Did Europeans Enslave Native Americans?
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- Опубликовано: 17 дек 2020
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Here in the United States, when we think about the term "slavery" we think about the transatlantic slave trade and the institution of chattel slavery. But this wasn't the only type of enslavement that took place in the Americas and the Caribbean. Today Danielle looks at the complicated history surrounding the European enslavement of Indigenous peoples.
Special thanks to our Historian Harry Brisson and Archivists Rachel Brice, Jafra D. Thomas, and Alex Hackman on Patreon!
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
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When I was volunteering in the library of the American Museum of Natural History, I had to catalogue a bunch of movies that were shown at the annual Margaret Mead Film Festival. One of them showcased an annual celebration (somewhere in the south but I don’t remember where, possibly Louisiana?) where the descendants of enslaved Africans honor the Native American tribes who sheltered their runaway ancestors and helped them escape.
I wish you could give us more information , it sounds very interesting . As you know there is a lot information behind the scenes in museums,that we don’t get to see because of space and interest.
@@mosijahi3096 I think this is it. Found it on the museum’s website: www.amnh.org/explore/margaret-mead-film-festival/archives/2012/films/bury-the-hatchet
This is on the bright side, but on the other side, I think either the Cherokee or Navajo enslaved black people, and before colonization enslaved other Native Americans. Pretty sure it was Cherokee though
Yes,,, New Orleans area.
When will you americans understand that europe is a continent?
I know that racism in your american nation is a through the roof problem and education not so much. So I don't expect much from you.
Your comment about "not comparing" is very important. I, too often, hear Irish Americans talk about the trafficking of Irish indentured servants as a way to minimize the suffering and legitimate grievances of African-Americans. Whenever I can have the conversation, I explain that what happened to the Irish is a great crime against humanity in so many ways, but that crime doesn't minimize or excuse what happened to African-Americans (or Native Americans, but I do not hear the Irish comment in that context) and that a full and honest reckoning WOULD have to account for the Irish story, and thus it should make (as it once did!) natural allies of the descendants of trafficked Africans and trafficked Irish. The book "White Cargo" addresses this story.
I would argue that far from comparing experiences as a means of "competitive suffering," comparing helps us to recognize the ways by which the powerful construct systems by which human bodies can be commodified and exploited, and further why it is in everyone's interest to uproot these systems, because we can always become the next victims of these systems.
Yea I don't even understand the logic. It's people who view things very racially and think Irish means every white person.
Probably same reason they bring up Africans selling Africans. I don't get the logic. Even some African nations have apologized for their roll.
I don't know what they're going for. Just that it's someway tied to viewing all white people as one group or something.
exactly! my father is American-Irish and I just think people should inform others, but not to minimize someone else’s experiences
All too often European Americans are conflated with colonial Whites and we really hate that.
Sheeeeeeit
The thing is there’s no slaves anymore the reckoning has happened we are all free to move on.
The answer is yes. Hell, by any other name... it still hell.
True, serfdom in Russian Empire was also like slavery in 18th-19th centuries. No matter that is was called differently, the laws subjugated serfs more and more until they were practically slaves
Just like "indentured servitude" of feudal Europe.
Exactly (to both of you), and I'm sure slavery went by many other names as well.
Hell! Truth is Slavery, Colonialism and Colonization are evil things done and benefited by evildoers.
Isn't that a jaw dropping, "mega genocide of indigenous Native Americans, and their population in Continents of America 500 yrs ago was around 15 millions, while European population in Europe was around 25 millions.
Today, Native Americans population at 15 million, while European population, in Continents of America + Europe, at a staggering ONE BILLION". A sad truth.
Why not let Native Americans have Europe, since Europeans have had both North & South America Continents; a fair deal?
