look so different that we call ourselves of different races, today. How big difference there is between Africans and Scandinavians , right???, well, Scandinavians lived on a super cold place and Africans are on the complete opposition, so no wonder, one is so white and the other are so black, and take a look at Australia, where there are most people from the Anglo etnicity...and I will say that this English immigration in Australia will turn into the same looks of the actual aboriginals of the same land in...lets say 2,000 years from now, mainly due to the enviroment that surrounds Australia, but the evolution of the human race, also developed to the point of the shape of the body, specially the face...typical on some are small nose, small lips, or bigger lips, wider nose and the eyes too...typical of Asians are the eyes, wider nose are typical of blacks and many American natives and bigger lips typical of blacks too and whites having a narrow nose with smaller lips, BUT, all humans besides that , looks the same, have you ever seen a human with five eyes??, or three arms??, or four legs??...well, unless you go down and walk on all four, which will be very uncomfortable, HA, we only have two legs, so I WILL SAY, THAT THERE IS ONLY ONE RACE...THE HUMAN RACE AND EVERYBODY LOOKS DIFFERENT, JUST BECAUSE OF THE ENVIROMENT WHERE THEY LIVE....
Well said.
You mean only one Human Species.A race is a sub-group within one species.
yaakovha1948 Sure, but all of us are the same, right???or have you ever seen a human with four legs, or two heads???...sure, all of us are the same, but with different looks and way of doing things, due to the environments on which, all of us live...
Joe Molinaro /THERE IS ONLY ONE RACE/
No, there's not. Quoting Wikipedia: "Race is a social concept used to categorize humans into large and distinct populations or groups by anatomical, cultural, ethnic, genetic, geographical, historical, linguistic, religious, and/or social affiliation."
Note that for a multitude of reasons, the races that were created separately are physically mixing (living in the same cities) *and* genetically mixing.
Joe Molinaro
Sure, but there are differences. Whether we want to call them races or not or whether we want to put any boundaries it's up to us..The notion of race is a social/academic construct. Differences are real.
Fortification of milk with vitamin D has been practiced in the US for a long period.
Why bring Obama into it.? He adds nothing to the subject..
Cuz it's funny
The light humor about Barack Obama at the end was great. No pun intended.
If my relitives are chimpanzes, please tell me why I still have to go to the zoo to visit my Mother's uncles. People are suggesting that we demand that something humanistically should be done, maybe this year we'll have Thanksgiving at the zoo !!!
Yep I thought that months ago. If we evolved from chimps. There would be no more chimps left. This is all 1 big invention a scientist /genius came up with life as we know it with a machine
@@sloppyjonuts9162 we didnt elvolve from chimps, we evolved with an ancient unique version of chimps, but they were not chimps.
You have misunderstood evolution 😕
@@AJ-PFbat true
Thank You
All of Australia is South of the equator and all very dark skin, before the advent of Europeans.. All of South America is lighter brown, it crosses the equator and it's southern most tip lies near Antarctica.. Sub-Saharan Africa is all dark skin to the southern tip, away from the equator.. The equator-to-pole theory never held water.. Esquimoes are darker than Nordic people.. On Greenland they both keep their skin tones.. Why did facial features change with changes in skin color.? What about Northern Africa and the Middle East.? they are not all the same shade..
The Eskimo color was explained. You need to actually watch the entire video. That way you won't sound so silly.
Lighter skin is acquired by natural selection, at latitudes where the sun is not high enough for sufficient vitamin D production with darker skin. The Eskimo exception is because the sun is not a factor that far north, they get VitD from their diet.
Facial features are gradually changed by mate selection (not natural selection). For populations which do not intermingle much for 100s or 1000s of generations (and without Hollywood telling us all what we should find attractive) would you expect mate preferences to stay exactly the same everywhere forever?
Mike Blain For me it answered the question of how and why the sun reflecting off the snow and ice created the counterintuitive darkening of Eskimo skin. I also wonder how much their vision has changed due to extreme brightness. Then too, living at high altitude has influenced gene selection. Evolution is exciting and the more you learn the better it gets.
Gary Doss Eskimos don't typically live at high altitude.
Guitcad1 The hi altitude reference was about people that live at hi altitudes. It was not about Eskimos. My fault that I was not more specific.
Every human has his own skin color. Nature never created anything the same. No two leaves are alike. There is no such terminology as human pigmentation. The equator implies heat. Explain what heat has to do with color. Folate is new on the nutrition page, Your skin color contains little red, little yellow more black and more white.
She quotes a time 1.8-1.9 million years ago for the first diaspora out of Africa; I have heard it more dated to 100,000 to 80,000 years ago. Even the Neanderthals didn't separate from the human stock populations in Africa until around 800,000 years ago. In particular, it is thought that dispersion didn't commence until after the eruption of Toba 75,000 years ago when the numbers of modern humans was reduced to a dangerous low.
You do know what the word "first" means?
@NostepinNofetchin I wasn't talking about mimicing. I'm saying that conquests have always been taking place and instead of accusing the offspring of certain groups that have actually lead recent conquests, looking at history obviously shows that most people are descended from these types of groups (excluding only possibly the Jarawa, Ainu and the likes). WHat mrs. Jablonski is saying that all people are adapted to their ancestor's environments and that has nothing to do with racial "purity"
🤟Very good and informative talk accompanied by hand emphasis :-) 🤟
We originated as ONE, African, became white... the range is known as white but truly does not exist.. And in the same way black doesn't. But we can say that HUMANS exist...
"Natural Selection" 😂😂 Darwin created fantasies. the rabbit hole goes wayyy deeper than skin pigmentation ! 🤴🏾
So you don't believe in Evolution huh. So surprising. lol
B “believe”? Evolution in is not to be believed. It is not a belief. It is a fact about the universe, supported by mountain of evidence from multiple different fields of discipline. You either accept reality or you deny it.
First off I'm Black, Second I'm not egotistical I am 100% unapologeticlly African. Biology dude nothing in science is 100% that's why the highest proficiency of anything is 99.99%, it's all flawed. Pigmentation is not geological. If you were more spiritual and understanding you would understand some of what I'm telling you
Big Wow, great video
its outdated and has a lot of flaws
Omg LIES
I get the skin color differentiation but that doesn't explain the skeletal structure differentiations