Giotto's Technique
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- Опубликовано: 24 окт 2020
- The video retraces the techniques used by #Giotto, #Duccio and #Simone_Martini to paint and gild the tables prepared with plaster and glue.
During the fourteenth century the colors were tempered in egg red and spread by juxtaposition and fusion, the gilding could instead be performed with the gouache, mission or shell technique.
To see the stratigraphy of the painting and the photograph of the whole:
To see the entire painting and its cross-section visit:
artenet.it/egg-tempera-painting/
Abstract
Thirteenth and fourteenth century paintings show a significant continuity in the techniques and materials used: wood support, gesso and animal glue ground preparation, tempera and gilding can be observed over a long period.
The primary source of information about the techniques used during this period is Il Libro dell’Arte by Cennino #Cennini, a painter in the tradition of Giotto. In this text, one can readily see the advances that the thirteenth century made over earlier centuries, when colour was applied by uniformly filling in with fields of colour in a substantially graphic manner. We will follow Cennini’s text and attempt to demonstrate some of the choices that the painters of the time would have made in working on wood panel. Particular attention will be given to the methods used in the transfer of the drawing and in the gilding.
Cennini teaches his reader how to choose the wood, join the panels together, cover over the joins with strips of linen cloth (impannatura) and how to prepare the panel for painting by creating a ground layer made up of seven or eight coats of gesso and glue, which then must be brought to the whiteness and smoothness of ivory (ground preparation). Great importance is given to the preparatory drawing, executed with charcoal and reinforced with ink.
Another system used during this period, and especially widespread in the early Renaissance, is pouncing. This technique consists of using a drawing paper whose outlines are pricked with an awl, in such a way that the design or drawing may be transferred to the prepared panel by passing coloured powder such as carbon black through the holes.
Once the figure was complete and its forms had been shaded with a light watercolour wash, the outlines were incised with a sharp stylus in order to identify the areas to be painted and those that were to be gilded.
In the latter, gold foil (a very thin leaf made by the gold beater) was applied over a ground of red bole (Armenian bole) and then polished or burnished with and animal tooth (burnisher).
At this point, the colouring in of the wood panel was started, and as Cennini advises, preferably beginning with the robes of the figures and the architectural elements; that is with the background elements. The colours were prepared in small vessels in gradations going from dark to light. They were bound with egg yolk and applied to the surface of the panel using small brushstrokes which fused together to create a chiaroscuro. "…start to apply the dark colour, shaping up the folds…And in the usual way take the middle colour and lay in the backs and the reliefs of the dark folds. Then take the light colour, and lay in the reliefs and the backs of the light part of the figure. And in this way go back once again to the first dark folds of the figure with the dark colour. And carry on as you began, with these colours, over and over again, first one and then the other."
On the gilt surface the various decorative elements were executed (haloes and background). A series of punches was used to press small motifs into the gilt surface, and which were repeated according to a precise design.
The rendering of flesh tones required a semi-transparent, dull green background made with terre-vert and white lead through which the underlying chiaroscuro drawing could still be seen.
Once the drawing had been reinforced with this green verdaccio, a reddish-pink tone (vermilion and white lead) was applied to the cheeks and the lips. Flesh tones were created by first hatching (tratteggio) from the light tones toward the dark, and then blending the various shades, always taking care to allow “the green, which lies under the flesh colours, always show through a little".
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As a art student, this was both satisfying and informative. Subscribed
instablaster
I always admire the craftsmanship of manually putting a work together from start to finish. The artistry starts even before the first line is drawn.
this gives me a lot more knowledge about painting than I did before, I would like to know more about how the old artists painted.
I am really very happy to know that these short videos can give rise to a desire like yours.
Thanks Daniel!
Which old masters? haha, there are many and their techniques vary
@@anthonylopez9594 Calmly, one at a time, those with the most interesting and innovative technique
Mostly they took their secrets to the grave with them. Competition was fierce among the various gilds. Imagine Freemasons with eggs.
One of the most interesting and satisfying art videos I've ever watched.
It was really labor intensive to paint back then! I have been painting for years and we have it easy!!
