Bacteria | Structure and Function
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- Опубликовано: 28 июл 2024
- Official Ninja Nerd Website: ninjanerd.org
You can find the NOTES and ILLUSTRATIONS for this lecture on our website at:
www.ninjanerd.org/lecture/bac...
In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will be presenting on Bacteria and going through their structure and function. We will be going through the differences between a gram negative and positive bacteria and how you can identify these through a gram staining procedure. We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!
Table of Contents:
0:00 Lab
0:08 Bacteria: Structure and Function Introduction
0:30 Overview on Structure of Bacteria
4:55 Bacteria: Appendages
17:54 Endospores
25:25 Cell Envelope
48:30 Differences Between Gram -/+ Bacteria
51:31 Gram Staining Procedure
1:01:29 Atypical Bacteria
1:04:05 Outro: As Always, Until Next Time
1:04:17 Comment, Like, SUBSCRIBE!
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okay, it's almost ridiculous how Zach can teach ANY subject and make it engaging... you guys are a blessing 💕💥🙌
Right?! if microbiology seems fun there must be some dark sorcery involved.
That's why he's NINJA🙇
lololol so reaaaal
🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation:
00:20 🧬 *Introduction to Bacterial Structure*
- Basic overview of bacterial structure.
04:57 🏗️ *Appendages: Flagella*
- Flagella's primary function is motility.
- Structure: Basal body, hook, filament.
- Configurations: Monotrichus, Lophotricus, Amphitrichus, Peritricus.
08:59 🩸 *Appendages: Fimbriae vs. Pili*
- Fimbriae are shorter, thinner; Pili are longer, thicker.
- Fimbriae formed from bacterial chromosome; Pili from plasmid.
- Functions: Fimbriae for attachment, Pili for bacterial conjugation.
18:03 🔬 *Specialized Structures: Endospores*
- Endospores in Clostridium and Bacillus species.
- Purpose: Resistance to harsh environments (heat, UV, chemicals).
- Process: Replication, segregation, formation of spore.
21:52 🧬 *Bacterial Endospore Formation*
- Bacterial endospore formation involves several steps:
*- The mother DNA membrane surrounds the daughter DNA within the forespore.*
*- A double-layered membrane forms around the engulfed daughter DNA.*
*- Mother DNA degrades by specific enzymes.*
*- A peptidoglycan layer is added between the double-layered membrane.*
*- Calcium rushes in, creating a drier environment in the endospore.*
*- A keratin coating is added for resistance to harsh environments.*
25:21 🧪 *Cell Envelope: Capsule and Slime Layer*
- The cell envelope consists of layers, with the outermost being the capsule or slime layer.
*- Capsule: Organized polysaccharide coating, acts as a virulence factor, promoting infection.*
*- Slime Layer: Looser polysaccharide network, allows adherence to surfaces.*
- Significance in clinical medicine: Capsules make bacteria more resistant; vaccines target encapsulated bacteria.
31:41 🚧 *Outer Membrane in Gram-Negative Bacteria*
- The outer membrane is exclusive to gram-negative bacteria.
*- Phospholipid bilayer with porins and lipopolysaccharides (LPS).*
*- LPS structure: Lipid A (endotoxin), Core polysaccharide, O antigen.*
*- Lipid A can stimulate a severe immune response.*
- Gram-negative bacteria examples: Pseudomonas, E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella.
36:23 🧱 *Cell Wall Structure and Function*
- The cell wall provides structural integrity and determines bacterial shape.
*- Peptidoglycan layer composed of NAM and NAG sugar molecules.*
*- Transpeptidase enzyme links glycan backbones, forming peptide chains.*
*- Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer than gram-negative bacteria.*
- Cell wall components include lipoteichoic acid (stimulates immune response) and teichoic acid.
42:57 🧬 *Components of Gram-Positive Bacteria Cell Envelope*
- Overview of the components of the Gram-positive bacteria cell envelope.
- Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer compared to Gram-negative bacteria.
- Significance of lipoteichoic acid, a unique feature in Gram-positive bacteria.
43:52 🏛️ *Periplasm: Space Between Outer and Inner Membrane*
- Definition of the periplasm, the space between the outer and inner membrane.
- Presence of periplasm only in Gram-negative bacteria.
- Introduction of beta-lactamase in the periplasmic space, leading to antibiotic resistance.
46:02 🧪 *Inner Membrane and Penicillin Binding Protein*
- Description of the inner membrane in bacteria.
- Composition of the inner membrane as a phospholipid bilayer.
- Introduction to the penicillin-binding protein and its role in cell wall stability.
51:32 🖌️ *Gram-Staining Procedure Overview*
- Introduction to the gram-staining procedure.
- Step-by-step explanation, including fixing bacteria to a slide, applying crystal violet stain, and adding iodine as a mordant.
- Insight into the purpose of the ethanol wash and the role of safranin as a counter stain.
