I would not doubt the content of a book. A lot of research goes into writing them. Atoms are neutral on the whole so it was expected to have neutral particles. That they had charged electrons and protons were unexpected findings. Yes there were ways to find the masses of atoms before the subatomic particles were discovered.
Seema Dhawan Arora mam i have a request... Please write on the board during the session it helps us because i am not able to understand what is really happing USE BOARD DURING CLASSES PARALLEL WITH TEACHING THANKU MAM
Anjali Singh the protons do not move as single particles like electrons. They stay together in the nucleus and the nucleus moves as positive charge. Therefore the mass of the positive charged particle of the anode ray depends on the mass of the gas taken.
Mam if the gas is ionised at cathode then the electrons will move towards anode but when the gas is ionised at cathode then it is left with protons which are attrcted by cathode then why is this shown from anode to cathode
For protons specifically, please explain how they counted the number of protons in something like Uranium. Was it all done mathematically based on hydrogen as a datum, or did they actually count 92 occurrences of something? It is very important that I understand this and right now I am very confused. Uranium or Copernicium would be good to demonstrate.
MyLovelyCreations - Harini Alpha particle is the Helium nucleus. If Helium loses its two electrons, it becomes a dipositive ion having two protons and two neutrons in the nucleus. After losing both its electrons all that is left is the dipositive nucleus. Thus alpha particles and helium ion or helium nucleus all mean the same.
Mam your explanation is very nice I trust you that you will reply me as soon as you see this comment Mam pls tell that how it is possible that canal rays were not seen during discovery of electron ? And pls tell that if they took perforated cathode at time of discovery of electron then were they be able to see the canal rays or goldstein did something very different that lead to this observation..mam its the most difficult doubt of mine i hope that you will surely clear it
hi maam, thanks alot for the video, we all know that protons are stable particles in an atoms and the electrons get displaced to make it a cation or anion. Just for clarification, the protons don't move, do they but then how does the canal rays become positive. Is it because the electrons from the cathode rays leave behind the protons which are positive, but then how do these rays originate. please clarify maam. Thanks alot
Muskan Kukkar because when the gas in the tube loses electrons the electrons move individually to form cathode rays but the anode rays consist of the remaining electrons and the nucleus containing protons and neutrons and other subatomic particles. So the mass of the cathode ray depends on the element/ gas.
Your explanation is quiet brief to the point but if you start making videos in hindi that might increase your viewers , I hope my comment doesn't bothers u, well your video is very nice👍👍
ma'am you are fabulous. can you clear my one doubt here. Neil bohr proposed his model in 1913. whereas chadwick discovered neutron in 1932. but now my book says that bohr also included the concept of neutron in his model since till then there was nothing called neutron. so how is it possible plzz reply
princess A There is a difference between the existence of a concept and the actual discovery and proof using evidence in support of it. That difference is the key here. Chadwick had reasons and experimental facts to support his claim. Bohr only thought of it.
did you mean bohr had thought of neutron. but how did he come to conclusion. there was no evidence for that and also had no idea of it. means it was just an unknown mystery, truth of which chadwick revealed. may be somebody amended his model
princess A haha no...he might just having an idea..for example..gravitaional force existed b4 newton gave gravitaion law...some scientists like aryabhatta..etc used this kind of force to explain planetry force n motions.. Thnx.. Hope reply is useful
Q: the neutrons were left behind and proton were further pushed ?and mama in my chemistry book the 'e' value for electron is 1.6022 x 10^-19. They did not use -1.6022 x 10^-19 in calculations or numericals.?
No. In this experiment the ray on all the three points is anode ray. Cathode rays move in the opposite direction. From cathode to anode and are seen behind the anode.