This was amazing to watch! I wish they shared resources like this in my old art history classes. Watching this made me want to experiment with these older techniques
I don't know why this end up in my recommendations but I like it.
A beautiful painting. The old techniques are fascinating, and thank you for the English as well.
Thank you. Just wonderful!!!
Absolutely amazing!
Giotto is one of my inspiration since when i was 14. His art really makes me to feel like I'm one step closer to the Heaven. Thats how good his art is!
Thank you very much for the great video!
This channel is the BEST!
Thank you for this amazing video.
Thank you for this amazing video!
This was just divine.🙏
Fascinating.
very interesting and thorough video!
Thank you so much! I love the careful, fine craftsmanship! Beauty!
The best video about it in many years surfing on RUclips for real and precise knowledge of it!!!! Thanks a million!!!
Fascinating! Thank you.
That was like a soothing meditation, thanks :-)
This is amazing, thank you sou much
Fascinating!
Exceptional. Thank you.
Fascinating that the flesh tones start as green. Beautiful lesson thank you!
Quite inspirational. Many thanks.
Great video! Thank you!
What painters and craftsmen they were in the fourteenth century.
Thank you for sharing with us and bringing back memories
Of studying in Firenze many many years ago
I've done my share of oil painting when I was young, then crossed to the computer world as a graphic designer, now that I'm retired taking on watercolor painting, I've seen almost every method of painting, classical, modern and digital, but this is totally fascinating!. Artistry meant something different back then, suffice to say I will have to take a shot at this, Master's work to say the least, thank you so much for the video!
@Marcos S Thanks for the nice comment 🙂 🎨
@@ARTEnet1 You're welcome
Love this show!!!
Great teaching. Thank you for your sharing 😀👍
Excelente técnica.. gracias!
Спасибо, великолепно!!!
Beautiful artwork. Great job. Thanks for share n see u next video.
After seeing this video I know have even more insight, understanding and respect for these kind of paintings. TNX a lot!!
EXCELENTE!!!!
GRACIAS! !!
Just superb !
It Is Byzantine / eastern Roman Icon technique which was westernized in a way to fit the theology and dogma of the catholic church, after the seize of Constantinople artists moved in Italy and especially in Venice and Florence. Beautiful video
Excellent clarification, thanks!
I love this, I learned something today.
Amazing. Very much enjoyed the excellent demonstration of the techniques.
Absolutely most riviting!!!
Wowww, fascinating! Thank you very much for this video. Hatching with paints is something I am going to have to try!
As a art teacher, this was a very good and practical video. Congratulations!
Just thank you♥️
Magnificent!
Fantastic, informative video! I appreciate the English subtitles and cc.
This was really intresting thanks for sharing this video !
Thank you. That was awesome. It reminded me of how many years ago I toiled so hard at the preparation stage of the plaster base (I believe 15 layers of plaster and polishing down each layer after it had dried to get a perfectly homogeneous base). That was the most difficult part of iconography. The postman had dropped by once and got the fright of his life when he saw me covered in white powder from head to toe!
So interesting to learn about!
spectacular ,!! talent!!
Bravissimi. Grazie per la lezione. Aggiunto alla mia playlist. God Bless all of you.
Renzo *
Irlanda
That shade of blue is just...wow
One of my very favorite blues. There's a whole church of it, or at least there used to be.
@@catherinejustcatherine1778 arena chapel??
@@peri2338
It could well be. Sadly, I don't remember for sure. I only saw pictures of a few of the paintings/frescoes, more than 25 years ago.
@@peri2338
Scrovegni Chapel - Wikipedia - in Padua
known as the Arena Chapel - Giotto's frescoes - stunning
lapis lazuli?
Intéressant de voire la technique de Giotto...belle démonstration ! 👍
Thank you!
Maravilloso
technique très intéressante à comprendre et bien expliquée
Wow I just found my new favourite channel 😻
Thank you for the introduction 🎉
Thank you
Thank you very much Videó.
Beautiful Icon of Saint Mary 🙏
Wow thats very informative 😍💜 thank you as someond who loves art and is an art student it helps a lot 😊😇
Спасибо.