'When they first arrived, they had the Bible and we had the land. They said to us: close your eyes and pray. So we closed our eyes and prayed. When we opened our eyes, we had the Bible and they had the land.' ~ Native American Chief
Continent of America is NOT a new world! A website with 2 million views says it all at, blog.chinadaily.com.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=820652
@@ms.gregoria2249 True, Slavery, Colonialism and Colonization are all evil things done by evildoers.
My jaw dropped as I learn, mega genocide of indigenous Native Americans, and their population in Continents of America 500 yrs ago was around 15 millions, while European population in Europe was around 25 millions.
Today, Native Americans population is 15 million, while European population, in Continents of America + Europe, is a staggering 'ONE BILLION'! It is a sad truth.
I agree, about time to decolonize the Colonized lands, and return to rightful owners indigenous Native American people.
True, notorious global cardinal crimes Anglo West has committed, and benefited a great deals, such as Slavery & Colonialism had long been over, why is notorious Colonization still lingering on, which makes sense.
By the way, blog.chinadaily.com.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=820652 is quite informative as well. Thanks.
Short answer: yes.
Europeans came to all America (the continent). South America was widely exploited for gold and silver since the invasion of America.
When will you americans understand that europe is a continent?
I know that racism in your american nation is a through the roof problem and education not so much. So I don't expect much from you.
You americans literally blame 44 nations for slavery in america.
@@FriendlyCroock America is also a continent not a country.
The colonists are different from the migrant Europeans
I have a question, why the south is seen as racist
( I am not American )
40 million people still enslaved in the world. Hot damn, we humans can really suck as a species. :(
Not included people who are enslaved and mistreated in jails.
We can improve. Bit by bit
@Your Majesty,
But my majesty, should we not take it to 1 billion, kind sir?
Not to mention the hundreds of thousands of Uighurs being put in concentration camps.
@@ElNegringoKreyolito How long must they remain slaves? Not bit by bit. Now is the time to release them from slavery.
This a very good episode. Living in Humboldt County Northern California It is especially relevant. California was a Slave state for Natives. They would round them up and send them north or south away from their homeland. it was mostly children and mostly women. The Men were hunted for scalps. Check out the history of the Humboldt and specifically the Jacoby Storehouse in Arcata. It's on stolen Wiyot land and is a standing monument to the not too distant genocidal enslaving past of California.
This is really important work to help rebalance the history we were taught in English schools when I was growing up (through the 1960s & 1970s).
Thanks also for the references which help to reinforce the academic underpinnings of this work.
Hey, may I ask something? I have recently become very interested in Welsh history and culture, and I want to know how was Wales portrayed in history lessons in England in the past, even in the recent past? And Ireland? As I know there was some anti-Celtic sentiment spread in the British Empire. Did it survive until recently? Also, how was the Anglo-Saxon invasion and settlement taught?
Thanks if you find any time to answer this
Nupuqi Om-Re Khonectics chamber degrees will guide you
Great content, have you guys thought about doing a video on East African/Middle Eastern slave trades? This part of history is largely ignored for some reason and would love to see a video on that topic in this style.
The Arabic slave trade . Lots of good documentaries on it . Search for "Arabic slave trade "
White people also was slave in barbary slave trade and arabs enslaved White and blacks in arab slave trade and castrated and killed their slaves and called abeed their black slaves but ok arabs are politically correct
@Bingo Duff why are you here ?
...I really wish "like" wasn't the option, 'cause everyone should dislike the events you're describing, but as always, you're telling an important part of history, far too important to ignore.
Liking the video sure doesn't mean liking the practices that are the content. We have to study what happened to understand how they became the practices that must be changed today. A part of my family escaped from the trail of tears and the love of a caretaker of African decent gave me an early understanding that the system was wrong when I was young. It is still wrong in the final years of my life even though some changes for the better have been made. I don't know what more I can do to help everyday life reach the point where people are treated with dignity and respect. Where every young person is given opportunity to become the best that they can be without outside forces pushing them down. Is that to much to ask.
