How did the Abbasid Caliphate Collapse? | 833CE - 1258CE | Al Muqaddimah & Knowledgia
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- Опубликовано: 25 мар 2019
- This video was made in collaboration with Knowledgia. I guess, most of you have already seen it but uploading it here for the people who haven't.
The Abbasid Caliphate succeeded the Umayyads after having overthrown them. At its zenith, it controlled Persia, Syria, Egypt and Arabia. It also started the Golden Age of Islam by sponsoring science, art and culture. The famous Harun ar-Rashid is probably the most well-known caliph, even in the west.
However, like all great empires, it didn’t last long. As it grew in size, it got weaker and more unstable, like, all empires. Corruption, political rifts and increasing control by mercenaries all led to the collapse of the empire. Sorry for the spoiler but it’s nothing you wouldn’t know in the first ten minutes of the video… which is like eleven minutes long.
Don't forget to like, comment, share and subscribe.
Disclaimer: The maps and flags in the video are not 100% accurate. Some maps and flags are difficult to find and so, are estimations.
Be sure to check out my Patreon Page. Even if you can't pledge, still visit it and check out the content I'll post there.
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Music by epidemicsound.com
If you had a problem with the video, or found something to be incorrect, please send me a message, rather than being a jerk and reporting it.
Correction: Damascus was never part of the Crusader states. This was because of a technical error which I didn't get till I was told by your comments.
There was an attempt to take it in the Second Crusade but it did not succeed.
@@EasternRomanHistory Deus didn't Vult, I guess.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT Haha, good one. Not on that occasion no.
Damascus was never a part of the Crusader states. But it was an ally of the Crusaders. Several times even - against the Ayubids and Seljuks.
It was however an independent Muslim emirate that was allied with Jerusalem, and so it became a target in the second crusade before the Zengids could take it.
"I'm sorry I can't hear you." That part really got me laughed.
6:31 I wouldn't consider myself an expert on the time period, but I'm pretty sure that Damascus was never at any point ruled by Crusaders.
Haha, you're right. I have no idea how I completely missed that. I'll add that in the video's description. Thank you.
I actually have realized that my approach to maps is very bad. Usually, we have trouble knowing what city was under whose control at any point in time unless it was a significant city or played a significant part in that story so I'm changing the way I do maps.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT hello I apologize for any inconvenience but what does Al Muqaddimah translate to in English thank
It means, "The Introduction". It's a book by Ibn Khaldun. Usually, it's said to be a part of "An Introduction to History".
@@AlMuqaddimahYT You could check out mapping videos by Ollie Bye on youtube for good maps. You are doing a great Job albeit!
I found this channel via UsefulCharts & Knowledgia!
I cannot wait to see you cover the spread of Islam to places such as Bosnia.
I really enjoy your videos.
Even though I watched it on Knowledgia already, I didn't mind watching it again.
Much love and support!
Yes I am interested in that too as I am studying history in Bosnia :D
I can help. I am a historian from Bosnia
@@belminkrhan374 why did the Bosniaks convert to Islam?
@@Torag55 Cleaner religion, we were bogumiles before which was similiar to islam so we had no trouble converting.
@@Aymg Ah I see. Though I wonder if you Bosniaks are more secularist than religious.
machiavelli was right about mercenaries
Haha, yes!
Awesome to see someone do a series on islamic history. Keep up the good work!
Also at this time the Eastern Roman Empire was in a period of revival under the Macedonian emperors, with successes in the east really beginning under Leo VI onwards. The last trully threatening Arabian ruler Al-Mu'tasim with his attacks during the reign of emperor Theophilos. I think these exertions against the ERE at a time like you described probably didn't help stablise the Abbasid Caliphate, despite Mutasim's successed in prosecuting the war.
What do you think?
Those wars, fought at the hands of paid soldiers, were incredibly expensive and accelerated the fall of the Abbasid Empire.
Brilliantly done!!
I feel so lucky to have found this channel.
Thanks, please upload more videos. I respect the effort and research you have put into these videos.
your videos are so thoroughly explained..
it's beautiful
This has got to be one of the best videos on Islamic history I've ever seen. Everything going on at the time was intertwined with one another in various ways, and this video condenses everything together into one epic.