59:16 🌈 *Gram-Staining Results and Atypical Bacteria*
- Understanding the outcomes of the gram-staining procedure.
- Differentiation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria based on staining results.
- Brief overview of atypical bacteria that do not conform to typical staining patterns.
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Thank you goodness 😂
Wow. Thank you for sharing🥺❣️
❤
😊 thnx
Thanks
Zach, I passed my PANCE. Thank you very very much for all the help you and your team has provided. It is not easy for a 45 year old who was a homemaker for 20 years to get back into learning. But Thanks to you I did it.. Thanks a lot.
HUGE congrats! The PANCE is no walk in the park. What an amazing accomplishment! 😀
Congratulations! Happy for you Mister 😊
@@NinjaNerdOfficial thank you
@@AleksandrSharashkin Thank you
You deserve it ❤ .. Congratulations 🎉🎊
I needed this. 🤩 Would love a microbiology series. Great job.
Yesssss
yes !!
Yes please!!!!!
Yess please
Perfect timing, just about to start my microbiology portion of my class!
same here...
Same here now
same here，I just love his lecturers, absolutely amazing ❤️
Did you graduate
Wait, did I actually started to like microbiology... No way... That was the best microbiology video I have seen on youtube. I didn't know this channel before... I am definitely subscribing now. Thank you a lot!!!
Welcome to the Ninja Nerd community!
You made this topic more interesting. I was so frustrated sitting in my Clinical Bacteriology class for 3 hours lecture because I can't understand a thing.
Also, I had high result in my Biochemistry exam because of your videos. You're an angel!
If every professor would be like You and explains like You do, I would not need to ever open a book. Because everything that you talk about in this video is cristal clear to me now, this is the thing I need. You give me big motivation now. Thank You very much
Man actually you are the best. This is the 3rd year of following your lectures and you still amazes us in the level of explaining and illustrating the hard topics into pieces of cake, thanks our legend.
Was waiting for this!
Sae
Same
Yes, your timing is perfect on this. Thanks for all you do.
Just starting medical microbiology this year, thank you for the timely upload
I'm almost 40 and I'm addicted to your videos for information; you make things interesting and explain easily. Thank you, you're a legend.
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR UPLOADING YOUR FIRST MICROBIOLOGY VID!!! We're waiting for other microbiology videos to be uploaded!! I can't express my appreciation
You're so kind and generous to be doing this for us, for free 🥺💕
I don't know how to thank you Zach for all your efforts and kindness you are super ninja hero of medical students.
May I ask you if you are a medical student ?
@@omarhassan1935 I am and i agree with that. Zach is a hero for me in my studies
So in love with Zach's microbiology, totally admire your passion for medicine, science and teaching!
First time running into your content, conclusion: your enthusiasm is so freaking adorable. Love seeing people passionately sharing their knowledge. You're amazing ❤️
I can't believe the way you teach 😍😍 really unbelievable so so so excellent .
Why our doctors in university don't teach like this 😭😭💔
Hallo Zach, this is amazing! We can't thank you enough! Could you please do more about Bacteriology/Microbiology? Thank you!
Hi Zack, Im From Ghana. Your videos on physiology and biochemistry helped me through first and second years of medical school. The third year which will start in January will be microbiology, pathology and pharmacology. i really wish u will continue with the microbiology series
What’s the duration of ‘medicine’ in Ghana
@@oghenerukevweagofure6975 6 years
The best I have seen in this field,thank you Zach, you're very good
Professor Zach please can you explain and make more videos about these subjects because I’m struggling:-
1-microbiology
2-Pharmacology [like the basics of pharmacology example the ANS relation with drug ]
3-General surgery
4-pathology
5-general medicine
Honestly one of the best explanation in layman terms.. I am having my sister Staphycocculus aureus bacteria developed the resistance and your videos was really helpful in order to understand the complexity.
Thanks alot..
oh wow ı was just searching for ninja nerds microbiology and got sad 1 week ago now here is what ı wanted
You are an amazing teacher ! Thank you so much for making this make sense. Finally Im able to understand what I've been reading for weeks!!! You are a Blessing !!
Thanks Ninja Nerd. I have just completed my bachelor's degree in Biology and I enjoyed your lectures. Selfless people like deserve to enjoy.
You guys really save me during med school... thank you from Germany :)
Hey, sir!
I want to thank you for your efforts. Your videos are one of the best biology sources for me. Keep going!
Your videos are so helpful! Thank you so much for recording and sharing them.
I usually never comment on videos but this exam season you have literally saved me so thank you so much !!!
Antibiotics we need a full lesson
You are amazing ! Thanks for all your help . You truly help me understand what I'm studying
I have taking pre reqs for the dental hygiene program and your videos help in my classes tremendously! I super super super appreciate you!!!❤
Best timing Zach!!!! thank you!! Literally doing microbiology this sem.
