Blood Types, Blood Group Systems and Transfusion Rule, Animation
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- Опубликовано: 13 май 2018
- (USMLE topics) Cellular basis of blood groups including ABO, Rh (Rhesus) and other less known systems, why blood typing is important in blood transfusion.
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A blood type refers to the PRESENCE or ABSENCE of a certain marker, or ANTIGEN, on the surface of a person’s red blood cells. For example, in the ABO system, presence of A or B antigen gives type A or B, presence of both antigens gives type AB, while their ABSENCE gives type O.
Blood typing is critical for blood transfusion, as there are very SPECIFIC ways in which blood types must be MATCHED between the donor and recipient for a safe transfusion. The rule is simple: patients should NOT be given antigens that their own blood does NOT have. This is because the recipient’s immune system may recognize any “NEW” antigen as “FOREIGN” and develop antibodies to target it for destruction. Depending on the scale of the triggered immune response, the reaction can be serious or fatal.
Applying the rule, a type A patient, who is NEGATIVE for B antigen, can only receive blood from type A and type O donors, whose blood does NOT contain B antigen. A type AB patient, having both antigens, can receive blood from anyone, while a type O person, being NEGATIVE for both A and B, can only receive from type O donors, but can give blood to anyone.
Another important system is the Rh system, for which, D antigen, or Rh factor, is best known. The blood type for this antigen can be either Rh-positive or Rh-negative. By the same rule, a Rh-negative patient canNOT receive blood from a Rh-positive donor, while the reverse direction is fine.
Each of the 4 types of the ABO system can be Rh-positive or negative. This gives 8 possible combinations - the 8 basic blood types everyone knows about.
But ABO and Rh are only a FRACTION of the 35 currently known blood group systems, many of which can cause serious reactions during transfusion if mismatched. Altogether there are HUNDREDS of antigens, giving rise to a gigantic number of possible blood types. A fully specified blood type should describe the COMPLETE SET of antigens that a person has. In theory, this list must be determined for both donor and recipient before a transfusion can take place. In reality, however, most people only need to care about their ABO type and Rh factor.
The ABO and Rh systems are the most important in blood transfusion for 2 reasons. First, most people can produce ROBUST antibodies against A, B and D antigens, which may NOT be the case for other antigens. In fact, anti-A and anti-B antibodies are usually developed during the first year of life. Second, the 8 basic blood types are distributed in comparable proportions that make mismatching a likely event. Most other antigens occur at such frequencies that ONLY a VERY SMALL subset of patients is potentially at risk. For example, if 99.99% of a population is positive for a certain antigen and only 0.01% is negative, only that tiny fraction of negative patients is at risk regarding that antigen. To account for possible INcompatibility OUTSIDE ABO and Rh, an ADDITIONAL test is usually made before transfusion. A blood sample from the patient is mixed with a sample of donor blood and the mixture is examined for CLUMPS. No clumping means a compatible match.
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Bro I’m not gonna lie. You had the best thumbnail. That’s why I picked this video.
I liked the diagram...
She is sis
Same
@@abisyafii5305 so you're blood type switched from a transfusion?
When it said “ a blood type should never be given with another blood type in which they don’t have same antigen, because the body will then think of the antigen as a foreign substance and therefore develop antibodies against the donor antigen” I understood everything
Same here. Kudos.
Same here too. The never undesirable thing just made complete sense😊😊
Makes sense
But here ab has two antigens
That means it kills a and b but how they said it accep all
@@sravan821because AB blood group has no antibodies in plasma it has only antigens
I can believe how good this video was. Bravo 👏🏼
Thanks, I understood a lot about blood groups and transfusion simply through this video.
I asked my doctor what kind of blood type I have and she said she wasn't allowed to tell me my blood type like wtf, it's my blood
You have cancer
Yeah, it's a rare form of RUclips comment cancer, as seen above.
I'm curious...after a month or so...have you got your blood type yet??
danwithjesus nope he died
Copy?
Thank you
This was straight to the point
and very informative
Great job
Everybody must know their blood type. She must tell !
From this video only I understand thank you
Thannkkk you so much. This was the most simple yet effective explanation I've come across on yt.
Watch
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR MAKING THIS VIDEO
Watch this
I learnt the whole lesson in just
minutes in this video while school
teaching me this in 2 DAYS and I
didn't even understand
Thank you for this wonderful video : D
well done I am teacher and i like it very much
my lab doctor tried explaining it to me like several time but I honestly didn't get it but I got it now thank you
Loved this
Easiest that was thanks alot 🙏
This is so usefull 😊❤
I really like your videos I find it really interested courage 👏
Thank you so much 🥰🥰
Fantastic
Good job
Thank you so much
Great content
Very useful!