Thank you for these videos. I find them very informative and interesting.
Will you be covering the spread of Islam outside the middle east at some point? Such as Spain(Al-Andalus), Mali, Sicily, East Africa, India, China etc...
Obviously, I am but the process is slow because I'm just one dude and I have to do so much research and animation so, that's why it's going slow.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT good luck
@@AlMuqaddimahYT May Allah bless you with knowledge brother..!
Informative, nuanced and amazing narration. Keep up the amazing work! 💗🤞✨
Another week, another great video from Syawish. Keep up the great work brother❤
Best wishes
-Shaheer
Great content. I will keep on watching this.
Great video my brother i will support you on patreon and share your videos _ you got a new follower from iraq ❤
This channel is taking off i found this channel when it had 300sub now almost 3k salam from a mauritan fan 🇲🇺
Haha, thank you for your support.
I love ur work..... m not a Muslim but i m a history geek and m fascinated by the rapid expansion of Islam through out the world..... Besides would u be covering the early campaigns of the ummayads in the Indian subcontinent.... Keep up the good work... Love from india
I'm the same, as a lover of culture in general, although I don't have a muslim upbringing I think it would be foolish to ignore a culture that had such a huge impact on our world. After all, even me a Brazilian on the other side of the World was indirectly effected by the history of Islam. Since the nation of my ancestors was once a muslim nation, portuguese even has some Arabic influence!
I'm just like you 😊
Matheus what a nice comment you have made..may God keep you safe
Wow I've barely seen any Non Muslim from India like you Much love ❤️
Awesome work. Also make video on HOW THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM WORKED IN RASHIDUN CALIPHATE.
Thanks, sure.
As always loved your video...
Keep going...😊😊
Amazing work! God bless you!
Great work. It it up. Also bring the next episode in this series.
Good job man,,,I really enjoyed every video and saw them again and again,,keep it up man
Noi baring vidio
To be honest you people are doing great. Carry on brother. Best wishes from Bangladesh.
Great content! Keep on the good work
another great documentary! keep it up!
awesome work! we need a full series on the Futuhat!
Love your videos, really clear. I really like this one as well but at one point I kind of lost track of the names, they were a bit of a blur of sounds for me. It would help if you displayed the names as you day them like you have in some other videos.
Makes it a bit easier to follow.
Your videos are of immense help to me!
Syrians: *exist*
Egyptians: MEATS BACK ON THE MENU BOYS
I'm in an Arab history class right now and this channel's definitely going to help. I'm subbing man! Looking forward to more.
5:07 I thought Muslims labeled Jews and Christians as, "Peoples of the book" And that's why there weren't many massacres by Muslims towards Christians
Thanks.
Muslims still call them "People of the Book" but sentiments change. When Muhammad arrived in Madinah, we wanted to ally with the Jews but ended up expelling and killing quite a few of them.
Islamic history has been ignored quite a bit, I’m glad this channel exist
such awesome content!
Great work!
You doing a great work
New subscriber
What video comes after this series. I am captivated by this presentation.
What happens after can you please share the video. Jazack Allah
You deserve my sub
A great video. Will you cover Ikhanate, the Mongol state after the fall of Baghdad in 1256? I think Mongols are another important factor to Islam history, such as Timur and the Munghal.
Yes, over time. The Mongols reshaped the world, including the Islamic Empires so, obviously, I will cover them.
basically Timur and Mughals were more Turk than mongols
very nice video... pls also do a video about the invasion of India
and their dynasties
Using mercenaries = guaranteed disaster. Great video!
Machiavelli came too late to warn us.
MALAY SUBTITLES Part 3 of 3
08:51
mayat sangat teruk sehingga Hulagu tidak tinggal lama di bandar Kata mangsa yang selamat
08:56
bahawa perairan Tigris berwarna hitam dengan dakwat dari sejumlah besar buku
09:00
jatuh ke sungai dan merah dari darah para saintis dan ahli falsafah yang terbunuh.
09:05
Bandar ini hancur hancur sehingga hari ini, tidak ada tanda-tanda bandar inti, yang
09:09
bandar damai yang bulat, telah dijumpai.