Anode rays are positively charged, so they move towards the negative electric charge. And their behavior is that of positive rays in the presence of a magnet too.
janshabino jan Well the battery generates electrons which travel through the wire and enter the discharge tube. The gas in the discharge tube gets ionized due to high voltage current and the negative electrons pick up the journey from there maintaining continuity. They go from Cathode to anode and at anode they enter the wire again and go back to the battery. Thus the circuit is completed. Imagine if cycles are standing side by side on a cycle stand and you push the first one all fall down one by one. It is like that. Electrons push the next one and this keeps on happening throughout the circuit.
Mam helium has atomic mass of 4. And one neutron was released after falling on Be which has mass of 9 amu. Than the Be must be converted into Carbon and a neutron for balancing it. Is it possible?
How is it possible for current to travel from anode to cathode ma'am, isnt it due to flow of electrons (as protons bound by S.N.F. within nucleus cannot travel)
Hello Maam,i had a question regarding the discovery of neutrons.We know that the nucleus is made up neutrons and protons,then how can an alpha particle shoot out the neutron from the nucleus?
Guriya Jha it doesn’t matter its one hole or more to observe the formation of cathode rays behind the anode. I used one hole in the diagram as we are subjecting the beam to electric and magnetic fields. So the deviation will be easy to detect if we have a single beam.
Just as electrons and protons coexist in an atom so do cathode and anode rays coexist. As long as the source of current produces high voltage and ionizes the gas in the discharge tube, both rays exist.
no no you mentioned this from 2.45 to 2.50 in this video . saying ,"nucleus has a mass of four instead of having 1 proton. that why , I get confused. you only mentioned proton,didn't you?
I wanted to stress on the point that unlike cathode rays which are made up of free electrons the anode rays are whole nuclei and not just protons. You are right I could have said that differently. After every video that I make I feel there is a lot that could have been handled differently. But perfection is only a dream.
mam if there was an hole in anode at same position then will there be emmision of cathode and anode rays simultaneously please reply to my question mam 🙏🙏🙏
N.Hemanth Kumar Cathode and anode rays are always emitted simultaneously. The hole allows a ray from the opposite electrode to become visible on the screen behind it thats all. If there was a hole in the anode too, you would have seen cathode rays behind it too.
Mam.. Excellent.. Can u justify these statements.. 1. Atoms are divisible 2. Atoms are indestructible 3. What are canal rays 4. What is static electricity
Thanks 1. At the time of Dalton atom was considered to be the smallest possible particle. But later discovery of subatomic particles and radioactive fission showed that atoms are made up of smaller particles and they can be divided into smaller particles. 2. Rutherford's model indicated that if electrons revolve around the nucleus then being charged particles in acceleration they should lose energy and fall into the nucleus. this should happen in a fraction of a second. If that was so then how are the atoms in the universe existing for the past billions of years? So except for nuclear reactions, atoms cannot be destroyed in simple chemical reactions. 3.Anode rays are also called canal rays. Please watch the video again to learn about that. 4. A charge that is produced due to friction is static electricity. For example when you rub a plastic comb in your hair and your hair rise up as you move the comb away from your hair is due to static electricity. Sometimes in winter when you take off a woolen clothing you get a mild shock from the static electricity produced by friction due to removing it.
Google it. This is what comes on top Observed as H+ by Eugen Goldstein (1886). Identified in other nuclei (and named) by Ernest Rutherford (1917-1920). , with a positive electric charge of +1e elementary charge and a mass slightly less than that of a neutron.
In 1932, Irène and Frédéric Joliot-Curie performed experiments with this radiation, and showed that if it fell on paraffin or other hydrogen-containing compound, it could eject protons with very high energy from that substance.
The gas in the discharge tube gets ionized when high voltage current is passed through it. Since cathode is negatively charged it pushes the negatively charged electrons towards the positively charged anode. these moving electrons are called cathode rays. At the same time the positively charged ions of the gas are pushed by the anode towards the negative cathode. so these are called anode rays. since cathode rays appear to originate from cathode, they are called cathode rays. similarly when anode rays seem to be originating from anode and are called anode rays.
You are the princess of chemistry 😍
I would not doubt the content of a book. A lot of research goes into writing them.