2:20
35 blood groups
O rh- here, I wish I could get a bit more info my blood type
You can give to literally every one but can only accept from your kind. And literally your kind. Like they can’t even be O rh+
mac42k I know I used literally a lot, pls don’t judge I haven’t slept for almost 2 days
They strong against viruses and weak against some bacteria like the borrelia burgdorferi, they more surseptable to auto-immune disorders.
me also O rh- ...good news is that we less affected by covid-19.
Hello, fellow O RH-.
studying this one for online class lol
Watch
It's understandable
Its good
can someone tell me more about the P
Blood type group I googled it and there’s not much on it, I read it was very rare or sum like that.
Video is damn good but the content is covered by the subtitles. It would be better if the subtitles don't interrupt the video while explaining
My dad's O- and in the hospital, had a surgery to take off his toes on his left foot, (bc of necrotizing fascitis caused by diabetes) & lost a lot of blood, but they have to take 2 tubes of blood around 1AM tomorrow morning, then it takes an hour to check if he still needs the blood transfusion...he went from 7.8 to 7.1 red blood cell count from bleeding. I'm also O- (RH negetive) blood type & I'm asking if I can donate my blood to him, bc he's less likely to have a reaction & he knows I don't have any diseases that can be passed on...Waiting for the doctor to get back to me....Bc my father feels safer taking my blood & so do I. My mom.was AB- before she passed away at a young age. I hope they let me go to the hospital & donate...Bc my father won't sign the consent form unless I'm the one giving blood....Won't be sleeping tonight. But hopefully all goes well. As long as he's alive, I'm grateful...& despite everything, I will always love my father. Thank you for the video! 💞🙏
P.S. I know a lot about blood types, but transfusions can be tricky, sometimes, esp with RH- AKA (Rhesus monkey negetive blood types)...I don't know how people don't believe in evolution, knowing that fact ..but the RH- factor makes me wonder what caused that....they can't find anything on this planet it comes from...Aliens, 👽 perhaps, lol?
I think you got confused. It's impossible that your mum was AB and you are O, basic genetics (O is a recessive factor).
@@enricboadaalabart8865 Not wrong about this, lol. I'm proof, and I trust multiple doctors. But nice try on "schooling," me, lol. Offspring can get either the father or mother's blood type... my father's O- I've been tested, & so has my dad & mom (who was AB- & is dead now) was as well. I have blue eyes and they're recessive too....shocker. I know what I'm talking about and am not confused in the least, as far as this matter goes...It seems you might be projecting....but thanks for your 2 cents, I guess.
@@enricboadaalabart8865 but hey, I'm sure you know more about me than I do. LoL. 😂😂😂
@@jessicaelizabeth8603 lol I wasn't trying to school you, just thought u might have gotten mixed up, maybe your mom was A or B. That's because, seriously, it's impossible (unless for some weird genetic anomaly unknown to me) that an O comes from an AB parent. This is because you get one gene from your mom and one from your dad. Your mother must have given you either the A or the B gene (AB's have one gene of each), your father obviously passed the O gene to you, since that's the only one he has (O is only shown if you have both copies of O genes). Therefore, assuming your mother was AB and your father O you would have ended up being either A or B. I know this because I have taken some genetics courses and also because my blood type heritage is similar to yours: my mum is O-, my father is A+. I turned out as O-. However, this is possible because my father can have the O gene and must have passed it to me (if you have O and A gene your blood type is still A, hence O is recessive). In the case of your mum, it's impossible that she had the O gene, since she already had the A and B genes. Really I am not doing this to be cocky, just want to make you realise that something is wrong from a genetics point of view. Obviously if she wasn't your biological mother then it's possible, but I find it more likely that you got her or your blood type wrong.
@@jessicaelizabeth8603 also, I didn't talk to you in a disrespectful way, while you clearly did. There's nothing wrong in arguing. The problem is when you attack the other person instead of exposing reasonable arguments to back up your facts.I did some research myself and found out in some very weird cases you can have sort of a joined AB gene, which would leave space for an O gene and then your situation would make sense. Then I would be wrong, apologize and accept it. You see I provided a reasonable argument to back up your story, unlike you. Sorry to bother you after all!
About blood types.... it is all about understanding.... Isn’t about definite definitions.... For example, color white, never really understand without color black.... therefore color black and white serving as one.... See what I mean?