09:12
Khalifah dibunuh, orang Mongol takut menumpahkan darah kerabat diraja, jadi dia digulung
09:16
berkeliaran di karpet dan dipijak oleh kuda. Akhir Bani Abbasiyah di Baghdad.
09:21
Namun, salah seorang putera Abbasiyah diberi perlindungan oleh Mamluk Mesir. Dia dan dia
09:26
keturunan memegang gelaran khalifah, hanya atas nama, selama tiga ratus tahun.
09:31
Pada tahun 1517 CE, Sultan Uthmaniah, Selim menyerang Mesir dan mengambil gelaran khalifah untuk dirinya sendiri.
09:39
Hampir satu milenia setelah kematian Muhammad, gelaran khalifah diberikan kepada seseorang di luar
09:43
Suku Muhammad, orang Quraisy.
09:46
Jumpa lagi lain kali.
So many events and people's in one video.. its hard to keep track
I have read that the different separatist dynasties like the Tulunids, Saffarids, Samanids etc. still at least nominally acknowledge the caliph's sovereignty. But what about the Umayyad in Al-Andalus pre-929? I have also read the Idrisids in Maghreb did not, is that true? What about the Karakhanids in Transoxiana?
Could you do a video on early Ottoman history? I am watching the Ertugrul series and I know it is a fanciful retelling of events that is very sympathetic to the Ottomans but it got me interested in the actual history.
At some point, yes. Not at the moment, though. You might have to wait a bit.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT God is with the patient
I like your accent. 😂. Thanks for the video
could you make video about the establishment of ottoman empire?
1:48 would probably be one of basim's assassination! Anyone here from the AC Mirage announcement?
i just wanted to say that you included prophecies you also should have added the prophecy of mongol invasion
“The Hour will not be established till you fight with the Khudh and the Kirman from among the non-Arabs. They will be of red faces, flat noses and small eyes; their faces will look like flat shields, and their shoes will be of hair.”
Ali Sher Well what happend to the hour? 800 years has passed.
Milad Noushinravan yes, many more prophecies are coming true.
@King Wiwuz IV Where is the superstition? Read the prophecy and read history.
@@supremelordoftheauspicious2928 Another way of reading the prophecy is "one of the events to happen before the hour is the Mongol sacking of Baghdad." Timescales were never a given. Signposts however, we have. Don't be so eager for the hour to begin.
@King Wiwuz IV How easy it is for you to tell me I've been brainwashed as a child. If i can see two and two make four, do you really think I can't see the difference between superstition and reality?
Yes my parents are Muslims. However, I myself went through periods of doubt. They taught me just robotic motions. Up down in prayer, Arabic rote learning, not even how to speak Arabic, just how to read the script. I came across men like Richard Dawkins who scared the shit out of me. It was a necessary fear. Because if my faith was wrong, I ultimately, would have had to leave it.
But I didn't. I became a stronger Muslim because of men like Dawkins. Because my faith is right.
Let me show you one bit of evidence. One day Holy Prophet [alaihis salam] stood up and said to the people, "Oh my people, today your modes of transport of horses, camels, and donkeys. But near the end of times, before the last day, these will be replaced for you with big seats in which you can ride and sleep if you like."
You can do just this while flying, or riding in a train. Auto-pilot is also a thing. Now, don't knock on me about not being able to sleep while driving, but we all know automation is moving towards exactly that.
Next time you drive your car, let it be a reminder.
Nyc history channel
Great work. More grease to your elbow.
I feel like I've seen this video before
Edit : it's because I've seen knowledgia's video
You might have. It was posted on Knowledgia's channel. I'm just putting it here for people who haven't.
actually Knowledgia borrowed his(al muqaddin) video and also mention about his channel.
Thank you
Where do you get your knowledge from akhi...can you recommend any books
Check the description for sources
You shouldv'e talked abit more about the Fatimids, it was a very glorious Caliphate, and my 3rd favorite after the Rashidun and the Abbassid
Also at some Point the Caliph went insane and preached that he is the mahdi, and later that he is God himself.
Also the Fatimids were Ismaili Shia, while the Buyids were Zaydi shia, they are just as different than Sunnis are to ismaili shia,
Shia in general have more polemics with each other than they have with sunnis, its more like a bond of beeing minority that shia today sympathise with each other.