Atoms are neutral on the whole so it was expected to have neutral particles. That they had charged electrons and protons were unexpected findings.
Yes there were ways to find the masses of atoms before the subatomic particles were discovered.
Seema Dhawan Arora mam i have a request... Please write on the board during the session it helps us because i am not able to understand what is really happing USE BOARD DURING CLASSES PARALLEL WITH TEACHING THANKU MAM
Goldestein discovered Positive charge particles in 1886 ,according to Google
Mam u r awesome ❤ i beleive in self study and ur vedios help me to understand my ch ❤ i love uh so much
uhhh...ok..nevermind.
☺
Ma'am I am from India🇮🇳.
Your teaching method is absolutely 😍 awesome 🙏..
Thank you ma'am for this wonderful video 💬💥💥
Thanks for explaining the discovery of proton and neutrons in a good manner
inspite of watching videos i was not getting this concept but i really found this one worth watching and you really explain concepts nicely ✨
U the super awesome keep rocking 😎 👏
Thanks for the explanation. It is really very helpful.
Fabulous chemistry teacher I have ever seen😘
Mam your teaching skill really very nice. You are an excellent teacher with the best command on topic
Superb never even thought a teacher like u..i wish you to come as my teacher
Ur explanation is really really great..
The way of your teaching is awesome abudantaly
Your voice is very clear
Really you are teaching better than my teachers
Nice work mam
Teaching style sooper
Ma'am yesterday I shared your RUclips channel to my friend....and he liked your videos and subscribed to your channel ☺️☺️
I am new in your class mam
Thank u for teaching me ☺😇
Hiyaa armyy💜
Love mam ur teaching
You're amazing 😭😭♥️♥️👐
Mam you are fabulous marvellous thanks a lot
Madam how did the chadwick know that the mass of neutron is equal to the mass of proton because a heavy particle can also push the light particle?
Mam I am going to share your channel to all the persons on the you tube
..
Thank you so much! Means a lot! 🤗
Mam u are a god gifted teacher for us mam because the way u teach mesmorizes us mam . Thanks a lot mam
U speak very nicely....Mam
👍Nice lecture
Mam neutron ki example Hai vah atomic number and atomic mass kaun sa hai upar wala ya niche wala
Atomic number is subscript and atomic mass is superscript. Mass upar, number neeche
I'm confused at paraffin wax in Chadwick experiment .why neutrons cant be passed through paraffin wax along with protons, mam?
Wow fantastic teaching...
I enjoyed learning from you mam!
Thank you mam for making my chemistry studies easier
Very good mam
Wow
Are the cathode and the anode rays produced at the same time?
Mam your explanation is so good ... I loved it ❤️❤️ so benificial for me
Superb modulation
Mam ur explanation and way u spoke is very nice and it triggers me to see the other videos of yours to learn
You're a good teacher
Hye Seong Thanks 🙏🏻
Hye Seong Thanks 🙏🏻
excellent explanation mam ,please upload all 11th class chemistry lessons for us mam..
Energetic session..❤️
Thank you mam for this best explanation and now I am able to understand this clearly
This was so useful, thank you so much!
plz teach further topic of book 11
Ma'am the e/m ratio is 1.76×10^11 C/kg...Then what is 9.58×10^7C/kg....???
Thankyou mam ...this video is so helpful to learn this chapter..
Very talented
Thanks ma'am while teaching little bit touch the basic terms so that would be remarkable
Madam your explanation is wonderful
Nice content mam. We need more
Mam it was really awsome but I couldn't get how the mass of protons depends upon the gas present can u pls write in details
Anjali Singh the protons do not move as single particles like electrons. They stay together in the nucleus and the nucleus moves as positive charge. Therefore the mass of the positive charged particle of the anode ray depends on the mass of the gas taken.
