Artificial Gravity

Artificial gravity is a concept that is ubiquitous in our science fiction yet elusive in our space program. Why is this? And how could we develop artificial gravity soon? In a Cool Worlds special, this video essay goes in depth on the topic discussing why centrifuges are the most plausible solution and early ideas on the topic. Join us a journey from Einstein's equivalence principle, to O'Neill Cylinders and Stanford Tori; from Coriolis forces to near-term experiments. Grab a cup of a tea and enjoy.
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Chapters:
0:08 Introduction
5:43 The O’Neill Cylinder
8:10 The Stanford Torus
10:16 Down-Sizing
13:31 Coriolis
16:52 Vertical Coriolis
19:32 Tipping Coriolis
21:34 Canal Sickness
27:01 Stability
29:28 Near-Tear Experiments
Academic articles used:
► Nesti et al. (2014), "Human sensitivity to vertical motion", Exp Brain Res., 232, 303: www.ncbi.nlm.n...
► Harris et al. (2014), "How Much Gravity Is Needed to Establish the Perceptual Upright?", PLoS One, 9, e106207: www.ncbi.nlm.n... (0.15g)
► Cohen et al. (2000), "Effects of Prolonged Centrifugation on Orthostasis", Aerospace Medical Association 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting 2001: ntrs.nasa.gov/...
► Graybiel et al. (1960), "Observations on Human Subjects Living in a 'Slow Rotation Room' for Periods of Two Days", Arch Neurol., 3, 55: jamanetwork.co...
► Theodore Hall (1993), "The Architecture of Artificial Gravity: Archetypes and Transformations of Terrestrial Design", PhD Thesis, University of Michigan: www.artificial-...
► Theodore Hall (2002), "Architectural Considerations for a Minimum Mass, Minimum Energy, Artificial Gravity Environment", SAE Technical paper Series, www.artificial-...
► Online lecture by Theodore Hall in 2015 at SEEDS: • SEDS@UM - Artificial G...
► Holderman & Henderson (2011): www.scribd.com...
► Kirk Sorensen (2005), "A Tether-Based Variable-Gravity Research Facility Concept": www.artificial-...
Video materials used:
► Numerous NASA videos, in particular of ISS, the Dawn Mission, as well Stanford Torus video: • Space Colonization St...
► Nautilus X videos from f r a g o m a t i k: • Nautilus-X - A Real Sp... and • More Nautilus-X
► High G blackout videos from VIDSTORM: • Video
► Inner ear video from Fauquier ENT: • How the Inner Ear Bala...
► World Record 83 G Deceleration Peak on Rocket Sled 1958-05-16 (1967) USAF: • Video
► SpaceX Falcon Heavy test flight: • Falcon Heavy Test Flight
► "ORBIT - A Journey Around Earth in Real Time" by Seán Doran: • Video
► MIT Coriolis demonstration: • Coriolis Effect (B151)...
► MPI CyberMotion Simulator: • The MPI CyberMotion Si...
► Not a video but thanks to Don Davis for his amazing images used
► Rotating simulators by Tom Lechner and William Hoza: www.tomlechner.... and william.hoza.us...
Filmclips, in order of appearance;
► Star Trek: The Original Series (1966-1967, Paramount)
► Star Trek: Enterprise (2001-2005, Paramount)
► Interstellar (2014, Warner Bros)
► 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968, Warner Bros)
► The Martian (2015, 20th Century Fox)
► Avatar (2009, 20th Century Fox)
► Elysium (2013, Sony Pictures)
Music is by Chris Zabriskie (chriszabriskie....) and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (creativecommon..., in order of appearance;
► Cylinder Five (chriszabriskie....)
► Cylinder Nine (chriszabriskie....)
► Cylinder Three (chriszabriskie....)
► We Were Never Meant to Live Here (chriszabriskie....)
► That Hopeful Future Is All I've Ever Known (chriszabriskie....)
► The Sun is Scheduled to Come Out Tomorrow ( / the-sun-is-scheduled-t... )
► Cylinder Seven (chriszabriskie....)
► Cylinder Four (chriszabriskie....)
► Cylinder Eight (chriszabriskie....)
And also...
► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: www.astro.colum...
► Cool Worlds Lab website: coolworlds.astr...
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