Buyids converted to twelver shia
awesome
You forgot to update the map regarding Salahuddin's deposition of the last fatimid Caliph in Cairo in 1171. And to include the realms of the Zengids and Ayyubids who pretty much controlled Egypt, Palestine and Syria long before the Mongols came.
Also the deposition of the Byzantine Emperor and the sack of Constantinople brought the formation of the Latin Empire forward while Byzantium moved to Nicea for a period of 60 years.
I'd prefer a bit longer videos but more detailed :)
Everything's great but you should update the map more. Also note the Balkans. Croatia, Serbia, Bosnian banate were long there before 1257. Or just exclude the Balkans from the map
1:28 Sammara
2:22 Abbasids losing power
3:20 Abbasids become vassal of the Buyids
5:11 Rise of the Seljuqs
6:40 Disintegration of the Seljuq empire
7:10 Al-Muqtafi once again become independent (1157)
Buyids are iranain iranain conquer abbasid
Maybe I am mistaken but wasn't it customary for the next oldest male to be the successor and not the son? That's what I thought was normal and it is the method used by the emirate and later sultanate of Morocco at least through the Saadian dynasty in the 17th century.
MALAY SUBTITLES Part 1 of 3
00:00
Pada 9 Ogos 833 M, Al-Mamun meninggal dunia. Biasanya, dengan orang seperti dia, seorang yang kuat dan stabil
00:07
penguasa, anda mengharapkan anaknya menggantikannya. Anaknya memang panglima tentera yang hebat.
00:11
Dia mempunyai kecekapan tetapi dia tidak berjaya Al-Mamun. Sebaliknya, Al-Mamun berjaya
00:16
oleh saudaranya, yang kemudian dikenali sebagai Al-Mu'tasim. Terdapat satu sebab di sebalik ini, tentera upahan Turki.
00:40
Semasa pemerintahan Al-Mamun, Al-Mu’asim telah menguasai tentera swasta Turki
00:44
nomad dari Steps Eurasia. Al-Mamun telah menggunakannya dalam pelbagai kempen ketenteraan.
00:49
Salah satu kelebihan terbesar yang dimiliki oleh tentera upahan adalah mereka setia kepada emas, mereka
00:54
dapat mengimbangi keseimbangan kekuasaan kerajaan untuk kepentingan Khalifah. Khalifah tidak
00:59
harus bergantung pada pengikutnya lagi. Kerana kekuatan inilah yang diambil oleh Al-Mu'asim
01:03
kawalan empayar setelah kematian saudaranya.
01:05
Ini mungkin kelihatan seperti idea yang baik pada masa itu. Perkara serupa telah dicuba sepanjang masa
01:10
sejarah dan ia telah berfungsi tepat pada masa ZERO kerana tentera upahan itu biasanya datang
01:15
kesedaran bahawa maharaja memerlukan tentera upahan LEBIH daripada yang diperlukan oleh tentera upahan
01:19
Maharaja!
01:20
Orang Turki mula mengambil alih pertubuhan tersebut. Ini berpecah kepada banyak konflik dengan
01:25
Birokrasi Abbasiyah yang lebih tua dan Al-Mu'tasim bahkan mendirikan sebuah bandar baru, Sammara, dan mengambil
01:30
pertubuhan Turkinya di sana. Pengaruh Turki terus berkembang walaupun selepas Al-Mu’asim
01:36
kematian pada tahun 842CE.
01:38
Al-Mutawakkil berusaha menyingkirkan mereka. Dia bahkan mempunyai dua jeneral Turki yang paling kuat
01:42
ditangkap tetapi orang Turki, bersama anaknya yang marah kerana tidak menjadi pewarisnya,
01:48
merancang pembunuhannya dan akhirnya membunuhnya pada tahun 861 CE. Ini adalah kesudahannya
01:54
kekuatan Abbasiyah. Sejak itu, semua khalifah Abbasiyah adalah boneka seorang Jeneral Turki
01:59
atau yang lain. Tempoh ini dikenali sebagai Anarki di Samarra. Akhirnya Al-Mutawakkil's
02:04
cucu memindahkan ibu kota kembali ke Baghdad tetapi tidak banyak berubah. Barah itu
02:09
Al-Mu'tasim telah mengungkapkan kekhalifahan telah sepenuhnya mengambil alih semua aspek
02:14
empayar. Kedudukan Amir ul Umara atau Panglima Besar telah ditetapkan untuk orang Turki.