@@SeemaDhawanArora this would be a gr8help mam tq so much🌸
Mam if the gas is ionised at cathode then the electrons will move towards anode but when the gas is ionised at cathode then it is left with protons which are attrcted by cathode then why is this shown from anode to cathode
I have some doubts how can I contact you you have very good knowledge
maam thank you so much but I have a doubt please clear it that how protons and electrons arrange in an atom please do reply and clear my doubt
ThankYou Somuch Mam
Good 👍👍
For protons specifically, please explain how they counted the number of protons in something like Uranium. Was it all done mathematically based on hydrogen as a datum, or did they actually count 92 occurrences of something? It is very important that I understand this and right now I am very confused. Uranium or Copernicium would be good to demonstrate.
Awesome
What are alpha particle..and why there are called comparatively with helium ions
MyLovelyCreations - Harini Alpha particle is the Helium nucleus. If Helium loses its two electrons, it becomes a dipositive ion having two protons and two neutrons in the nucleus. After losing both its electrons all that is left is the dipositive nucleus. Thus alpha particles and helium ion or helium nucleus all mean the same.
ALWAYS GIVE SOME HINT ABOUT ALL THE TOPICS TO BE STUDIED IN CHAPTER IN FIRST VIDEO OF CHAPTER..IT HELPS US TO UNDERSTAND BETTER.
Mam your explanation is very nice
I trust you that you will reply me as soon as you see this comment
Mam pls tell that how it is possible that canal rays were not seen during discovery of electron ?
And pls tell that if they took perforated cathode at time of discovery of electron then were they be able to see the canal rays or goldstein did something very different that lead to this observation..mam its the most difficult doubt of mine i hope that you will surely clear it
hi maam, thanks alot for the video, we all know that protons are stable particles in an atoms and the electrons get displaced to make it a cation or anion. Just for clarification, the protons don't move, do they but then how does the canal rays become positive. Is it because the electrons from the cathode rays leave behind the protons which are positive, but then how do these rays originate. please clarify maam. Thanks alot
U are superb teacher...
Impressed by your teaching skills..
Khushi Randhawa Thanks 🙏🏻😊
Mam..where are u from.?
From India originally but now I live in New York.
Seema Dhawan Arora ok...mam u are really awesome. ..
Thanks. I am humbled.
thank you ❤️👍
I do have a question regarding this that how do protons depend on the nature of the gas....😩😩😩😩
Muskan Kukkar because when the gas in the tube loses electrons the electrons move individually to form cathode rays but the anode rays consist of the remaining electrons and the nucleus containing protons and neutrons and other subatomic particles. So the mass of the cathode ray depends on the element/ gas.
Gudd
best
Mam this lecture was osm ,☺☺☺ why don't you give us your hand written NOTES ...pls
Your explanation is quiet brief to the point but if you start making videos in hindi that might increase your viewers , I hope my comment doesn't bothers u, well your video is very nice👍👍
Vivek Yadav I do try sometimes. ruclips.net/video/nxne5iAz2_g/видео.html
Vivek Yadav ruclips.net/video/pfHv4iN0i4U/видео.html
mam its mass of H atom or mass of proton 1.67multiply 10*-27
Mohib Khan it is the same as H has only 1 proton and 1 electron.
sory mam.....thanks
ma'am you are fabulous. can you clear my one doubt here.
Neil bohr proposed his model in 1913. whereas chadwick discovered neutron in 1932. but now my book says that bohr also included the concept of neutron in his model since till then there was nothing called neutron. so how is it possible plzz reply
princess A There is a difference between the existence of a concept and the actual discovery and proof using evidence in support of it. That difference is the key here.
Chadwick had reasons and experimental facts to support his claim. Bohr only thought of it.
my book may be wrong don't you think
bohr's model is much satisfacting
did you mean bohr had thought of neutron. but how did he come to conclusion. there was no evidence for that and also had no idea of it. means it was just an unknown mystery, truth of which chadwick revealed. may be somebody amended his model
princess A haha no...he might just having an idea..for example..gravitaional force existed b4 newton gave gravitaion law...some scientists like aryabhatta..etc used this kind of force to explain planetry force n motions..
