Tandem enzymes or Bifunctional Enzymes:Phosphofructokinase 2 /Fructose 2,6 bisphosphatse (PFK-2)

This video is about tandem enzymes
Tandem enzymes are also known as Bifunctional Enzymes
Phosphofructokinase 2/Fructose 2,6 bisphosphatse
PFK-2/F-2,6 BP
Tandem enzymes refer to a group of enzymes that work together in a sequential manner, often within the same metabolic pathway or biochemical reaction, to catalyze a series of consecutive reactions. These enzymes are physically associated or organized in close proximity to facilitate efficient transfer of intermediates between them.
The arrangement of tandem enzymes allows for the seamless transfer of substrates and products between the active sites of the individual enzymes, enhancing the overall efficiency of the pathway. This spatial organization minimizes the loss of intermediates and helps to channel the reaction products directly from one enzyme to the next.
Tandem enzymes play a crucial role in various metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid biosynthesis. They enable the stepwise conversion of substrates into final products by providing a controlled and efficient environment for the reactions to occur.
One example of tandem enzymes is found in the glycolysis pathway. In glycolysis, a series of enzymes work together in a stepwise manner to convert glucose into pyruvate. Enzymes such as hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase act sequentially, with each enzyme catalyzing a specific reaction in the pathway.
Tandem enzymes can also be found in multi-enzyme complexes, where several enzymes are physically associated as subunits within a larger protein structure. Examples of such complexes include the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the citric acid cycle enzymes within the mitochondria.
The organization of tandem enzymes and multi-enzyme complexes provides several advantages, including increased catalytic efficiency, reduced diffusion limitations, and enhanced regulation of metabolic pathways. These arrangements allow for tighter control over the flux of substrates and products and enable the coordination of multiple reactions within a pathway.
Overall, tandem enzymes are important components of metabolic pathways, facilitating efficient and coordinated enzymatic reactions for the synthesis, degradation, and transformation of various molecules in living organisms.

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