We need a video about virology and the multiplication cycles of viruses pleaasseee bec of u I passed last year’s physiology and I came back for microbiology
Your videos are not just helpful, they’re so interesting to watch
I am starting to get the feeling that you guys will be helping me shoot to the top of my class in microbiology too.
This is one of m my y favorite YT channels! You make everything make sense! Thank you! 😊
My Father has passed his Regards and has wished you all the very best for life for being such a great explainer.
This was extremely helpful! I'm in micro currently and needed this! Thanks!
You are the a life saver. Making everything easy and fun. Thank you and your team. All the love from South Africa ❤️
I have an exam in a month and the ONLY reason I am not stressing and struggling rn is because of this channel. Words can’t describe how grateful I am.
What a beautiful explanation, I am enjoying this like a mystery suspense thriller movie. 🥰 Thank you 💓 for this much indepth information..
you are saving my life man, thank you from the bottom of my heart
Microbiology series would definitely be a great aid! Thanks zach.
This is by far my favorite channel!! You are awesome, thank you for the knowledge and dedication
Your lectures are so entertaining and informative. I appreciate your passion; it's absolutely infectious. Never stop teaching, sir.
*On a side note, your sleeve is fricking sick dude.
You cracked me up when you said 'THICKKKKK" when referring to gram + peptidoglycan layer 😂
Thanks a lot my dear instructer i really love ur videos pls continue this useful course of microbiology
First time running into your content, conclusion: your enthusiasm is so freaking adorable. Love
This is awesome …. Thank you for making it so simple to understand. I’ll be watching the rest of lessons. You’re awesome 😊
Bro you the best
Your lectures clear alot of confusion we be having
Thank you so much sir for teaching us in such an easy to understand way
Thank you so much, this video really helps a lot!
Zach and the Ninja Nerd Team are LEGENDS
its so cool you're doing microbiology videos now, when you're gonna talk about streptococcus and the different type of infections ?
I absolutely love your videos
Needed this last year but a little revision doesn’t hurt
watched the whole video and gained so much ... thanks from somewhere around the world :)
thank you very much for this baby steps into microbiology, really aprecciate your effort and passion
This is my med school subject this month God bless you 🙏
bunch of thanks for this more clearer and detailed lecture about bacteria .. you just took more than 1hr of lecture which i partially learned for 5 mos in college and got nothing
This video is perfect and engaging. Thank you so much!
Thank you for such an amazing video. Absolutely helpful and well taught. I'll be watching more of your videos (particularly in this playlist) and have subscribed. The way you have descriptively explained the core principals here is incredible. Thanks again - from UK
Thank you for uploading this just when I needed it?
Zach you are really a blessing... Naturally gifted.... Thank you
Zach is just amazing. A true blessing🥰🥰
I’m so grateful to you. Thank you so much for the wonderful lecture😇
Please ninja nerd release more lectures like this of microbiology especially clinical pathology
Thankyou for this excellent lesson❤
So helpful for my micro midterm, Thankyou so much !!!👏👏
I would be long gone already in the past, if not your great grat videos and explaining, thank you.
Thank you so much for all your videos!!!!!!!!!!!! AMAZING! Couldn't be more useful :)
cant believe how good you are at teaching wow!
We are so so grateful for every video 😊
Thanks! Right when I needed it!
Excelent is the minimum I can say, Zach. Wonderful insights. Tx a lot.
Amazing stuff, please continue bacterial courses ❤🎉❤
Thank u Zach passed my second mb professional examination just because of u
Your help has been invaluable! I greatly appreciate the assistance you have provided me with
Thank you for the video Professor !
Thank you so much Zach you are the best.
Zach Murphy is legendry tutor 🔥
thank you so much for these videos zach!
Damn. You are amazing! You can teach anything, from biochemistry to medicine to microbiology. You are really amazing. Love you. And thank you so much for this beautiful video. 🇳🇬
Thanks so much for this video
Thanks ❤ I can’t believe I’ve watched the whole video without being bored!! I’m an actual nerd now❤
Great discussion doctor, thank you a lot.
Sir I really loved the video. Thank you so much for making this topic so easy to understand. It's a request, please upload videos on other chapters of microbiology.
Love this if there could be a microbiology portion that would be amazing
Stay blessed Zach💙
How i wish you were my professor back when i was in college.
I ❤LOVE ZACH. HYOUR VIDEOS ARE VERY ENTERTAINING YET EDUCATIONAL
we all love u , ur like family to so many of us
Love ur vids , easy and rich , plz keep up the amazing work
Does anyone know what textbook Zach uses for the microbiology material?
Incredible video!! Learnt a tonne! Thanks!
I was zero in micro actually thank u the day before the night was my saviour i studied and watched ur videos till the very end that day
it helps me to understand the material very well. Thank you so much
Please could you make video for the the positive sense and the negative sense mRNA and the 7 types of viruses
Thank you for this.❤
Wow! Just wow! Thankful for you!