02:18
Bani Abbasiyah terus kehilangan wilayah. Mereka kehilangan seluruh Arab yang berpecah masuk
02:23
pelbagai entiti suku. Mereka kehilangan Mesir yang diambil oleh Tulunid, bekas pengikut mereka.
02:28
Pelanggan mereka Taharid di Parsi digulingkan oleh Saffarids yang bahkan mengancam Baghdad
02:33
sendiri. Syria berpecah menjadi sebuah entiti bebas pada awalnya tetapi kemudiannya mendapat hak
02:38
oleh Tulunids Mesir. Kerajaan Abbasiyah telah menyusut hingga seperempat dari ukurannya di dalamnya
02:43
50 tahun.
02:44
Terdapat tempoh pemulihan yang singkat dari
02:46
892 CE hingga sekitar 904 CE
02:49
yang berjaya mengembalikan sebilangan bekas tanah Abbasiyah ke dalam kawalan mereka,
02:54
empayar secara dalaman dilanda masalah yang sama. Tidak puas hati di kalangan dinasti tempatan
03:00
semakin bertambah.
03:01
Selama empat puluh tahun berikutnya, Amir ul Umara terus memasang dan mengganti khalifah, Abbasiyah
03:06
terus kehilangan dan memperoleh wilayah, ketidakstabilan paling teruk. Kekhalifahan malah bergantian
03:11
dua kali antara dua khalifah yang sama untuk sementara waktu. Bekas khalifah Bani Abbasiyah yang memberi layanan bibir
03:17
kepada orang-orang Abbasiyah terus bertambah terkawal. Akhirnya, pada tahun 945 CE, sebuah dinasti dari Daylam mengalahkan
03:24
Tentera Abbasiyah di bawah pimpinan Tuzun, Amir ul Umara, dan berarak ke Baghdad. Untuk
03:29
pertama kalinya dalam sekitar tiga ratus tahun, khalifah adalah pengikut pemerintah yang lain.
03:34
Buyids yang diganti dengan orang Turki mempunyai tuan boneka. Yang menjadi pelindung atau Sultan
03:40
Kekhalifahan. Khalifah biasanya terus menguasai ibu kota Baghdad.
03:44
Ini biasanya dilakukan dengan bantuan sekumpulan ruffians tertentu yang disebut Ayyarun. Ini
03:49
adalah kelas pahlawan yang berperanan sebagai geng tempatan, memanfaatkan peningkatan ketidakstabilan
03:55
kerana ketegangan Syiah-Sunni.
03:57
Ketegangan Syiah-Sunni ini didorong oleh kebangkitan Fatimiyyah di Mesir dan Utara
04:02
Afrika. Menjelang 970 CE, mereka telah mengambil alih Mesir, menjadikan Kairo sebagai ibu kota mereka. Banyak orang
04:07
di wilayah Abbasiyah bersimpati kepada Syiah. Juga, Buyids, "pelindung"
04:10
khalifah adalah Syiah sendiri.
04:12
Pada ketika ini, Syiah bukanlah mazhab yang sama sekali berbeza seperti sekarang
04:16
kebanyakannya hanya bahagian politik. Sistem iman itu sendiri tidak jauh berbeza.
04:22
Tidak akan ada yang luar biasa kecuali Fatimiyah juga menyebut diri mereka sendiri
04:26
Khalifah, yang sah sejak Syiah percaya bahawa khalifah seharusnya tinggal di Ali
04:31
keturunan dan orang-orang Fatimiyyah menyatakan keturunan dari Ali dan isterinya Fatima, anak perempuan Muhammad, dari mana mereka mendapat nama mereka.
Neat :)
What is that music it sounds turkish?
Masha Allah
you never do battles! now that would be awesome!
