Endotoxins vs. Exotoxins

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  • Опубликовано: 31 июл 2024
  • Official Ninja Nerd Website: ninjanerd.org
    You can find the NOTES and ILLUSTRATIONS for this lecture on our website at:
    www.ninjanerd.org/lecture/end...
    In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will be presenting on Endotoxins vs. Exotoxins. We will be teaching you about the differences between an endotoxin and exotoxin, in addition to the three types of exotoxins along with a common example. We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!
    References:
    ● Le T, Bhushan V, Sochat M, Chavda Y, Zureick A. First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2018. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2017
    ● Kumar V., Mbbs, A. A. K., & Md, J. A. C., PhD. (2015). Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (9th ed.). Elsevier.
    ● Mbbs, A. A. K., Md, A. L. H., PhD, & Mbbs, P. S., PhD. (2017). Cellular and Molecular Immunology (9th ed.). Elsevier.
    Table of Contents:
    0:00 Lab
    0:08 Endotoxins vs. Exotoxins Introduction
    0:33 Overview on Endotoxins
    18:13 Overview on Exotoxins
    30:09 Examples of Type I Exotoxin
    33:37 Example of Type II Exotoxin
    38:20 Example of Type III Exotoxin
    43:57 Outro: As Always, Until Next Time
    44:05 Comment, Like, SUBSCRIBE!
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    #ninjanerd #endotoxins #exotoxins

Комментарии • 130

  • @taoficmakaya1727
    @taoficmakaya1727 2 года назад +47

    We need more video about bacteria 🙏

  • @hilaryenglender7521
    @hilaryenglender7521 2 года назад +47

    I am a Microbiologist. and I have learnt so much from this amazing video. 🙏 😊 thanks 🤗👏👍

  • @cayla-ej8vf
    @cayla-ej8vf 8 месяцев назад +13

    Best videos ever... I can't even express this enough. I hope you know how good you are and how many people you help.. thank you...

  • @joshbilly5090
    @joshbilly5090 Год назад +7

    I tested positive for HSV after having a horrible outbreak, and felt the same way you described in your interview. Listening to you share your overcoming experience gave me the glimmer of hope I needed to hear. I am glad that there are people like you out there who just want to help other people who are struggling with the same issues. Your words gave me the courage I needed to hear today to know that it's ok. I can still be myself and now I'm enjoying my life the way I am supposed to. it is a blessing i came across you drotue channel

  • @bushrakhan2615
    @bushrakhan2615 2 года назад +13

    Can't thank you enough for this I was about to start this topic today so happy to see this video posted

  • @Medic81
    @Medic81 Год назад +1

    These lectures are so high quality,. They are great supplemental material for -paid- third party companies who teach STEP1. I will always be a Ninja Nerd. Thanks Zach

  • @kimberlygaray8497
    @kimberlygaray8497 2 года назад +1

    Im currently in Pharmacy School learning about antibiotics/bacterial resistance. THIS HELPED SO MUCH. THANK YOU

  • @lavender-ocean4449
    @lavender-ocean4449 2 года назад +4

    This video is fascinating to me both as a nursing student and someone who suffers from mast cell activation syndrome. thank you so much for this amazing channel!

  • @sibuleleshude3366
    @sibuleleshude3366 8 месяцев назад

    Thank You so much ninja nerd team 🙏♥️ you have no idea how many students you are helping around the world ,and you do that effortlessly

  • @alialsyaghi28
    @alialsyaghi28 2 года назад +3

    pleaseeeeeeeeeeeeeee, continue this playlist for other bacteria🙏🙏
    you're my life savior

  • @Tarteel97
    @Tarteel97 2 года назад +2

    This video was released on my birthday😍 you did amazing as usual! we appreciate you so much

  • @charlyrevels1341
    @charlyrevels1341 2 года назад +5

    Oh man!! To say thank you simply doesn't seem enough!! Deep into my MLT program and as a hybrid student (in person only for labs) this particular course has been a bit of a struggle. Loving this so much! I swear by my near straight A's in my biology and hematology classes because of Ninja Nerd! Thank you!! I agree with below, media lesson (though I have that down) and biochemical testing?? I make my own color coded picture page notes for immunology because of these.

  • @jasonkimball3206
    @jasonkimball3206 2 года назад +1

    Beautiful!! I have been reading lots of studies utilizing endotoxin lately!!