@Balmung Barbossa its all important 😇 native americans should never go against eachother its just a trap, we all are connected no matter how different, and all tragedies (a lot) in our history need to be told
@Balmung Barbossa but they did not slave the son and daugthers of their enemies for generations and then gain money out of them to further opress their descendants. Europeans did it worse in the grand scheme of things.
@Balmung Barbossa You're talking like Ricegum. "Yeah, I promoted gambling to kids, but so did these guys". No matter who did it, doesn't mean it's okay. And Europeans did it in way larger scale, it was race driven(since there weren't much European slaves in the Americas it seems), and owned generations of slaves.
@@tiarezavaleta8850
When will you americans understand that europe is a continent?
I know that racism in your american nation is a through the roof problem and education not so much. So I don't expect much from you.
Thank you for covering this! My ancestors’/people’s enslavement is so incredibly overlooked just because of how poorly documented it is here in the U.S. (or at least for how hard they tried to erase this from history). However we can still see many examples, and the effects Native enslavement had on our continents when looking at other countries like Latin American ones. I’ll forever be proud to be a descendant of the amazing native people🥰
@@Declan_Moriarty I mean one of the most influential countries in the world resides on our continent, and the entire basis of their constitution was influence by a political system developed by the Iroquois, so I think it’s fair to say my ancestors/people have earned the right to that title☺️
@@Declan_Moriarty No personal offense, but your formal and social education were sorely lacking
@@Mojabi_ghost but natives have the same rights as whites since 1512
@@giorgiofontane2655 I mean thats the bare minimum considering the in humane tragedies they’ve had to face
@@Mojabi_ghost If the Native Americans were slaves, then why when Christopher Columbus conquered America, why did Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabel I of Castile signed Laws of Burgos in 1512, recognized the natives as humans and had the same rights as whites and it was a crime to have a native like a slaves.
But why was it completely legal to have Afro slaves, because they were not considered human.
Also the Spanish Crown used the term Natives y Naturals to describe Native Americans.
But why were there three laws in 1500 that explained that it was a crime to have Native Americans or Native Americans as slaves?
So the Native Americans had three Laws that protected them, Laws of Burgos 1512, Laws of India 1542, and The New Laws 1680.
While it was completely legal to have Afro slaves from 1400 and much further back to 1500, in North America in the southern states, until 1960 you could still legally have Afro slaves. And in South America it continued and it was completely legal to have Afro slaves until 1980.
There's something about the way this girl speaks that makes me think she'd do great on TV! Great video
Shoutout for the book mentioned. My wife bought it for me as a Xmas present. I can't wait to get started.
Best educational channel out there :) I hope you never leave us.
Paul Lannister unfortunately today the announced that they are stopping this channel. So sad
@@isabelab6851 😦
The Canadian Northwest company, before merging with the British Hudson's Bay company, traded indigenous women to punish indigenous men who refused to work for them when forcing alcohol dependency didn't work.
I'd like to see a video on the Chinese head tax in Canada if there isn't one already.
Great segment. Thank you.
Yes, and some of my native ancestry is descendents of those slaves.
Need to talk about haciendas and how the mexican revolution removed "servitude".
Fr
OK chicano
Deberia enseñarse más en las escuelas.
My Maternal Nanna used to have a native maid when she was in Mexico.
Thank you for teaching us about this!
This was a revelation to me because My family comes from Oklahoma and has Creek lineage but we are black. It never occurred to me that we were enslaved by the creek people rather than being saved by them
From my understanding of the relationship between black people and the Seminoles/ Creek here in Florida, most black people within the tribes "enslaved" by them in name only. I don't know the extent of their autonomy but there were seen as virtually equal members the tribe. The purpose of the enslavement was as a means of having the white settlers recognize that, otherwise, they would see a free black settlement and destroy it, bringing the people back to enslavement. But if they were the "property" of the Seminoles, they would respect that and leave them alone. By the time of the Seminole wars, that began to matter less and less as both groups were being targeted. I don't know it was in Oklahoma, I heard the Creek there practiced the same chattel slavery you see in the rest of the South.