Thnx..
Hope reply is useful
If positive rays made of O than how do we calculate their e/m
Do we have to put charge of 8 protons and mass of 16?
u r great
mam u re great .thank u very much it helped me alot
Tq Mam you are just rocking mam🙂🙂🙂🙂
tq so much mam I could really understand this chapter structure of atom again thank you so much mam 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
thank you teacher ..........
But someone says that Proton was discovered by Rutherford in 1919 , so i'm very confuse
Rutherford discovered the nucleus
Miss why the chadwick passed alpha particles first from the sheet why not directly from paraffin? Plz answer
Q: the neutrons were left behind and proton were further pushed ?and mama in my chemistry book the 'e' value for electron is 1.6022 x 10^-19. They did not use -1.6022 x 10^-19 in calculations or numericals.?
Muhammad Hamza the negative sign is not mathematical negative, it is negative electrical charge.
@@SeemaDhawanAroraok thanks
The ray which hits the Point A is cathode ray which has Electrons nd which hits the point C has Protons, Is this Correct mam plz reply
No. In this experiment the ray on all the three points is anode ray. Cathode rays move in the opposite direction. From cathode to anode and are seen behind the anode.
@@SeemaDhawanArora Mam To for quick reply
@@SeemaDhawanArora But I didn't understand From1.41-2.02 could u explain mam plzzzz🙏🙏
Anode rays are positively charged, so they move towards the negative electric charge. And their behavior is that of positive rays in the presence of a magnet too.
@@SeemaDhawanArora Tqq Alot mam Ur reply made my day 😍It means alot 😎 Tqq once again
plz miss tell me how cathode rays produce are they dirictly emitt from cathode or from ionization of gas and how gas ionizes
janshabino jan Well the battery generates electrons which travel through the wire and enter the discharge tube. The gas in the discharge tube gets ionized due to high voltage current and the negative electrons pick up the journey from there maintaining continuity. They go from Cathode to anode and at anode they enter the wire again and go back to the battery. Thus the circuit is completed. Imagine if cycles are standing side by side on a cycle stand and you push the first one all fall down one by one. It is like that. Electrons push the next one and this keeps on happening throughout the circuit.
Mam if Alfa particles are passed through atoms and bombards them
Then how in Rutherford model it passes through it ????? Pls tell mam
Mam helium has atomic mass of 4. And one neutron was released after falling on Be which has mass of 9 amu. Than the Be must be converted into Carbon and a neutron for balancing it. Is it possible?
How is it possible for current to travel from anode to cathode ma'am, isnt it due to flow of electrons (as protons bound by S.N.F. within nucleus cannot travel)
Current is movement of positive holes that always flows opposite to the direction of flow of electrons
mam if we will knoe that there r 4 protons are in helium so why we perfom this experiment ..plz mam explain
Mohib Khan there are 2 protons and 2 neutrons, its mass is 4 and that was known.
@@SeemaDhawanArora o ooo
Hello Maam,i had a question regarding the discovery of neutrons.We know that the nucleus is made up neutrons and protons,then how can an alpha particle shoot out the neutron from the nucleus?
when the alpha particle hits berrylium it produces carbon 12 and the remaining energy goes out as neutrons.
ma'am that cathode must be perforated or have just 1 hole. picture shown in blackboard just have 1 hole. please clear my confusion.
Guriya Jha it doesn’t matter its one hole or more to observe the formation of cathode rays behind the anode. I used one hole in the diagram as we are subjecting the beam to electric and magnetic fields. So the deviation will be easy to detect if we have a single beam.
thanks
very nice
why cathode ray and anode ray do not cancel each other since they have opposit sign
Just as electrons and protons coexist in an atom so do cathode and anode rays coexist. As long as the source of current produces high voltage and ionizes the gas in the discharge tube, both rays exist.