That was so good
LOOK AT THAT SMALL LITTLE BRUSH! what an interesting technique from the man who represented a serious point towards the development of renaissance art.
Incredible class
I live for thos stuff!!
This was most therapeutic!
Beautiful. Beginning art study touches on Giotto and contemporaries. Chiaroscuro and perception, and something that never really occurred to me before, the creation of something that tells the viewer that the edges of the painting stop what actually is meant to continue.
The painstakingly ordered steps make it quite clear why so very few practitioners are presently doing this sort of work today. Though I've ever loved Giottos' panels for their stunningly rich colors and precise use of line, the investments in its material's alone would be mind numbing. For personal display I would gladly attempt this, but for resale to ignorant patron's one's efforts would not be financially compensated. Such a lovely work could never be given away for my pouring my soul into it thus.
Sooo cool
Brilliant
Wow 👌👌👌❤️❤️❤️❤️
Finalmente un Cennino Cennini visualizzato "ad arte". Complimenti per l'approfondita ricerca sulla tecnica e per l'ottima realizzazione video.
L'approfondita ricerca è il frutto di un intenso lavoro di collaborazione fra i colleghi dello studio di restauro da me diretto ed uno stimato Storico dell'Arte, avvenuto anni fa, in occasione della realizzazione del Progetto ARTIS.
Grazie per il gradito commento!
Awesome
Wow!
thank you
Amaizing how to fly in thé time with you To see old mastèrs techniques i love it , waiting always for moor
Very cool.
maravilloso
I have always loved this genre. Great video
Giotto came from the iconography tradition that is still alive in contemporary Eastern Orthodoxy. His contribution to The Renaissance was his introduction of a certain naturalism to his human figures. For those interested in learning this technique, try sourcing for contemporary iconographers. Many of them teach workshops.
True very true kevin
Thanks
Que bellezaaaaaaaaa
Brilliant work...
Just wish we could see the completed piece in full...
The ending cropped the painting so I could see much
I bet it was beautiful though.
I might give that a try .
Thank you for educating us so well.
💚💚💚💚💚💚💚
The shooting dates back to 20 years ago and among the material preserved there was not the total of the finished painting. Thanks for the nice comment!
Fine...thanks...
Versione in italiano: ruclips.net/video/NOBjc2Z8Xaw/видео.html
Version en español: ruclips.net/video/0zT18WR4YAs/видео.html
Grazie mille!
Cenino Cenini's book is really a treasure. But, i don't think that i really wana be there. it's not a painting workshop, it literally small factory with some workers (some of them kids) who stretch and grind, mix or scrap, bring this, take that, always cooking something, straining something, and so on and on and on all day, every day... very hard work of managing and painting, make us appriciate the old masters even more.
for me?
let me buy it in a store or internet site and just sit and paint. love you ARTEnet.
I’ll never get over the whole egg thing 😭
😎😳I just found your channel. You are a precious 💎. I am enjoying your content. I limed and subcribed😊😄😎
Splendido
Rest in peace giotto you were the best artist before the renaissance
Beautiful lll
thx
Fascinating watch those processes. Thank-you.
What is used in place of lead these days for such traditional artists? Or do they just go ahead and use lead with precaution?
Titanium white and zinc white were used which, when mixed, have a degree of transparency similar to lead white. The appearance is not the same and the consistency of the dough is different but the technique is not distorted. Different the case of oil painting.
Thanks for your question
They still use all of the traditional pigments! - cinnabar is actually mercury sulfide... When mixed with liquid it can no longer get airborne and be inhaled (so is safe-ish), but you still have to handle it in powder form in the first place... 🥴
Thank-you both for the replies.
Amazing video✨it was almost very hypnotic seeing the delicacy in the brush strokes and the meticulous coloring of the painting. On the figure’s neck, are those words or decorative lines? If they’re words, what is the translation?
Thanks for the appreciation, the gilding on the neck are decorative lines.
❤️👏🏽👏🏽👏🏽👏🏽
Nice
I am lucky enough to possess a copy - translated - of Cenninos book.