My friend who is Seminole is also African on both maternal & paternal sides.
Nupuqi Om-Re Khonectics chamber degrees will guide you
@@bucktooth002 if you are African then not native anymore
@@giorgiofontane2655 You could be both, must be a surprise to you. It is called being mixed.
It took me nearly the entire video before I realized she was wearing a Sailor Moon shirt. I was so focused on what she was saying, which is a good thing, I guess!
Wow thank you so much for sharing this so needed content! As a Mexican here, I feel the past and present systems of enslavement of indigenous peoples is not as discussed and understood consciously as it should :( thank you for allowing me to understand the context better.
That’s because the Spanish kings and queens did **not** give the ok to enslave natives. It was illegal and Queen Isabella made sure of it, look up the New Laws and the Laws of Burgos.
I absolutely love this series; I've been enlightened on so many aspects and factual content. OMG this is a God send for me and my family with whom I will share these segments with. The host is amazing and awesome and thank you PBS for opening channels to information that would never be known if it wasn't for your vastness of information shared.
Thank you for such a powerful and heart-breaking video. You delivered this terrible history with grace.
Happy to watch a slower talking longer video. Love the details.
watching this video again a year later and it's still the masterpiece it was back then-thank you again for this video!
I had no idea about this!! Thank you so much for making this video!!
Thank you for posting this. Very informative. I love this channel!
I really love learning from your videos!!! 👏👏👏
Thanks for sharing this important information!
Thank you for your dedicated work
Really informative, thanks for making this.
Thank you for this eye opening informative video ,history is amazing I love learning about it ❤. Great video
Sailor Moon vs Knight of the Zodiac-Saint Seiya
?
@@Peecamarke
Look at the shirt that she wearing throughout her video.
@@whathell6t holy crap 😳 can't believe I didn't notice. Good lookin out 👍🏿
I came here from 2 cents, and I'm glad I did. Great information, really in depth. This video should have so much more views and you so many more subscribers! Thank you.
I absolutely love your videos!
What a segment! Thank you so much for all your hard work.
That was an amazing class. Thank tou!
Great topic!
I love these videos so informative
I’ve also heard things about certain Native American tribes owning African slaves
Important to note only 5 out of hundreds though
Yes they did, It's the main reason why most Native Americans joined the Confederacy in the civil war
@@isprikitikburkabush6200 not true many had black slaves to save them and free them later on unless they had them for a bit not for long tho like Europeans they couldn’t give up for 500 years and till now.
@@alexchavez3244 that’s fully untrue the native tribes that owned slaves actually had to be forced to give up the slaves later than the white people because the emancipation proclamation didn’t apply to the they had to have their own separate agreement! There were slave revolts against native slave owners just like the white ones! And native Americans were notorious slave catchers all over the US. They were paid to bring slaves back with bounties sometimes dead or alive! The idea of this cumbaya between natives and black slaves is a fairy tale that many people still believe. Most black folks think they have Indian in them but it’s usually just white ancestry. The natives and blacks in those days rarely Mixed
@@alexchavez3244 you don’t own another human to save them from being owned by another human! You own them to work them and that’s what they did
Loved the sentiment at the end ♡ it explains so well why we need historians.
Historians of color*
What does skin color have to do with being a good historian or not? Oh yeah, nothing.
@@robertortiz-wilson1588 literally everything…this is giving son of a Karen energy.
Thank you for explaining
Love your videos!!
I had someone tell me that African American were treated worse than Indigenous people throughout history and today. I told them that there is nothing productive in comparing suffering and abuse of groups of people but they seemed to not want to change their mind.
Thank you for covering this topic. So much context and shades of grey. Slavery is atrocious no matter who is perpretating it. I hope we all become more sensitive to what is slavery today and work to abolish it.
I love your Sailor Moon tee, btw!
