How do Diesel fuel injectors work? Piezo common rail diesel fuel injector operation explained

Diesel Piezo fuel injector animation with explanation of how it works. In this animation I talk about how these Diesel fuel injectors work and the number of pre and post injections.
These injectors typically operate between 1600 bar and 2700 bar depending on engine and high pressure fuel pump. The Bosch Piezo injector injects into the cylinder the amount of fuel required for economical combustion, independent of the driving situation.
The third-generation high-performance piezo injectors enable a high degree of freedom when designing the injection characteristic and allow up to ten individual injections per injection cycle. up to 2,700 bar pressure for very high motor performance with low consumption low fuel consumption and reduced emissions are made possible through extremely short injection intervals. up to ten individual injections per injection cycle for quiet and highly efficient combustion.
The injector is permanently supplied with fuel from the rail via the high-pressure connection. The injection process is initiated by the control unit via the electrical connection. The return flow quantities arising during the injection process flow back to the tank via the fuel-return line.
Piezo injectors made by Bosch are available for pressure levels between 2,000 bar and 2,700 bar. They are used for the premium car segment and in light duty vehicles. The injectors have a modular construction and can be adapted to the customer's needs. The variants tailor-made for each application scenario differentiate themselves with regard to, for example, lifetime, nozzle design, and injector length.
As the piezo actuator is integrated in the housing, the injectors are significantly slimmer than solenoid valve injectors and thus require much less installation space.
Thanks to their robust piezo principle, the injectors are well prepared for different fuel qualities. The rapidly switching CRI3 piezo injector allows short injection intervals which inject into the cylinder the amount of fuel required for economical combustion, independent of the driving situation.
Up to ten individual injections are possible per injection cycle. In addition, the injection process can be designed with high flexibility. Using multiple injections, the engine's fuel consumption and CO₂, pollutant, and noise emissions can be reduced. Control is via a piezo actuator made of several hundred layers of a piezo ceramic. The ceramic expands by a few thousandths of a millimeter as soon as voltage is applied, setting the jet needle in motion. This coupling of actuator and nozzle needle enables the very short reaction times and very small preinjection quantities.
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