2:51
a+ = 35%
b+ = 9%
ab+ = 3%
ba(0)+ = 37%
a- = 6%
b- = 2%
ab- = 1%
ba(0)- = 7%
Yes😣
I’m a b-
Im ab+
@@itachismangekyo me too
@@itachismangekyo I'm b- too
I’m a universal recipient as I’m AB+
Wish I had that, would be so easy if I got hurt. I'm 0+ but I can't give blood cause of my anemia Dx
Me toooooo
Lucky us Aryan O's are so positive, and generous! Gimme gimme gimme, it's selfish! Nah, sorry anemic, women assume. I'm male always healthy folks never believe was abused entire life til 30s. Woman stole child and left, her and brother murdered dozen at least. Totally free! Pauper slave and has million, education, home all free. She did it because helped kid crying sort life after college kid raped her was pregnant. So invested she could ultimately control that. Don't believe 6 year old murderer said would kill two weeks did! Can look up prove all, other murders, one not them other accident? No wasn't, one terrorism charge, of judge. Kathleen Steele son in paper! Cops don't care, none care for kids.
At least know blood type! and get it fixed! Most no idea, scars everywhere ask if use drugs volunteering in war, genocide. I'm afraid of stds and AIDS, nope! Folks sell blood here, all dope fiends just found out. How much get? 🍪 OJ enough, half hour goofing, really submitting to peer pressure at work! Glad helps regular folks not just scary violent car bike wrecks, or high cost factors! Hope gets better, something missing in diet, metabolic path!
Once gave from left arm to his ancient left, and IV right to patient he had saline bag down by foot, later walking home bag was full of my blood. No English Spanish indigenous only, yelling above corazon! Also, miming lift, in one out other, oblivious bag not emptied in, filing it bright red bag of blood! Bet he felt anemic & weak!
How new antigens are recognised...?
Wbs recognised antigens
Can somebody explain the last bit for me ? 2:35 robust antigens part , I have a test coming up very soon.
A, B and D antigens can trigger robust production of antibodies against them, so if they are in the donor blood and transfused into someone who dont have the antigens (mismatched), the recipient body will produce lots of antibodies which will aggregate donor blood = lethal reaction. Other antigens are weaker in provoking antibody production, so when mismatched, the reaction may not be so severe. This is why A, B and D are more important in blood transfusion.
@@Alilamedicalmedia I didn't expect a reply tbh , and for it to be so quick to,thank you this was helpful 🌹💜
Please help, The ABO controlled by the following genes "EXCEPT"
a. CDE
b. A, B, D
c. H and Rh
d. Se & Se
Please help me answer thank
CDE . THANK S FOR THE ANSWER
Very good
If you have o- blood type, you are the best donor since you can donate your blood to any blood group. However, its hard to get blood in an emergency as only o- blood type can suit o- blood type.
If you are AB+ blood type, you can take the blood of anyone. However, you suck at donating since AB+ blood type cannot be donated to others, other than AB+ blood type.
How can we donate the blood of a person with blood group O to a person having blood group A or B , if O blood group contains both A and B antibodies 🤔
The antibodies are only in the plasma. And the plasma is separated from the donor's red blood cells after they donate. So, when someone with A, B or AB blood gets a transfusion from type O blood, they only receive the red blood cells, but not the plasma which contains the harmful A & B antibodies.
@@moonbeam2062thank you! I was wondering that too
MY BP IS 101/68 AND PULSE 108. PL EXPLAIN THE STATUS
My mom's blood type is AB I never knew it was rare
I don't know my blood type yet but when I was pregnant I was told I had anti Lewis antibodies but they were not harmful to the baby. I have never had a transfusion and my doctor said it might have been from a previous miscarriage. Help me understand what my body is trying to do and how I got them!
Anti lewis antibodies are almost always IgM which don't cross the placenta. If you google anti lewis antibodies the canadian transfusion service has a good info page on anti lewis antibodies
Can anyone tell please whether the antibodies already present in doners blood work in reciever blood or not , and if yes then why doesn't these attacks the recievers antigens if different groups are mixed??
Yes, and it does, BUT, the amount of antibodies here is limited, so the damage is negligible, and no new antibodies are made.
The other direction is the problem because the receiver's body would actively mount a response to continuously produce more and more antibodies.
So my grandmother and my mother along with my sisters and me with my sisters 2 daughters ha e the same blood type. Is this a rare occurrence?
No
This is simple genetics
No, as my family also have it 😁😁😁
I have ab positive blood group
1:40 what do you mean by the reverse direction?