😮😮😮
Hi madam would you help me, why chadwick find to use Li Be and B not another element in his discovery of neutron
I think he started from the beginning of the periodic table to use the simplest elements. H and He are gases so he used Li, Be and B
ma'am, does the nucleus of helium has a mass of 4 protons? you said this in the video, plzzzzzzzzzz clear my confusion.
princess A Thanks for your response. Helium has a mass of 4u due to 2 protons and 2 neutrons. I mention this at 5.12-5.14 time of the video.
no no you mentioned this from 2.45 to 2.50 in this video . saying ,"nucleus has a mass of four instead of having 1 proton. that why , I get confused. you only mentioned proton,didn't you?
and thanks a lot for your quick reply. really love your way of teaching
I wanted to stress on the point that unlike cathode rays which are made up of free electrons the anode rays are whole nuclei and not just protons. You are right I could have said that differently. After every video that I make I feel there is a lot that could have been handled differently. But perfection is only a dream.
absolutely right. thanks . really became your fan of quick reply
mam according to Google it says, the discovery was in in 1886
u teach well
mam if there was an hole in anode at same position then will there be emmision of cathode and anode rays simultaneously please reply to my question mam 🙏🙏🙏
N.Hemanth Kumar Cathode and anode rays are always emitted simultaneously. The hole allows a ray from the opposite electrode to become visible on the screen behind it thats all. If there was a hole in the anode too, you would have seen cathode rays behind it too.
Mam.. Excellent.. Can u justify these statements..
1. Atoms are divisible
2. Atoms are indestructible
3. What are canal rays
4. What is static electricity
Thanks
1. At the time of Dalton atom was considered to be the smallest possible particle. But later discovery of subatomic particles and radioactive fission showed that atoms are made up of smaller particles and they can be divided into smaller particles.
2. Rutherford's model indicated that if electrons revolve around the nucleus then being charged particles in acceleration they should lose energy and fall into the nucleus. this should happen in a fraction of a second. If that was so then how are the atoms in the universe existing for the past billions of years? So except for nuclear reactions, atoms cannot be destroyed in simple chemical reactions.
3.Anode rays are also called canal rays. Please watch the video again to learn about that.
4. A charge that is produced due to friction is static electricity. For example when you rub a plastic comb in your hair and your hair rise up as you move the comb away from your hair is due to static electricity. Sometimes in winter when you take off a woolen clothing you get a mild shock from the static electricity produced by friction due to removing it.
Thanks a lot mam.. U r the best chemistry teacher 😊
These play are for academic study
My teacher said proton discovered by Rutherford?
Google it. This is what comes on top
Observed as H+ by Eugen Goldstein (1886). Identified in other nuclei (and named) by Ernest Rutherford (1917-1920). , with a positive electric charge of +1e elementary charge and a mass slightly less than that of a neutron.
@@SeemaDhawanArora thank you mam love you..
how alpha particles emitt neutral ray when hit beryllium
This is what was their observation. I am afraid I could not find the reason for this. if I do find the answer, I will get back to you on it.
@@SeemaDhawanArora MAM DOES THE NEUTRONS OF ALPHA PARTICLES ALSO CAME OUT WHEN BOMBARDED
Chadwick experiment of discovery of neutron agree only when paraffin wax is used or even other materials
In 1932, Irène and Frédéric Joliot-Curie performed experiments with this radiation, and showed that if it fell on paraffin or other hydrogen-containing compound, it could eject protons with very high energy from that substance.
how anode ray can be produced by anode plate
The gas in the discharge tube gets ionized when high voltage current is passed through it. Since cathode is negatively charged it pushes the negatively charged electrons towards the positively charged anode. these moving electrons are called cathode rays. At the same time the positively charged ions of the gas are pushed by the anode towards the negative cathode. so these are called anode rays. since cathode rays appear to originate from cathode, they are called cathode rays. similarly when anode rays seem to be originating from anode and are called anode rays.
so thanks mam
Thanks🙂