  • @gracesheilamariellemorcill4395
    @gracesheilamariellemorcill4395 2 года назад +2

    Very good explanation and thank you for making this video , such a big help to understand clearly about Exotoxin and Endotoxins.❤️

  • @Thegeekymedico
    @Thegeekymedico 2 года назад +1

    What a timing, I just finished reading this topic 😍

  • @thalysvandenbossche6542
    @thalysvandenbossche6542 2 года назад +9

    I randomely stumbled onto your video sir. I have no microbiology background whatsoever ( i actually study business) but let me tell you that I loved every single minute of your video and learned a lot from it. It took me some time understanding the concepts you explained ( been on the video for over 3h, had to look up definitions that you probably thought were already understood by your viewers but weren't to me ) but you made all of it very clear. You are very eloquent, smily and invested and I thank you enormously for this video. Looking forward to watching more of Ninja Nerd. (not right now though bc it's 2am and I'm exhausted). Keep it up

  • @youreworthyourweightinavoc7189
    @youreworthyourweightinavoc7189 2 года назад +2

    This was so good but I think I'm gonna have to watch it multiple times to actually properly understand and retain it!

  • @universeusa
    @universeusa 2 года назад +2

    This is an amazing journey through the human body. 👏👏👍👌🙏

  • @ali.q44
    @ali.q44 2 года назад +1

    thank u , i wish u could continue this playlist soon

  • @dr.asadabbas6965
    @dr.asadabbas6965 2 года назад +2

    Badly needed ❤️

  • @gospursgo9099
    @gospursgo9099 2 года назад +2

    Thank you Master Ninja! 💓💓🥺🔥

  • @MD-2101
    @MD-2101 2 года назад +1

    You are feeling the mechanism of bacteria Professor, we just study it(
    Thank You very much

  • @joylawrence6481
    @joylawrence6481 2 года назад +2

    Lol... I'm not even in school. Just love your teaching! You really rock!

  • @agfpv
    @agfpv 11 месяцев назад

    Its really comprehensive and amazing video about toxins.

  • @lisa-rouletlawfirm9307
    @lisa-rouletlawfirm9307 2 года назад +1

    This is awesome. Thanks so much!

  • @cabdinaafacxaashi3176
    @cabdinaafacxaashi3176 2 года назад +2

    Thanks my dear lecturer i like how u explain

  • @dayanarosaarciarodriguez8581
    @dayanarosaarciarodriguez8581 2 года назад

    YOUR ARE THE BEST DOCTOR EVER

  • @yahyeabdullahihassan2294
    @yahyeabdullahihassan2294 2 года назад +2

    Very interested in this course so please try to put more videos about microbiology

  • @tchkbty7489
    @tchkbty7489 2 года назад +2

    GEM OF MEDICINE LEARNING.

  • @ssims373
    @ssims373 2 года назад +1

    AMAZING, THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!!

  • @aayushbatra1147
    @aayushbatra1147 9 месяцев назад

    BEST TEACHER EVER
    THANKYOU ZACH❤❤❤❤❤❤

  • @anchitaparnami2470
    @anchitaparnami2470 2 года назад +1

    You are just too perfect 💖

  • @minmyatzaw621
    @minmyatzaw621 9 дней назад

    Love you ,man!

  • @raghadsy3613
    @raghadsy3613 7 месяцев назад +1

    Amazing explanation😍😍
    Thank you💙

  • @user-mx3vh4jo8f
    @user-mx3vh4jo8f 3 месяца назад

    Thank you so much , you are the best , we are looking for more vid.s about bacteria ❤

  • @zuhairyassin505
    @zuhairyassin505 2 года назад +1

    will you please name a textbook you have read to prepare this video i want to know more about the mechanisms of pathogenicity

  • @asadbeksultonov6974
    @asadbeksultonov6974 2 года назад +1

    THAT was GREAT. Thank uuu!!!!

  • @abebedejene2459
    @abebedejene2459 Год назад

    we Ethiopian love you so much! you are really number one lecturer for us! my lord God bless you to eternity! once in your life we beg you to come to Ethiopia and see you while you are giving lecture face to face!!!! let God give you 1000 years to live on earth

  • @whitescpdr
    @whitescpdr 2 года назад +2

    Still waiting for the whole series on individual bacteria, viruses, and so on. :)

  • @Saakkyybb
    @Saakkyybb 2 года назад +1

    Just in time 😍

  • @keishagwen04
    @keishagwen04 Месяц назад

    You are the guy!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
    Thank you.