Absolutely love this! Is there a transcript for this video? Is there similar one for 5th grade students?
Thank you.
This is AMAZING!!!
First of all love your work. 👍🏾
Not sure if it was said but Seminoles didn’t enslave Africans. They broke away from the Creek because of the slavery question. They actually fought several wars vs the U.S. side by side with liberated Africans. Florida was the southern route of the Underground Railroad which included Seminole lands and ultimately ended in the Bahamas.
Come to think of it, THAT would make a nice video.
excatly and its litterly the white majority that tries to pit natives and black americans agaisnt eatchother by fabricating the idea that natives had "black slaves" when in reality natives and inslaved liberated africans banded together to fight there opressers
love the Sailor Moon t-shirt! Also, I love this channel!
Have we forgotten the slavery perpetrated upon Africans and Europeans by the Arab empires before western colonialism? Chattel slavery did not start in 1619.
yes but you’re most likely a western person living in a western country, we live with the legacy of western colonialism
thank you for this video!!! i came across resendez's book a while back and it makes me so sad as an indigenous person it makes me so sad that i didn't even know my own history im so glad yall covered it and im hopefully for future generations with such easy access to the truth it will be hard for the various empires of the western hemisphere to continue to pretend we all centuries ago
you gotta be joking
@@giorgiofontane2655 about? lol
@@yesid17 there wasn't such a thing as "the other slavery"
@@giorgiofontane2655 source?
@@yesid17 history
So excellent. Thank you.
I like your summary statements very much. It affirms why I became a historian while reminding me that not everyone believes that working for equality for all is the goal.
I throughly enjoyed this segment but I also want to highlight how dope her sailor moon shirt is!
You know who’s not dope for even believing the slavery of people of colour isn’t half as bad as shows he hates that are actually awesome?!
www.dailymotion.com/video/x7omlgq
Tomahawk is the language of 🇰🇷Korea. It was an ax used by the Indians, and was erroneously recorded at the time. In fact, the word tomahawk is TO MAK (cut = cut), which means to cut wood in Korean. This is mislabeled as a tomahawk. Dictionary records that the origin of the tomahawk is derived from the North American Indian Algonquin word otomahuk. In fact, "otomahuk" is 🇰🇷 in Korean, meaning a log house made of wood. This is what Koreans call “Oh Domak”. I discovered and restored the etymology of the first human beings, and the etymology of the Korean language and English. We also restored the history of 🇰🇷Korea.
Hey great content! Im new here ^^ can you make a video with the origin of capitalism? Or money?? 3_3 idk i once heard there said it begins to 'remove' monarchy, is it true? Or its about smth else? Im honestly curious 👉👈✨
Its not only blacks that suffered and went thru slavery. Both indigenous and blacks have gone thru alot of brutal abuse. Very sad.
This is a historical video and I learned many things this morning.
This video is progress, a lot of “Latino” and “Hispanics” all come with some sort of horror story the farther back they can trace their native lineage. I can’t trace back my family tw much farther then my great grandfather, and that’s only cause it’s confirmed that he was a Zapatista close to a hundred years ago, and judging from what went on a hundred years ago, I don’t care you know the details too much.
Love your videos
I love all your vids ❤
I Loved how you broke all this down. Reminds me of D. Callaway ijhtmyt
I descend from the Mayflower passenger Samual Fuller who is known to have a Native American slave named Joel. This history is often forgotten.
I just wish people would understand that there is a difference between oppressed in the past and currently being oppressed every american regardless of skin color should be forced to live on a reservation for a year as a young adult to know what it truly means to be a second class citizen
Just wondering if you are working on a video - Regarding the religions views influence affect on slavery!
Why are the comments turned off on some videos??
Excellent.
There are people who still deny the enslavement of native americans in Mexico, their argument being that most mexicans are of spanish and native american mixed descent. Yet, native americans remain the most marginalized group in the country by far. And the caste system that was established in the colonial period; supposedly an old, overthrown system, remains relevant today; the whiter you are, the higher your social status is.