Haha, funnily enough, that was why I started this channel. I have a book called Atlas of Islamic Conquests and my plan was to make videos about that. Over time, I'm sure, I'll get to that.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT do you realize how much knowledge we know about the Greek phalanx or the Roman cohorts eagles and legions! A LOT!! But nothing about the Muslim armies, the administration, the logistics, the weapons etc. We need that man! ;)
I totally agree. I would say that I agree 110% but I hate it when people do that. I'm trying to cover things but I'm just one dude and the channel is only around six months old so give me some time, man!
@@AlMuqaddimahYT I get that totally and I admire you for that. I work in 3D visualisation so if you need help anytime give a shout out, volunteer work a help for a friend.
have u made a video on salahudin
Please name the books that you are following.
"And so are the days (good and not so good) we give to men by turns..." (Ali Imran :140).
i hope you will cover the maghreb Region, i'm berber
I will. Maghreb is one of most beautiful and fascinating regions in the Islamic World.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT indeed :) also very intresting history, from the early islamic period of Uthman and Umayyad conquests to the Great berber Revolt and the Kharijit movements ( and states ) to the conquest of the aghlabids in sicely and then Fatimid Caliphate rising. and so
Why not go in detail of each ruler, since the start after the Rashaduun. Maybe from Umer 2
Over time, I'll be making biographical videos too.
Im wondering why the land of Hejaz never been part of the war? Why there are not much activities there after the Ummayad falls?
Mashallah
I'm surprised that you didn't bring up the Ayyubid Dynasty
U didnt mention about Saladin and its role.I was expecting this very much.well i have watched this playlist.it was very great and informative..it gave me very knowledge
How do muslims perceive the crusades, and how did it affect the muslim world? I used to think the crusades only really impacted Europe, but then I see it referenced in your intro. Please talk about that once you get to the crusades.
Sure, yeah, I will. Mostly people do only talk about them from the European perspective so, I will bring the Muslim perspective as well.
yesssshhh
Great Job!
Who was the last Abbasid prince that escaped the fall of Baghdad?
hey these are good but 1) you talk too fast can't catch anything, need more pauses, gaps etc 2) get clearer audio
Got it. Trying to.
Please Whats the name of the music at 2:36 i ve been looking for it everywhere
Our boys been playing Crusader Kings
I just went from the beautiful video of the Islamic Golden age and everything going amazing for the abbasids to absolutely carnage in the next :(
Me too
Please post something on your Urdu channel too 🙏
Where's the zengid and ayyubid? I tought that Ayyubid abbolished the fatimid. Those all happened before the siege of baghdad. Am i right?
The were irrelevant to this video but in my full series on the Abbasids, they’ll get the justice they deserve.
How the dynasty choose the caliph?
please make video of what happened after mongols invaded anatolia?
They are kicked well by ertughrul
u should mention about saladin who takes back jeruselum from crusades
Thats not what this series is about thats un related
Congratulations "Al Muqadima". It is like Muslims waking up after 1000 year sleep. ALHAMDU LILLAH
MALAY SUBTITLES Part 2 of 3
04:37
Kekhalifahan Syiah sangat hebat pada saat Sunni mengalami kemerosotan
04:42
banyak orang mula bersimpati dengan khalifah Syiah. Jadi, Bani Abbasiyah
04:47
khalifah, Al-Qadir menerbitkan Manifesto Baghdad. Pada dasarnya ia seperti pergerakan Birther abad pertengahan.
04:53
Khalifah membuat banyak "silsilah" dan sarjana untuk "membuktikan" bahawa orang-orang Fatimiyyah
04:58
sememangnya bukan keturunan Fatima, tetapi sebaliknya, adalah keturunan
05:03
seorang Yahudi, yang dianggap musuh Islam itu sendiri. Sementara itu Fatimid adalah
05:07
seperti, "Maaf, saya tidak dapat mendengar anda mengenai suara tentera saya menakluki Syria dan
05:11
Palestin ”.
05:12
Sementara itu pada tahun 1040 M, klan Turki Oghuz dari Eurasia Steppes baru saja dikalahkan
05:17
para Ghaznavid dalam Pertempuran Dandanaqan, membersihkan jalan mereka ke seluruh Parsi. 1055 SM,
05:22
Tughril Bey merebut Baghdad dari Buyids, ada yang mengatakan atas permintaan Khalifah Abbasiyah.
