Human Skeletal System

Human Skeletal System. Human Skeleton
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The human skeleton is a framework of bones and associated connective tissues that provides support, protection, and mobility to the body. It is a dynamic structure that plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's shape and enabling movement.
The human skeleton is divided into two main parts:
1. Axial Skeleton
The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones and forms the central axis of the body. It includes:
- Skull: Composed of 22 bones, the skull protects the brain and forms the structure of the face. It includes the cranial bones and facial bones.
- Vertebral Column (Spine): Consisting of 33 vertebrae, the vertebral column protects the spinal cord and supports the head. It is divided into regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.
- Rib Cage: Comprising 12 pairs of ribs and the sternum, the rib cage protects the heart and lungs and assists in respiration.
2. Appendicular Skeleton
The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones and includes the limbs and girdles. It is responsible for movement and includes:
- Pectoral Girdle: Composed of the clavicles (collarbones) and scapulae (shoulder blades), the pectoral girdle connects the arms to the axial skeleton.
- Upper Limbs: Each arm consists of 30 bones, including the humerus (upper arm), radius and ulna (forearm), carpals (wrist), metacarpals (hand), and phalanges (fingers).
- Pelvic Girdle: Formed by the hip bones, the pelvic girdle attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton and supports the weight of the upper body.
- Lower Limbs: Each leg contains 30 bones, including the femur (thigh), patella (kneecap), tibia and fibula (lower leg), tarsals (ankle), metatarsals (foot), and phalanges (toes).
Overall, the human skeleton is a dynamic and essential component of the body, providing support, protection, and enabling movement throughout life.
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