Actually, the real argument and proof they did not enslave natives in Mexico is the historical presence of the Laws of Burgos and the New Laws. Queen Isabella and her grandson Charles V passed these laws to make clear that Natives could not be enslaved.
"Enslavement by Europeans became about what you looked like rather than the merely unlucky circumstances by which natives enslaved people." (psst...natives only enslaved peoples who looked and acted culturally different than them too).
These apologetics for native slavery are pretty effing weak.
Native Americans slavery was different you can get out and be part of the tribe or the civilization in Europeans slavery you couldn’t be free tho.
Native slavery was largely more so an induction into the tribe. European slavey was property rights and chattle.
I grew up in Mississippi (now living in Italy) and knew about some slave owning choctaws although wonder how widespread it was. There was a black reconstruction senator from Mississippi who owned a plantation. How were his workers treated or did economic interests override morality as they often do
Loved the way you ended the video.
I love your t shirt!! Salir moon❤️
Do you guys have any good sources on pre-colonial Liberian history? Or West African philosophy.
Would be a good topic, finding out about Liberian history is just as weird as learning that the five civilized tribes engaged in chattel slavery.
@@2122Hellfire which tribes?
@@g.gg.g4539 it’s in the video, but Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw and Seminole.
that's an unfortunate time in history. Where are you from though man
@@g.gg.g4539 United states
Even though "Death Comes for the Archbishop" is a work of fiction Willa Cather based the story on historical facts. The novel touches on the plight of the Pueblo peoples under the thumb of Spanish clerics. The people of Acoma exacted revenge in the form of summary execution of a tyrannical priest who caused the death of a servant while in a fit of rage.
You should do a video on how public schools started in America.
Didn’t one Spanish king complain about enslavement of natives? Also the one dude who decided against Native enslavement and then also against enslavement of Africans?
The first Spanish monarchs to rule over the Americas all passed laws against slavery of the Indigenous, you are correct. Also, they intermarried with many Indigenous nobles, that is also why they treated the Moctezumas highly in Europe, and their descendants are all over the European nobility and royalty.
Let's remember that the Spanish only had the Philippines colonized at this time and this is where their slaves of color came from not Africa..the Portuguese had an African colony.. the English dominated white slavery in America and had the triangular slave trade and entered the trans slave trade much later.. the American Indians were people color as the Africans were which is why the slave trade was started with them
My sisters wedding was sailor moon themed cool shirt👍🏼
I mean, Alaskan enslavement didn’t become legally challenged (from my understanding) until the later 1900's after the Civil Tribes had already been forced to give up slavery.
Can you cover, in one of your videos, how Walter Pleckers 'Racial Purity Act' reclassified Virginia natives, or anyone for that matter, as colored if they had 1/8 African ancestry. Colored later reclassified as black, negro, then African American. Thank you for being so diligent. I thoroughly enjoyed your presentations. Peace young scholar.
Especially when the very same white descendants of Pocahontas, who never considered those primitive descendants of slaves as brethren, were given the exception and considered white even if they had 1% Amerindian genetics that can all go back to the very early days of colonialism
"Moon Cosmic Power Make-up!"
...luv the sailor moon T...
Great video but it quickly glosses over what anthropologists across the world are currently starting to teach. Simply put that in 1491, before European expansion, 35-40% of Meso-Americans were slaves.
I love your T-shirt
Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee and the Seminole Indians did not not participate in chattel slavery 🤦🏾♂️ I thought she did actual research… There were Indian tribes who actually did but not those 5, just because Africans were a part of the tribe doesn’t mean they were slaves… I don’t understand why those tribes were mentioned instead of the ones that actually did participate??? 🤔
You did have mixed race (white) individuals who became the elites of those five tribes and did have plantations.
Slavery in the US is still legal. Prisons and jails can force prisoners into involuntary, unpaid work.