05:27
Saudara lelaki Tughril Bey, Chagri Bey mengahwini anak perempuannya, Khatun Khadija, dengan khalifah.
05:32
Ini dilakukan dengan harapan Khilafah dan Kesultanan bergabung melalui pemerintahan mereka
05:35
anak lelaki. Ini tidak berjaya, Sultan yang lain kemudian mencuba perkara yang sama dengan puterinya tetapi
05:39
itu juga tidak berjaya.
05:41
Keadaannya cukup baik selama empat puluh tahun ke depan, khalifah menjalankan agama dan agama
05:46
Seljuq menjalankan pemerintahan. Ini adalah perkongsian yang baik, kecuali, Seljuq telah mulai menendang
05:51
Gerbang Byzantine. Pada tahun 1071 CE, Alp Arslan mengalahkan Bizantium dengan asasnya tidak berusaha
05:57
Pertempuran Manzikert. Orang Bizantium tidak dapat menahan orang Turki lagi. Suku Turki bermula
06:02
menetap di wilayah Anatolia Byzantine sebelumnya.
06:06
Kaisar Byzantine Alexios meminta gereja Katolik untuk membantu mengekang pengembangan umat Islam dan
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pada tahun 1095 CE, Paus Urban dalam Majlis Clermont mengisytiharkan Perang Salib. Deus Vult! Allah menghendaki.
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Seperti yang anda harapkan paus Muslim, Khalifah tiba-tiba mendapat peningkatan yang relevan ketika dia menolong
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menghimpun Sunni dengan tujuan mempertahankan tanah suci, lebih baik, lebih banyak Anatolia daripada
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Tanah Suci.
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Pada tahun 1099M, Yerusalem jatuh kepada tentera Salib.
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Selama lima puluh tahun ke depan, hubungan antara Seljuq dan Bani Abbasiyah jatuh
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terpisah kerana sultan berpendapat bahawa orang-orang Abbasiyah terlalu banyak mengganggu perkara-perkara di
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negeri. Empayar itu sendiri tidak stabil. Banyak putera dan dinasti turkik lain di sekitar
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kerajaan memperjuangkan takhta. Sudah tiba masanya bagi Bani Abbasiyah untuk memanfaatkan
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dari ini. Namun pada tahun 1125 M, Al-Mustarshid cukup kuat untuk membangun tentera dan pemberontak
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pemberontakannya tidak berjalan jauh. Mereka bertemu dengan Seljuq tepat di luar Baghdad dan dikalahkan.
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Al-Mustarshid ditahan di rumah. Anaknya, juga, memusuhi Seljuq,
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sehinggakan mereka menggulingkannya dan dia melarikan diri ke Isfahan dan dibunuh oleh Assassins
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dalam perjalanan ke sana.
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Akhirnya, pada tahun 1157, al-Muqtafi sekali lagi mengisytiharkan kemerdekaan. Kali ini, dia dapat melawan
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kembali dan mempertahankan wilayahnya, membebaskannya dari Seljuq. Setelah 200 tahun penghunian
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kuasa asing, Bani Abbasiyah merdeka. Selama lima puluh tahun akan datang, Khilafah Abbasiyah
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berjaya mengamankan sebahagian besar Iraq.
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Namun, ancaman terburuk yang pernah dihadapi khalifah adalah datang. Kekuatan tidak seperti mana-mana
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dunia yang pernah dilihat, mengambil alih sebahagian besar Eurasia. Menjelang tahun 1227 CE, tahun Genghis Khan
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atau kematian Chinggis Khan, orang Mongol berdiri di pintu gerbang Parsi. Mereka mempunyai
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mengambil alih sebahagian besar China, Eurasia Steppes, Khorasan dan juga Parsi. Mereka telah kalah
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Empayar Khwarezmid yang dahsyat yang telah mengisi kekosongan yang ditinggalkan oleh para Seljuq.
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Pada tahun 1258 M, cucu Genghis Khan, Hulagu Khan mengepung Baghdad, kawasan tengah
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Zaman Keemasan Islam. Hulagu Khan telah menuntut penyerahan dari Khalifah, yang
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khalifah dengan tidak sengaja menolak. Hulagu berusaha untuk membuat contoh daripada khalifah untuk ini
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kurang sopan. Menurut beberapa sumber, Al-Musta'sim tidak menganggapnya sebagai pencerobohan melainkan
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hanya satu lagi kumpulan penyerbu, yang mana Khilafah telah menolak.
