What is XRF? | Optical Emission Spectroscopy explained

X-ray fluorescence or XRF is an analytical technique that has been used for many years to determine the elemental composition of a wide variety of materials. The technique involves X-rays that form part of the electromagnetic spectrum, they are expressed in terms of their energy (kilo electron volts - keV) or wavelength (nanometers - nm). XRF is a consequence of changes that take place within an atom. Examples include metal alloys, minerals, and petroleum products.
XRF is typically used to analyze elements, from sodium (Na) to uranium (U), in concentrations spanning parts per million to high percentages in metal alloys, liquids like petroleum products, as well as powders, pastes, films, fibers, and other solids. It’s also commonly used for coating thickness analysis.
Compared to other analytical techniques, XRF has many advantages. It's fast. It measures a wide range of elements and concentrations in many different types of materials. It's non-destructive and requires no or very little sample preparation, and it's low-cost compared to other techniques.
Discover more about what is XRF: hhtas.net/3zO0txS
Find out more about Hitachi's XRF analyzers: hhtas.net/3n2P85g

[@theomoundzounga3855]

Wouah well explained 👌, best video on XRF so far! I am covered. Thank you very much!

[@user-lv4cm8fk2p]

Thanks! I am working on a essay about XRF and this video helped me so much!

[@lgon9977]

Like the video guys! She's at gunpoint...

[@krishnakantakonar683]

Greatly explained 🙏🙏

[@flambojan_lab]

Good explanation

[@imranhaider8248]

Make a video on wdxrf as well. Explaining the function of analyzing crystal and collimator. Thanx

[@markcrume]

Great explanation. Thank you.

[@ibrahimnazemqader9153]

Thanks

[@chalpudeku7540]

Thank you

[@DrAdeel969]

How to analyze the data after mapping from beamline?

[@blacckgoete1020]

Does mass of the sample have effect on the results after the analysis?

[@divijmallela8444]

short and crisp

[@kovoproxy]

thank you Schatzi

[@nikhilgoyal007]

thanks

[@mugemangangojeanbaptiste5720]

Can u explain how to use it in tunnels not on the surtface

[@multivitamin425]

2:01 could've animated secondary radiation as moving outward and not inward, it may confuse people

[@Vision267]

can this measure coating thicknesses in multiple layers?

[@alirezanazarahari8342]

No, it can't. You probably can try XPS for that.

[@muratgultekin535]

Wiil this xray show the difference between mild steel and chromoly
And the thickness

[@user-jd6cg5jz1n]

Thank you(@/@)!

[@dharshdesign]

how does this XRF works if I place a silver ball, that's wrapped with a 22K gold sheet? Will that detect the silver content thru that gold, or will detect only the purity of gold?

[@dragondrago1740]

Am not an expert on the subject, but I assume that it will only measure the gold. XRF is used to measure atomes on the surface of materials and not in materials

[@dookierotterdamski8949]

@@dragondrago1740 it wil not penetrate enough to detect the silver ball it wil only go a few micro's in the base material

[@susie2015]

XRF only detect the appearance 30um coat.

[@nisrinebedroune9325]

Bonjoure a toute stp j'ai besoin des thèses sur XRF

[@jasonfoster5285]

With all the charisma

[@Bored_Trumpet]

What you expect? Egghead afterall...

[@saurabhchaudhary6630]

Thanku

[@rlrrlrll]

At 1:44 wouldn't it be an electron from the outer shells that is excited (and certainly not removed)? Inner electrons are shielded by outer ones. The most inner electrons need the most work to remove them, as they are the closest to the core.

[@Double0pi]

Nope. XRF removes core electrons. The outer electrons then "fall down" to the lower energy levels, emitting characteristic X-ray spectra as they go.

[@rlrrlrll]

@@Double0pi Interesting! Never heard of that phenomenon before. I'll ask my prof about that :) thanks!

[@Double0pi]

@@rlrrlrll Remember that different wavelengths of EM radiation have different energies. In gen chem, you learn that certain wavelengths are emitted when electrons move from an excited state down to a lower level. All of the wavelengths you calculate with the Rydberg equation are UV or visible light.
Go down to a lower-energy sort of radiation--infrared--and you no longer have enough energy to excite electrons to the next energy level, so instead you induce molecular vibrations.
Go up to a higher-energy radiation and you basically excite electrons right out of the atom! X-rays can absolutely knock electrons out of the valence shell, but in that case we don't see the fluorescence used in XRF. As you mentioned in your original comment, it would take a lot of energy to knock out electrons closest to the core...but X-rays have that much energy!
I'll get around to doing my own XRF video some day...not quite ready to do that yet.

[@rlrrlrll]

@@Double0pi Thank you for the explanations! I assumed Xrays are more powerful, but powerful enough to kick out electrons close to the core, that's pretty exciting :D

[@Muonium1]

@@Double0pi isn't there an error in this video? The narrator says the x-rays knock an election out of "a low energy level", but isn't it a HIGH energy level (hence the need for a photon of such high energy to eject it) and merely a LOW orbital number? Aren't the "outer" valence electrons actually in the lower energy levels?
Also I'm afraid I cannot help but notice you are at the Evergreen State college....home to the most infamous incident on any college campus in the nation in the past several years. What is that like, especially being in the science department where there were organized efforts to "decolonize chemistry" and suchlike at the height of the insanity? Were you ever in contact with Bret or Heather?

[@nisrinebedroune9325]

Est ce que tu peut me aide moi

[@davidcurtis7547]

Send me information please . I will visit the web site

[@anasmoustafa7286]

great 3.5 mins

[@philipchama8434]

Thank you

[@alideep9656]

Thanks