Don’t you get money on you’re books tho I heard maybe check it again.
Bro I just realized she has a sailor moon shirt
Yes
Answer: of course
4:33 When you said "... and eventually, England, would come to dominate the trafficking of Africans...", it has somewhat of an irony to it, as, at that time (the Tudor dynasty), slavery was not practised at all.
In 1452, Pope Nicholas v issued a papal bull "Dum Diversas" which granted the Portuguese to enslave any "non-Christian" peoples, which he then further qualified in 1455, justifying it by stating that non-Christian peoples had 'primitive living practises" which were "a violation of natural law".
Due to a mixture of the rights-orientated attitude the English had acquired back in 1215 with the Magna Carta, and hot on the heels of the schism of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534 (just 18 years before the first papal bull), historian Onyeka (author of "Blackamoores: africans in Tudor England") believes the newly-religiouly-independent English of the time may have wanted to distinguish themselves from the Catholic Church and from its biggest sponsors, Spain and Portugal, by allowing Africans to be free in England.
While between 1502 and 1619, Spain and Portugal transported over 370,000 enslaved Africans across the Atlantic, for around half of that period, until England joined them in 1562, England came, not necessarily a haven for escaped or freed Ibero-Africans, but a place where they were more equal to the average Englishman than their Spanish equivalents.
A particular favourite Afro-Tudor of mine lived in my local area just over 500 years ago...
In 1501, at the age of 15, Catherine of Aragon travelled from A Coruña to England and married Arthur, Prince of Wales (the older brother of Prince Henry. With her, she brought a West African man, her personal slave, named by the Spanish "Juan Blanco" (a name most likely given to him in bad taste by the royal court of Aragon, Spain). The man immediately became free upon setting foot in England.
5 months after the marriage, Prince Arthur died and Prince Henry went on to become Henry VIII, taking his deceased brother's wife as the first of his, eventually, six wives. Juan Blanco became "John Blanke, and became a professional trumpeter playing for the royal court of England and receiving a very generous salary as well as a state pension.
In 1512, he married "Mary", most likely a white English woman, in St Nicholas Church, just 3-4 minutes walk from where I live, (to be married there, a Catholic church - before the schism - he must have been baptised), and as a wedding gift he was given an array of gifts from the royal closet by none other than King Henry VIII.
He is even depicted in a tapestry known as the "Great Tournament Roll of Westminster" which has survived in official UK archives.
The relatively civil treatment of Africans in England ended in 1562 when John Hawkins sailed (from Deptford, my local area) to Guinea in the Hispaniola and stole gold from the Portuguese... and 300 African men, going on to sell them in the "New World" and kicking off England's, (and in less than 150 years, Britain;s) part in the Triangular Transatlantic Slave Trade, (also known by some academics as "Maafa" - a word used to impress the gravity of the abuse, while wisely avoiding calling it 'the African Holocaust").
THIS IS STRAIGHT UP FACTS.
NEVER
The Taino were peaceful people who did not enslave no one.
Yet were the first to be enslaved.
In the 'new world'
Preach. The worst things happen to the best people.
The encomienda looks like servitude in feudal Europe. And the feudal servitude looked like slavery.
@sneksnekitsasnek well the servitude ended in all today's Spain in late XV century. ( Catalonia was the last to free the serves).
yes
I have that same sailor moon top. In pink as well 😉
Greed is a helluva thing.
The RUclipsr city beautiful did a video on the laws of the indies but he video mostly focused on the city planning aspect which is what his channel is about
Ty for bringing this to peoples opinions I'd love if you do an episode on why there are so few of us left and how the oil companies still draw oil and gas from our lands and my uncle has gas and oil being drilled on his property if he shuts it off when they don't pay him they put him in jail and last year his check was for 4 dollars and 43 cents for the whole year..... They can't even afford running water his wife is sick from the leaching of chimicls in there well
I couldnt help bur notice the salor moon shirt
Funny how the title is a question 😆