  • @salamsami2973
    @salamsami2973 2 года назад +1

    Thank you 💖

  • @warankaja2910
    @warankaja2910 2 года назад +2

    Thank you
    Please add more videos🙏🙏

  • @akhilporanki8498
    @akhilporanki8498 2 года назад +2

    You are the best.....

  • @gamzedas1154
    @gamzedas1154 2 года назад +1

    just love it .İ wish you woluld have a fungi video also

  • @zia735
    @zia735 2 года назад +1

    King in medical sciences

  • @aikaterinantoutsouli3191
    @aikaterinantoutsouli3191 2 года назад +1

    I have a naive question. Can endotoxin tolerance be caused by a sublethal bacterial dose?
    Thank you in advance

  • @Tharu204
    @Tharu204 Год назад

    Thank you so much

  • @shohruhbekmirabijonov
    @shohruhbekmirabijonov Год назад

    Thank you very much

  • @Zapatozi
    @Zapatozi 2 месяца назад +1

    This was very helpful. till waiting on thar Streptococcus pyogenes individual video though.

  • @ultimatefocus5918
    @ultimatefocus5918 2 года назад +1

    thanks a bunch.

  • @tadelleyohannes9400
    @tadelleyohannes9400 10 месяцев назад

    Wonderful lecture 👏👏👏

  • @shivanishivani4705
    @shivanishivani4705 2 года назад +1

    please sir make all topics video's...i need it so much.

  • @amalomer7466
    @amalomer7466 2 года назад

    U r the most aaaaaaawesome teacher everr!!!!

  • @SG-ot4uc
    @SG-ot4uc Год назад

    Pleaseeee We need more videos for microbiology about viruses and fungi 🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻

  • @dileepkaiprath2374
    @dileepkaiprath2374 2 года назад +1

    Sir please make vedios on immune response in tissue damage....or injuries to muscle, nerves etc

  • @becherkapuka1405
    @becherkapuka1405 2 года назад

    Thanx very much NINJA NERD

  • @m_m786
    @m_m786 2 года назад +2

    Great ❤️👍

  • @somebody5126
    @somebody5126 4 месяца назад

    Thank you

  • @MohammadRezaKhoshnam
    @MohammadRezaKhoshnam Год назад

    Thanks a million

  • @isabellaoliveira5711
    @isabellaoliveira5711 9 месяцев назад

    Thank you ❤❤❤❤❤❤

  • @debabanighosh4950
    @debabanighosh4950 Год назад

    Very nice explanation.
    Can you kindly make a video on LAL test.

  • @drvicktor7340
    @drvicktor7340 2 года назад +1

    Podrías hacer un vídeo acerca de temblor neurológico?

  • @arvindvignesh4184
    @arvindvignesh4184 2 года назад +2

    thankyou bro...

  • @RTBos194
    @RTBos194 2 года назад

    8:50 Does the stimulation of the hypothalamus leading to fever also have something to do with thyroid hormone release, since they are responsable for thermogenesis and are stimulated by the hypothalamus?

  • @hamnomhamad3578
    @hamnomhamad3578 11 месяцев назад

    fascinating

  • @maseAfttgws12
    @maseAfttgws12 Год назад

    Thank you son much

  • @abebedejene2459
    @abebedejene2459 Год назад +1

    I'm confused with Lipid A and polysacharides component of lipopolysacharides. lipid A is pathogenic not immunogenic but polysacharides are immunogenic but not pathogenic

