Thyroid Gland, Hormones and Thyroid Problems, Animation

(USMLE topics, endocrinology) Regulation of thyroid hormone, hyper- and hypothyroidism: causes, symptoms and treatment, goiter.
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The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped ENDOCRINE gland located in the neck. It is wrapped around the trachea, just below the thyroid cartilage -the Adam’s apple.
The two major hormones of the thyroid are triiodothyronine, T3 and thyroxine, T4. The numbers 3 and 4 indicate the number of iodine atoms present in a molecule of each hormone. T3 and T4 are collectively referred to as THYROID hormones.
Thyroid hormone secretion is under control of thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH, from the anterior pituitary. TSH, in turn, is induced by thyrotropin-releasing hormone, TRH, produced by the hypothalamus. The amount of circulating thyroid hormones is regulated by a negative feedback loop: when their levels are too high, they SUPPRESS the production of TSH and TRH, consequently INHIBITING their own production.
Thyroid hormones act to INCREASE the body’s metabolic rate. They stimulate appetite, digestion, breakdown of nutrients and absorption. They also increase oxygen consumption, raise the breathing rate, heart rate and contraction strength. As a result, the body’s HEAT production is INCREASED. Thyroid hormone secretion usually rises in winter months to keep the body warm.
Thyroid hormones are also important for bone growth and fetal brain development.
There are 2 major groups of thyroid problems:
HYPOthyroidism: when the thyroid does NOT produce ENOUGH hormones, resulting in a LOW metabolic rate, combined with SLOW respiratory and cardiovascular activities. Common symptoms include fatigue, weight gain despite poor appetite, cold intolerance, slow heart rate, heavy menstrual bleeding and constipation. Iodine deficiency and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are the most common causes. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed by the body’s own immune system.
Hypothyroidism, especially when caused by iodine deficiency, may lead to swelling of the thyroid gland, known as GOITER. In an attempt to fix the low levels of thyroid hormones, the pituitary produces MORE TSH to further stimulate the thyroid gland. The thyroid, while UNable to make hormones WITHOUT iodine, responds to TSH by GROWING in size.
Hypothyroidism is managed with thyroxine hormone replacement.
HYPERthyroidism: when the thyroid gland produces TOO MUCH hormones, resulting in a TOO ACTIVE metabolism, together with respiratory and cardiovascular rates that are HIGHER than necessary. Common symptoms include irritability, insomnia, weight loss despite good appetite, heat intolerance, heart racing and diarrhea.
Hyperthyroidism is most commonly caused by Graves' disease, another autoimmune disorder characterized by presence of an antibody, called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin, TSI. TSI, similar to TSH, stimulates the thyroid gland to produce hormones. Unlike TSH, however, TSI is NOT regulated by negative feedback mechanisms, leading to UNcontrolled production of thyroid hormones. TSI also stimulates the thyroid gland to grow, which MAY lead to formation of a goiter.
Hyperthyroidism may be managed with drugs that suppress thyroid function, radioactive iodine that selectively destroys the thyroid gland, or surgery that removes part of the gland.

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I am diagnosed Hypothyroidism last two weeks

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I was diagnosed with hypothyroidism and was prescribed thyroxine. I'm supposed to go pick up the meds ASAP. I haven't been able to talk to my doctor about it yet. So I'm here trying to learn about it a bit.

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I needed this video. I've recently had an ultrasound on my thyroid and now I need to see Endocrinologist. Not sure what's going on. Graves Disease was in some of the language in my portal charts. I have not seen my doctor yet, so I'm a bit nervous. I am glad I have the diagnosis so I can be treated. Great video.

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What happened? I just got diagnosed my levels are 17

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The thyroid gland is a vital hormone gland: It plays a major role in the metabolism, growth and development of the human body. It helps to regulate many body functions by constantly releasing a steady amount of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream

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Yeah unfortunately I wish we didn’t got it

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I have hyperthyroidism😫 I have been taking methimazole for the last 10 months. My T4 and T3 are normal, but my TSH is .ooo😔 I’m not sure why

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I am hypo thyridism
Sometime. I feel much stress so feel headache very badly
So what should I do when i get headache help me plz.

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I was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism which leads to thyrotoxic heart disease i accumulated most of the symptoms like hair loss for over the years and before i suffer so much from palpitation at 155 hbm i got 4 to 5 times bowel movement it also leads to anxiety sweating

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Could you create a video about pulmonary edema ? Thanks in advance !

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Thank you for the very informative video. May I suggest to add videos about the best food to eat and avoid for people with Hypothyroidism

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I used to take prescribed medication for my thyroid malfunction one month in November 2009, because i always have a good metabolism and good appetite from my childhood until now, but unsure which kind of thyroid problems I used to have, or still having it or not. But I knew I have been experiencing my post menaupose stage, also part of hormones related problems as well as my untreated unstable unmanageable changeable blood glucose worsening problem and aggressively affecting my short sighted eyes as cataracts also due to aging plus I am having my unprofessional ivf made abdominal abnormal pregnancy with my very very slow growing far undersized abnormal unborn baby, also may cause my hormones fluctuated as a grumpy nasty person with drowsy unworkable head. Hopefully I can get over this problem sooner

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How to diagnose infectious disease whether any infection is present in the body or any tumor present? Symptoms: Severe Dryness, Dehydrated body all times.

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