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Menjelang 29 Januari, pengepungan Baghdad bermula. Khalifah, dilaporkan, mengabaikan meletakkan a
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kekuatan yang betul bersama atau mengukuhkan pertahanan kotanya. Menurut beberapa sumber, Hulagu
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Khan meminta semua elit kota, golongan bangsawan, para sarjana dan jurutera,
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birokrasi, semuanya datang ke luar bandar untuk rundingan. Kira-kira 3000
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elit bandar pergi untuk berunding, mereka semua dibunuh.
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Pada 10 Februari, bandar itu menyerah. Orang Mongol terus membantai kota dan kota itu
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penduduk. Sekitar 200,000 hingga 800,000 atau bahkan satu juta orang terbunuh. Bau busuk dari
after the fall of the Ilkhanate in 1335, Baghdad was taken by the Jalayirids as it's capital until 1358. they were conquered by the Kara Koyunlu confederation centered at modern Azerbaijan in 1375. they were taken by the Aq Qoyunlu, they were conquered by the Safavid Persians in 1501. it was in 1516 when the Ottomans took Mesopotamia and kept it up until World War 1 when the British took Iraq making it and independent state for the first time since Babylon. it was a monarchy ruled by the Hashim family until 1958 when it became a republic and later under the rule of Saddam Hussein. the current president is Barham Salih he's currently in his 60s and is a member of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan party the current party in Iraq other than the previous Ba'ath party under Saddam. hope this you enjoyed this crash course of Iraqi history post Abbasid rule.
Good video, but there is an issue with the map. Sicily was no longer Byzantine at this time. It was taken by the Aghlabids and then by the Fatimids. The greatest Fatimid general and founder of Cairo was a Sicilian.
Yeah, I have mistakes in the maps because they're difficult to keep in check. It's very hard to make sure the maps are exactly accurate so I'm actually changing my approach to maps. This is the last video where I'm using maps like this.
Actually he was a greek from sicily
Incompetence and the Mongols was how.
Wait, so is Muhammad Banu Hashim or Banu Quraysh? You established on earlier episodes that he was the latter.
If you are talking about prophet Muhammad pbuh, then He is from both. He is from the Hashimite clan which is part of the Qurayshi tribe
@@mah5298 aight thanks
I hope you can say 'prophet Muhammad' instead just Muhammad.
Can I get a written summary of your videos ?
Abbsid era was golden age of Islam
Thx to the Persian genes and culture who cared for science and mathematics
@@topgears7775 yeah are they😂? So why they did not give the world their knowlodge and wisdom untill the arabs bacame , and the majority of scientist was not persian ibn khaldun as example is an arabic and thabit ibn gurah and ibn al bittar and al razi and ibn al haitham etc.. all of them are arabs
@@jokr611 you know what im talking about there is no need to explain, out of all 61 greatminds of entire islamic golden age 28 of them were persian.
And that my friends were 28 out of 33 total scientists of the age, that makes the persians what they are and were famouse for.
The reason was Persian empire was of messopotamian bureaucracy and that mean every invention would be given by the king's name not by the the scientist's name. If you study the Persian history you see hundreds of invention's in the name of the kings which were not actually done by the kings themselves but by the great minds of their court. Thats what made the difference between earlier persian scientists and the islamic era persian scientists. The islamic caliphate was more democratic than the Persian empire which i just dont expect you know it cus you dont prove to be that knowledgeable in this matter.
Kinda late to the party, but other than eroding the Fatimid link to the Prophet (PBUH), why the relation to jews would be seen in a negative light (more than any other relation)?
Abbasids, The pioneers of science
We are waiting for the malmluks and the ottomans episodes
what happened between 786-833 ce???
Harun al-Rashid and Al-Mamun. The series will continue. Don't worry. Detailed videos about the Abbasids will come.
You did not mention the Shia who helped hulagu to destroy the abbasid caliphate
Buyids and Saffarids from Sassanid lineage regained Iran and Persia and expelled them from Iranian territory👏