Rh-negative donor to Rh-positive recipient
Ive never known my blood type up until about a month or so ago, i went to get my blood drawn and i asked them what my blood type was, and they said they couldn't tell me? Does anyone know what mine might be??
I'm not sure what country you live in, but here in Canada when you go to donate blood they send you an email or a letter in the mail a few weeks after you donate and tell you what type you are. When i went in to donate I told them I didn't know mine and they said it was fine as they sort all of the collected blood first and run tests to see if its clean and what type it is.
Ask ur dad
I read another comment like this. Very confusing...
Yes, it might be type A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+ or O-...hope that helps :-)
@@moonbeam2062 😂😂
It is make difference that, children who have born from their both parents have same blood 🩸 types.... And about family.... What is the point of family means? When they have out of something in danger, or into some kind of surgeries, they must full sportive in order to knowing that they are the families.... Isn’t it?
I mean, what is point that, they have life danger and lost too much bloods and they can lose their life, but family that doesn’t have any power to save their own, is that the families?
Need back up,Clark's Center,proper food for all blood types......
Mam my blood group is ab positive can I donate and received another blood group
I’m blood type A-B negative
I'm AB positive...
@@danwithjesus mai bhi
My blood type: AB- ❤
( My parents blood type can be:
A+B
AB+A
AB+B
AB+AB )
So there is chance to one or both of my parents have AB, there is also fact no one of my parent can have 0
My Blood Is A Positive
Watch
What are the advantages and disadvantages of AB+is my blood group please tell me
You can receive blood from any blood group (both + and -) however you can only give blood to people with AB+ blood group
Help. My blood group A L C E is problem
Why didn't they teach us like this.
My Blood group is A+.
My wife blood group is B -
my son blood group is A,B+
0:22 0:53
I have ab
O blood group is univers donar and ab blood univers recipient 😎
Please I wish to know how to make animated videos like you please am in great need please for help
You draw in Adobe Illustrator, then animate in Adobe After Effect. You can find tutorials either on RUclips or Adobe website. Happy learning!
I tried
But this is too difficult for me to remember! 😓😓
If a family husband blood group AB+ wife blood group B- that family born baby blood can be different A+
Is any blood group related to the some characters ? Please answer me .
I have B positive blood
Wow beautiful rule of thumb: don't introduce any new antigen bcz you will react against them 🙂🙃💞
This comment was made by AB Rh+ Gang.
Hello
Hmm so this is why zombie games,movies have the same theory of having an anti-zombie antigen
Interesting
Blood ometre
A question what makes a blood group to be weak
My blood is red
I’m confused as to why AB blood doesn’t attack itself it that makes sense.
angel5006GodisAble because type AB blood is accustomed to both A and B antigens
2020
I'm AB -tive😐
A+ blood type ako..
Same
You can make thousands of pages worth of mythology based on blood types alone
AB can't receive blood from any blood type
I am actually have the blood type - AB.
Mine is O+🥴🥴😑
If iam able to give blood to everyone then I should also be able to get it from everyone😕🤨😩😫
No, you can't get it from everyone. Also, you cannot give to anyone because you're Rh+ positive. So, you can only give to other positives.
A woman with B+ marries a man with A+ , mother of both of these is O- , then what is the probability of child having AB-. Can someone please answer this.
None I would think, because the alleles of both those people are A+/O- and B+/O-.. So, the child could only be a positive if born of any combination that involved the A+ or B+ alleles because they are dominate and both are positive. However, if the child inherited the O- from each parent then it would be an O- child.
Edit: actually I think you could have an AB- because I just found out that Rh alleles are passed down separately from the ABO alleles. So, the B+ woman and the A+ man could each still have one positive Rh allele and one negative Rh allele in their genotype. So, their child could inherit the A and B allele to be an AB type, and separately inherit the two negative Rh alleles and end up being AB-
Great info but crappy because of the watermark.
MY O+
كلشي ما افتهمت ☹️
please
B POSITIVE
❤
im o-, which i think is lucky since it can transfuse with all the other common ones, so hospitals must have a decent stock of o- blood, so incase im bleeding out, and the doctors dont know what blood type i am, they would probably give me o-, then i'd be fone xd
Where are you from?
Main point is ... no new antigen ...
Who here have the same type of blood as me. I'm AB
❤❤❤
🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏❤❤❤❤
B+
In other words try to not lose your blood...
Is anybody with A2+ve blood group
Like this comment
Because,I have to know how many of them with this blood group
My Blood type B+
blood types no antigens = golden blood (most rare, universal donor)
Sorry did not mean to say that that was my cousin