  • @senuriabeywickrama6550
    @senuriabeywickrama6550 13 дней назад

    thank uu so much sir

  • @anisali9331
    @anisali9331 2 года назад +1

    Informative

  • @user-dn8fk3mw8i
    @user-dn8fk3mw8i 2 года назад

    thank you thank you thank you

  • @user-vt4ec7tk9i
    @user-vt4ec7tk9i 2 года назад +1

    We wait more videos in microbiolog

  • @sawantiparang6660
    @sawantiparang6660 Год назад

    Sir,i eagerly need ur notes

  • @drabdirahmanibrahin6021
    @drabdirahmanibrahin6021 2 года назад

    Thanks

  • @nihalkhan2541
    @nihalkhan2541 2 года назад +1

    Sir can you please share the videos about making solutions * molarity * ppm *

  • @Ahmed99mo
    @Ahmed99mo 2 года назад +1

    The best

  • @RUYINAETENGsMEDICDIARY
    @RUYINAETENGsMEDICDIARY 2 года назад +1

    You are too good!😪

  • @iiazoz4ever291
    @iiazoz4ever291 2 года назад +1

    MORE MICROBIOLOGY VIEOES WILL BE SO GOOD FOR SPECIES OF THE COMMON FAMILES

  • @amalomer7466
    @amalomer7466 2 года назад

    Thank you maaaannnnnnn

  • @GetinetAmha
    @GetinetAmha 9 месяцев назад

    Thanks much,from 🇪🇹 Ethiopian

  • @Sandstorm9562
    @Sandstorm9562 6 месяцев назад

    What about techioc/lipoteichoic acids in the cell wall of Gram positives? Granted they are not LPS but they do produce a similar cytokine cascade that can result in shock

  • @folasadehungbo9150
    @folasadehungbo9150 2 года назад +1

    This is wow

  • @Amarboult
    @Amarboult 2 года назад

    WE LOVE YOU ... ❤❤❤❤❤❤

  • @TP-mv6en
    @TP-mv6en Год назад

    Do cytokines cause fever and vasodilation the same way histamines do?

  • @christinashawgo6510
    @christinashawgo6510 Год назад

    Lipid A-- is that the same thing as Lp(a)??

  • @tmdrkthennakoon7491
    @tmdrkthennakoon7491 2 года назад

    Wow thanx

  • @lillianotuokwu5800
    @lillianotuokwu5800 2 года назад

    great🥰

  • @christinadejean5703
    @christinadejean5703 Год назад

    Is streptolysin leukocidin from Strep pyogenes or S. aureus?

  • @avishikajoshi4798
    @avishikajoshi4798 2 года назад +1

    type 2 exotoxin just flew through my head

  • @rainyday6790
    @rainyday6790 2 года назад

    Genius

  • @brittophone6219
    @brittophone6219 2 года назад

    I love u 😭😭❤️

  • @SarangShoro911
    @SarangShoro911 Год назад

    Beautiful ❤️🥰

  • @muradsultanov8321
    @muradsultanov8321 2 года назад

    Hi there! Just out of curiosity, wanted to clear something. At 31:58 you mentioned that a couple of these cytokines increase the production of the prostacyclin PGE2 and so on so forth. My doubt is that (based on a cursory research) is that PGE2 and prostacyclin are different substances so am I misinterpreting something? Thank you! As always, love your videos. My need for them for medical school is absolutely essential.

    • @shivi733
      @shivi733 Год назад +1

      prostacyclin (PGI2) has a regulatory role within the cardiovascular system, where it promotes vasodilatation and also inhibits platelet aggregation (anti-thrombotic), Also being an important inflammatory mediator.
      PGE2 is a direct vasodilator as it acts on smooth muscle to cause dilation of blood vessels. Also inhibits platelet aggregation and suppresses T cell receptor signaling and proliferation, and may play a role in resolution of inflammation.
      PGI2 exerts its actions on renal function by inducing vasodilatation whereas PGE2 also has a direct action on tubular function.
      Though it's been an year since you asked, hope it helps 🙃

  • @medicalcarehealth
    @medicalcarehealth 2 года назад

    The way you say beautiful :D Gorgeous mind!

  • @biologygeneandbiochemistry1654
    @biologygeneandbiochemistry1654 2 года назад

    Tnx Me zach and robbbb🙏🌹

  • @alsetabwsin4531
    @alsetabwsin4531 2 года назад

    Can U make videos about general pathology please.
    🌸

  • @nihalkhan2541
    @nihalkhan2541 2 года назад +2

    Please cover the solutions in chemistry 😔

  • @bobblob4477
    @bobblob4477 10 месяцев назад

    Your literally so cool

  • @DollyDu_mybest_barbie
    @DollyDu_mybest_barbie 2 года назад +2

    Amazing explanation love from india 🇮🇳❤️

  • @wassimmansouri6015
    @wassimmansouri6015 2 года назад +1

    🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥cool