Thanks for watching Super Nerds! This was a fun one that took me right back to my childhood, and was actually suggested by one of you. And for everyone that has something to say about Mario's "canonical" height, I'll see you in footnotes. -- kH
Bowser’s weight is Super Smash Bros Ultimate is 135. Pichu’s weight in that game is 62 making bowser the weight of a little more than 2 Pichu’s (2.177) Pichu’s cannon weight in the games Pokédex is 4.4 pounds. Which means bowser’s weight is but a mere 9.58 pounds. That. Sounds a lot easier to throw. And one more thing what if Mario had his metal suit on with your calculations
Or how about all the other stuff he does, like hoist a huge bomb, stomp on and kill huge stones, and jumping huge chasms. He is probably one of the strongest characters in modern video games.
@@kennethfinch4009 Or dropkick a castle into rubble. seriously the only reason he entered fortresses in super mario world was to not kill the princess or yoshis in there
Just assume he has super rubbery hands and Bowser has a super rubbery tail. If the coefficient of friction is 1u, his grip strengh will be the 555000N Kyle calculated
Mario has a cannon height of 155cm and game theory has even double checked this in the latest game. This doesn't solve the scaling issues of characters between games but you could still just use mario as a ruler in 64.
I don't agree with Game Theory's numbers/approach, and you can believe I'm not just going to use someone else's estimations. Also, checking against Odyssey, Mario is DEFINITELY not 155cm -- kH
@@becausescience I know this was probably too long to for you to put into the episode but, I'm very curious about how you actually derived his height within Odyssey. If it wouldn't be too much trouble I'd be interested to hear how in the footnotes.
Great video, BUT! there are 3 things you didnt have in mind... Someone who can jump many times their height probably has super human strength... Second, yeah, the arms are "the weakest link in the chain" but many strongmen have stopped 2 motorcycles by their arm strength... And those bikes are steonger than the strongest horse in the world... And third... When you swing something arround to throw it, you use the glutes, legs, back, core, etc... Ive been throwing small trees over a fence all weekend(obviously, none of them weighted more than me... But they weighted enough for me to understand what muscles are used for an optimal throw)
@@jasonalen7459 eh... When you weight like 83kg, and you throw young trees(depending on time of growth trees are more or less heavy) its not that hard... At the gym, i can lift over 100kg... None of the trees i threw over the fence was over 50kg... I would say my strength is pretty average for my size if not weak... Having in mind olympic lifters 20 kg lighter than me can lift more than i do... The hard part of throwing trees tho, is picking them up... If the tree was forked at the top, i would grab one of the branches and the trunk lift it up while leaning back and giving half a spin before letting go the tree... The fence was about 1.2m tall(wasnt really a tall fence) most trees were about 2 to 5 inches thick and none of them was taller than 2m the trajectory i used was almost paralel to the floor since the fence was only a bit higher than my waist... Now... Ive seen a dude doing "contact juggling" with a telephone pole... THAT is super strength...
@@jasonalen7459 ruclips.net/video/ns1tu1jZ3mc/видео.html Something like that but with a waaaaay bigger log that looked like a twlephone pole is what i saw
@@gingercore69 Reminded me off a lot of past some work I occasionally did. But yeah, I've had to do some similar stuff when doing landscaping- like clearing large areas or 'clean-up' after clearing, as well as some misc. horticultural things or like cleanup after hurricanes and the like. After doing it a while you can definitely feel the effects on other muscles/groups. Anyway, I have also found the actual picking-up and/or balancing of them can be the harder aspect over just the weight. Especially with their weight almost never anywhere close to an even distribution, that can easily make more of an issue in where/how to grab and throw. Aside from that, as you said, the shape can also further complicate things since it also changes the aerodynamics; and certainly the larger area available for it to catch/hit something much easier and get stuck more easily than just a trunk or the like.
Would the answer then be "No?" Throwing Bowser DOESN'T rip Mario's arms off, spinning him around does. If he let go and threw him earlier, he may actually still have his arms intact 😂
No mention of the Galapagos Tortoise? The largest recorded examples are right at 6.1 ft and weigh in at around 400kg. Maybe not the size of your prehistoric snappy boy, but close to your calculated Bowser size.
I think he only went with Archelon because it had a similar comparative scale to a regular sized human as Bowser does to Mario, which allowed him to use a normal human's anatomy in the calculations. Though he could have also solely been looking at turtles instead of tortoises, too. Lol
Jason Flieger Actually tortoises are turtles. If you’re an american I mean. Turtle is both the word used to describe aquatic testudines AND the order as a whole.
Great episode. Poor Mario. This mad me think of the track and field competition hammer throw in which the athlete spins around and tosses a 16 pound ball as far as possible. The world record toss was 86.74 meters. Assuming Mario was able to bring the same mad strength employed in his browser toss to bear on the hammer throw, how far would he chuck that sucker?
Oooh. Also technically since Bowser has a really jagged shell, his legs are clawed and short, and most importantly he is clearly more of a landwalker. He should be a tortoise anyway.
Good show Kyle but not sure why you went with the mass you chose. You kinda glossed over that part quickly but it doesn’t seem to align with what we see in the game canonically. I’d have gone with the smaller stature and scale for Mario’s benefit. Smaller creatures have proportionally more strength per weight because of the way area/volume scales. A smaller turtle would also favor Mario. But I think even the 700kg is exaggerated. A terrestrial turtle would likely weigh less than a turtle who lives supported by seawater for most of its life. Also a bipedal turtle would likely weigh less than a quadrupedal one. So a 6’ terrestrial bipedal bad guy would maybe only be in the weight range of a gorilla, maybe a bit more with the Shell... but not an Archulon. We are talking 600-800 pounds, or around half the weight of the sea turtle. Could his arms survive that? I don’t know, but it’s probably worth checking since it seems way closer to what we see in the game.
He might have gone for the larger one because all of the examples he gave are relatively flat turtles, whereas Bowser is much bulkier, more like a tortoise.
Ah, to be young and in your thirties... What's it like? (Seriously, the big 50 is looming in my horizon, about to slap me around as if I were Elmer Fudd in Bugs Bunny's hands._
@@jackielinde7568 50 wasn't half the shock that 43 was. The year I turned 43 is the year I had to go on blood pressure and cholesterol meds, my hair started to lose all its color (Now I look blond instead of a redhead) and I had to have my first shoulder surgery. At the time people still thought I was in my 20's (good genes that way) and even just the other day I had someone guess I was about 40. The real shock of 50 was having to get glasses for the first time.
Something I want to point out is that when being quartered, most people would already be dead. When that happens, the body immediately begins to lose some of its muscle (due to a lack of oxygen which leads to a lack of ATP in Rigor Mortis) and there's no chance of the person's limbs to counteract any forces put on it. Not saying that it wouldn't rip the arms off, sometimes there were problems with quartering even when they were dead so that someone would have to cut the arms and legs so that it would be easier for the horses to pull the extremities off. Even with those two points, it probably won't make up for the extreme forces (20x the world record for the strongest horse pull) that will be placed on his body. Thanks for giving me something to add for this video (I may know too much about quartering though). Great video and stay awesome!
Isnt it established in every Mario game that Mario has some type of super strength? His ability to jump so high/far, ability to smash brick construction mid air, etc.
Actually... In Super Smash Bros Bowser’s weight is 135. Pichu’s Weight is 62. Bowser is 2.177 pichu’s weight. In the official Pokédex pichu’s official weight is 4.4 lb. So basically: Bowser weighs 9.58 pounds
Hey Kyle, great episode! One problem I noticed though is that you went ahead with using the full size of the ancient turtle instead of any sort of equivalent. If Bowser is supposedly 1.88 m tall, then the turtle you used was well over twice his size! Assuming the weight/height ratio for both turtles is the same (although I realize volume increases exponentially, let's just ignore that), Bowser should actually weight in at about 900 kg, nearly 1 ton! Then, inputting this weight into your equations while assuming a center of mass radius of 0.94 m and a time of 0.6 seconds per rotation, we get about 93,000 N of force on both of Mario's arms. Converting this to pounds, we see that each arm experiences about 10,000 lbs of force, around 3 times the expected output of one beefy horse. So, in the end, Mario would definitely still lose both his arms, but I think these values are a bit more representative of what the "real world" version of this would look like. P.S. If the bombs that Bowser gets thrown into are strong enough to fling him back to the center of the arena, wouldn't they be strong enough to seriously injure Mario, considering how close he is?
Dear KH. Mario actually does have a canon hight, which Nintendo confirmed some time ago. And it's 1,55m. Sorry to break it to you, though I hope you see this for the Footnotes. Yours truly -- AM
@@Black60Dragon no, Nintendo made an official statement. The "humans" in odyssey are ~10 feet tall. Bowser's height at any given time can be extrapolated from Mario.
@@killerbanana7639 really? I feel like I would have seen that announcement 🤔 That doesn't any sense. Especially when comparing it to the world around them, but okay.
Mario’s grip would have to be tremendous! Even if your numbers are a tad off, which is unlikely because I followed along with them and they sound right, he would still have to have a near perfect grip to hold onto Bowser’s tail. Something along the lines of a C-clamp made of the worlds strongest material, lonsdaleite. On another note, that you somewhat got into near the end, Mario would have to be incredibly heavy; think 3’8” of Pu-244. He’d have to be that dense/heavy to resist wobbling at all as he spins with such huge circular velocity (huge referring to normal human movement-speed)! Love the show, by the way! I often watch and often comment the problems I see with your component considerations, or the lack thereof. Love this episode, though!
2:14 from a picture of mario from super mario odyssey I was able to derive that Mario's hat makes up 1/7th of his total length, which means (assuming that his hat was taken into account for his canon height) that his hat is 16 cm high. We can see that Kyle stands 4.5 mhs (mario hats) taller than mario, and his canon height is thus 112 + 16*4.5 = 184 cm tall.
Remember that gravity is different in mario worlds then earth. The weights are all different. Either things are lighter then earth equivelant because of lighter gravity. Or mario is stronger due to higher gravity
I just wanted to say that at the minute 6:58 it is said "525.000 Newton", while it is written "555.000 Newton", which is closer to the real number using the values and formulas given in the video (at least my calculator says 550956,5217 Newtons) I just wanted to say it. Great video like always, thank you!
Great episode. There are a lot of Super Mario questions I'm sure would be fun or interesting to tackle. How about an episode about Sammus and how she can shrink herself down into a tiny little ball to do attacks, jump in ball form to gain a more effective jump, as well as all the other fun stuff Sammus does in the games with that particular moves? Thanks again to Kyle and the Because Science team for a fun episode that took me back to my childhood days as well. I honestly want to hook up my original Nintendo and play Super Mario Bros. 3 now haha. Can't wait for the live episode later today and your "Science of Mortal Kombat" episode next week!
Why not just attempt to use the height in Mario 64, you know. The game you are scrutinizing. Also, he wouldn't be able to grip the tail with his hands at that velocity. It would just slip out.
Well, you covered one of my thoughts in the last minute. I was going to point out that with their relative mass, the center of mass of the system would be inside bowser, so Mario would not be able to spin him without an anchor of some sort. Nice catch there at the end Kyle. We also did not consider the lateral force that had to be applied to get Bowser moving in the first place. While the tensile strength is a strong point of biological bodies, the torque required to accelerate to that spin speed would apply high stresses in lateral directions to the bones in Mario's arms. All this is assuming that Mario's grip and Kuppa's tail don't fail. In truth, there would be no arm ripping off. The point of failure would be wrist or fingers at worst, but most likely he would simply not be able to maintain his grip either due to strength and/or pain, or a simple lack of friction. As for mention of Mario's physical characteristics at the end there. I will point out that we are talking about a "human" that can jump 3+ times his height (depending on game) while having enough energy left over to punch through bricks. Even if we assume the bricks were magically floating and have no adhesive, so he was simple pushing/punching hard enough to scatting a one meter cube of brick across a ~9 square meter area, that is still a super human feat.
Well, he would, because he has super strength. Especially considering the wobbling that would occur, which would make it even easier for him. Although he might get hurt in the process.
Hi Kyle! You estimated that Bowser is 4,6 m but in the footage form the game he looks like maybe twice as big as the bomb. The bomb looks like a standard naval mine which is about a meter in diameter. This will give us the diameter of Bowser roughly 2 meters (so it's quite close to the scale from Super Mario Oddysey you mentioned). Assuming that Bowser would still be an Archelon, just slightly smaller (a child maybe ;P), and scaling his mass down he'll be about 932 kg. Putting those numbers into equations (I've used your calculation for time) theoutcome is 103 kN total, about 20,6 MPa of pressure. According to Wikipedia ultimate tensile strenght of human skin is about 20 MPa so it may have not been so tragic for the Spaghetti Boy. Great episode. Such a shame I had to wait until today to watch it.
Ok Kyle I got a lot for you here. First I love ur show and also how u went through the different ideas of turtles, not giving ur final turtel showing the process. People often think that science and u just can magically bring in numbers and ideas, when in truth it is a trail and error process to get the best outcome. This shows how lucky my the process is for ur show. So wouldn’t the issue of mass of our fire breathing turtel be better if we did go with the snapping turtel? We have the estimated height of bowser and therefore the length so with what we know of snapping turtel can we make a ratio to cross multiple to get mass (assuming that they have the same body type and makeup). I also think that ur not giving Mario his credit of strength. This is a guy that break cubes of bricks (yes it looks like the bricks are cemented together so when it breaks the actual bricks are still intact. So it is just cracking the foundation of cement sticking to them together but nonetheless still strong. A lot of the strain would be on his legs (I think) and this guy can jump at least 5 times his height based on the newest Mario brothers game. This has a lot of strength for the little guy like spiders. MOST IMPORTANTLY the general strength is shown by his BUTT CLENCHING. The force of the butt clenching out of pain on his amazing. One touch of lava and the speed and force of the butt shoots himself what looks like five times his height again. If you know his weight and now the size u can figure out the force of the butt pushing him up. Lastly u talk a lot about you hair but what products do u use on ur beard? A lot of questions and can’t wait to hear some answers.
Great discussion as always Kyle may I bring up a few turtle points. I understand if you chose archelon in order to make your mass and size estimates, but Bowser really doesn’t have the profile of a marine turtle. Sea turtles (and some freshwater turtles) are very flat in profile, whereas terrestrial turtles (and Bowser) have a more spherical cross section to help prevent being overturned and stranded on their backs. There are some terrestrial cases in paleontology that could be his real life spirit animal. For example, in prehistoric Australia Meiolania reached about half a ton in weight and 8 feet in length. But you really want to look up a picture of this guy: studded dorsal scutes, rings of spikes on the tail, a HUGE head... with horns! Mass estimates for any of these ancient turtles and tortoises is a tricky business, but even if you used Meiolania I think the results should be about the same for poor Mario.
Hi Kyle! 2 questions: 1. What type of material would Mario's arms have to be most similar to in order to perform this Bowser Throw? 2. Even though this experiment is specific to that game, what do you think Mario's grip strength would have to be in order to hold on that long? In other games, Mario doesn't have nubs for hands, he has fingers. Would Bowser's tail just slip out of his grip even before he gets to a rotation speed that is fast enough to throw Bowser that distance (which seems pretty far for their sizes). Love the show!
I appreciate the effort put into this but I think there's has been an oversight. He is not just Mario. He is in fact Super Mario. Able to leap several times his own height. Smash through bricks structures with his head and fist. With the absorbtion of a glowing star he actually becomes invincible. Great work as always Kyle.
A few years back all the physics stuff was just gibberish to me but now that I had few years of physics I know exactly what you are talking about and I can apply the stuff I learned in physics to the problems in the vid Sorry for my English
Fun fact about being Drawn and Quartered by Yoshi. While there is no definite value for Yoshi strength, we can use some of his feats to get an idea of how strong they are. Since they can race along the E Ring, the furthest ring from Saturn, equating to a distance of 3- 8 Saturn radii and since Saturn's circumference is 227,350.777 miles [using its radius and converting it to circumference], then we multiply the result by 8x to get the furthest point of the E Ring. That is 1,818,806.217 miles. Since they cover the entire thing in 14 seconds, we divide the distance by the time, and that means they were going at exactly 129,914.729 miles per hour. This is roughly 70% the speed of light. Even if we assumed that Yoshi accelerated to this speed evenly over those 14 seconds that's still 6327.016 feet per second squared. Assuming Yoshi weighs 81 kg, this have a force per Yoshi of 512488.296 newtons of force. That would nearly explode Mario with how fast he would be pulled apart.
Wouldn't the rotation point be Mario's shoulders, or feet. Cause there is still the length of Mario's arms. Bowser ain't anchored to Mario chest. Would that change much of the calculations? BTW I love the show with all me squishy human heart
Hey Kyle! Thank you for another great episode. I believe that the fingers would be an even larger problem than the arms. In this calculation i ignored the joints. I measured the cross-sectional area of my finger (which was about 0.0001 square meters) multiplied by five and divided 555 000N by it and got 1.1 gPa which is well beyond the UTS of any known material (the highest is tungsten with a UTS of 980 mPa). However in Super Mario 64, he doesn't seem to have anything that can be called arms, so nothing of this really matters anyway.
While the numbers check out. One minor thing that could save Mario's arms would be the fact that he would simply pass out. As the G force acting on his blood would cause it to pool in his brain since he's at the center of the rotation the forces go up exponentially. And as you know squishy bois don't do too well with negative G's. Great show as always.👍
Terrifying but amusing episode, Kyle! But what I'd like to know is how fast Mario would fly backwards after releasing Bowser if his arms didn't get ripped off by the spin. TL;DR - Mario might fly backwards at over Mach 4! If you assume that somehow (magically), Mario was applying a horizontal force to the ground to generate the centripetal force to counter the 2200KG mass of Bowser, then when he released Bowser, Newton's 3rd Law and all that considered, he should fly backwards at some velocity, and it should be proportional to the speed at which Bowser is thrown (24 m/s), scaled by some value based upon the ratio of Mario's mass versus Bowsers and possibly his center-of-mass distance from the center of spin (assuming he would have to lean back to brace horizontally, like Hammer Throw athletes do for a much smaller weight). Now if we go with Kyle's 112cm height estimate for Mario, and use the BMI index, assuming Mario's in his mid 30's and is moderately overweight, we get an estimate of around 37KG for Mario. This makes the mass ratio between the two approximately 60:1. Unfortunately, I couldn't find any information on how Mario's position would affect the resultant speed (most of the information on Hammer Throw physics is about the hammer, not the thrower), but we could still calculate a probably max-speed at which he would fly backwards: 24 m/s * 60 = 1440 m/s (approximately 3221 mph, or just over Mach 4). That's faster than the muzzle velocity of most handguns, and approaching/exceeding the speed of the highest performance rifle rounds (such as a .204 Ruger, which tops out at 1358 m/s). Maybe you could help me out with the missing piece of the puzzle? Whether the location of Mario's center of mass would affect his "recoil" speed? And if so, what would it be?
@@MrOssuarian yeah, I know. If he were stuck, then he wouldn't fly away, so I changed it up a little, but tried to nod to that with my use of "magically", but redirect the magic to not being stuck, but being able to present enough horizontal counter-force to stay in place.
Hi Kyle!!! Love the show. Just wanted to add that people including yourself, are mentioning that it would require some sort of super strength/durability to prevent Mario's arms from being ripped off(not to mention Bowser's tail). But is no one going to bother accepting the truth about Mario BEING super? It's in his title of every game. Super Mario bros. It would be more appropriate to classify his strength and durability before questioning his tensile strength. He does go around smashing bricks for coins that would overload an average person's carrying capacity. Again, love the show and keep up the entertaining and informative work!!!
So technically speaking.. throwing bowser wouldnt rip marios arms off, swinging bowser would be the thing that would cause the arm rip-page... And as kyle knows... being technically right.. is the best kind of right ;).
Hey Kyle! Love the vids and really enjoy the content, but I think in this case there was a much much easier option for calculating the forces here. Why not calculate the velocity and forces needed to accelerate Bowser in the trajectory he flies at the moment Mario releases Bowser's tail? No rotational or framerate counting complications, just how fast and how far does the King Coopa fly? Is there trajectory to his flight? As always, big fan here and always looking for another perspective in relatively fantastical physics problems ;)
I think it's more likely that Mario would get yanked off the ground before he were actually seriously injured. Scientifically based on the game, Mario would definitely lose some limbs as you discovered, but I feel like bowsers mass is too big for Mario to just stay put realistically. At his height he probably only weighs 65-75 pounds at most. So bowser definitely outweighs him. Mario would probably still suffer serious injury, but I doubt he would lose his arms in a more realistic scenario. Thanks for keeping it true to the game though and not thinking about realism like me though, makes the video much more entertaining
Chiming in from work on this. >O The act of drawing was dragging the condemned to execution, bound and usually to a structure, behind a horse. Quartering was done by chopping the individual into pieces rather than pulling them apart. Having someone rent asunder by horses I can't confirm, but I wouldn't expect a slow and steady pull unless it was significant would be capable of doing more than dislocating joints. It would likely take repeated jarring of the joints, like starting at a quick pace and stopping to reset, to dismember a person. This would seem to be supported by your tensile strength numbers, where the skin and muscles wouldn't be able to hold the limbs together, but tendons and bones would remain in place and whole. Skin is elastic though (to a point) so for the dislocation of all of his joints, Mario's arms would probably still remain intact. The pain though would be excruciating, and I doubt he could hold Bowser for long, let alone do it two more times. The bigger issue is Mario as an anchor point for the spin: Mario is not nearly massive enough to counter balance big boy Bowser. Forget the arms, he'd need extreme leg and back muscles to be able to push against that kind of force. The moment Bowser started getting up in speed in the spin, Mario would be pulled along with him.
Nice video! To get the force I thought about using W=ΔE asuming Vo=0 and getting Vf through cinematics when mario throws him into the mine (asuming they are on earth, without friction). Can't wait for any electricity related videos (?
"There aren't any consistent canonical heights for Super Mario characters" Clearly Kyle doesn't watch any of MatPat's 17.2 billion episodes on Mario physics
Great video as always. I think there are a larger than normal amount of assumptions in this video. The magically stays in place is great. Could he hold onto the tail long enough for his arms tone ripped off. Wouldn't the mass difference cause him extreme damage from the 2nd law of motion, equal and opposite reaction? From the video you show around 5:45 it looks more like ice skating than spinning on a point. So does bowser have a frictionless belly or is the ground low friction? I am thinking real question is how much torque would Mario need to move that much mass to get it up to 55mph. Also if we assume Mario is smaller, seeing as how he fits into pipes the math works much better. Like if the pipes had a 1 inch diameter and everything is relative on that, then throwing bowser would be no problem.
I've been watching every video you've put out in the past year and just wanted to tell you that you're awesome and your shows are very entertaining and educational. Thank you for what you're doing on this channel, I hope this show will go on long enough to see some of the kids watching today, become scientists themselves. P.S. the Expanse is also a great show.
Kyle, love the series, couple of items on this one. First I'm pretty sure Bowser would be a tortoise not a turtle. Turtles are amphibious while tortoises are terrestrial animals. Over every Mario game I don't think I've ever seen Bowser in the water, so likely a tortoise... unless he swims in Lava or something. The other item you started to bring up at the end of the episode, what would happen to Bowser? Well if Bowser is a male tortoise in his tail is his cloaca. Cloaca's are the all purpose excrement/reproduction orifice for some animals. This means that Bowser's privates reside within his tail. So Mario is effectively grabbing Bowser by his twig and berries and then applying these forces to them. It's no wonder that Bowser stops moving once Mario's vice-like grip latches on down there.
Kyle, great episide. I was going to bring up Bowsers tail as a gotcha but since you beat me to it at the end consider this. Besides the pulling force you would have to exert on his tail you would also have to dig your fingers in very hard as well. So much that you would likely puncture the flesh of the tail and thus weaken its structural integrity quite a bit. Would would like result in his tail failing to withstand those forces.
Hey Kyle, awesome episode. However, in my experience (with spinning and throwing my brother around) your arms are completely outstretched in order to get maximum velocity. This means the centre of gravity is not 2.3m away but closer to 3m (average human arm is 63cm in length). Plugging in the new radius, the velocity would be 31m/s and the force would be 700,000 N.
Hello, Kyle! Great show. You could calculate the velocoity needed for Mario to toss Bowser in the land mines, using an oblique throw formula. It may be that the initial velocity required is significantly lower!
Hey Kyle, love the episode In the episode you calculated to see if Mario's arms would rip off. It's great that you did it but wouldn't it be better to calculate if he even could and how he could get bowser up to that speed internet the first place and how long it would take.
Hi Kyle, thank you so much for this episode (and all the others as well ^ ^ ) However, as far as i know, horses weren't able to actually rip humans legs and arms off, so executioners had to trim the tendons in order to make the execution possible. I think you should take it into consideration, while doing all the calculations, cause it means that our squishy body is not so squishy) Sorry for my english, which is probably not as great as i would like it to be
I think the square-cube law helps a bit here. If we reduce everything down to the 3'8" Mario scale (including the radius of the circle, the mass of Bowser, the velocity around the circle, and the cross-sectional area of Mario's arms), I calculate a pressure value of ~15 MPa and a force on each arm of 30 kN (7000 lbf). This cuts the Ultimate Tensile Strength required in about a third. Still likely to rip his arms off, but it's a lot closer than before. Always show your work: Height of Bowser: 4.6m -> 1.88m Mass of bowser: 2200kg -> 600 kg (scale down the leatherback sea-turtle from 2.0 m to 1.88 m. Note: scaling up the snapping turtle in this way gives 1000 kg, and the archelon gives 150 kg. The mass is inconsistent, so I picked the median value) Radius of the circle: 2.3m -> 0.94m Velocity: 24 m/s -> 9.8 m/s Total centripetal force: 550 kN -> 60 kN Area of each of Mario's arms: 0.005 m^s -> 0.002 m^2
Something you said about Mario having superhuman strength or durability got me thinking. Are we assuming Mario or the world he lives in is parallel to our own? I mean the guy has shown some pretty great jumping ability, jumping many times his own height into the air and being able to shrug and walk-off falling from great heights. I'm sure it's like this because of game mechanics but for a thinking experiment wouldn't that mean either Mario possessing great strength or his world gravity may not mimicking our own? I'm sure it wouldn't change the results it was just something I thought about and wanted to share. Love the channel thanks for all the videos!
Moment of inertia is better to use than centre of gravity. 0.1MPa seems way too low for muscle, that's just 14.5psi A man with 17" biceps should be able to curl about 135lbs without damage 17" / 2pi = 2.7" pi * 2.7 ^ 2 = 22.9 square inches Assuming 1/3 of the arm cross section is bicep that's 7.63 square inches. The bicep inserts about a 6th of the way down the arm so we can multiply the force by 6 giving 810lbs 810lbs / 7.63" gives us 106psi or 0.730MPa I suspect the true strength is 2-3x higher than this since lifters generally don't push their muscles near the point where they will snap in half. In the case of quartering by horses the limbs were often (possibly always) cut prior to being pulled off drastically reducing the force needed.
Great show as usual!!! It is not a correction but an addiction to your calculations, the grip that Mario need to have will also have to be massive since in this case T=c*N where c is the coefficient of friction. I found, and it can be totally wrong that on the palm the coefficient is 0.62 for skin on skin and making the big assumption that the tail skin has has same properties. The area of the palms is should be about 1% of the total body surface. Assuming that he has a surface of 1.5m^2 we have a force of about 895000N that is 59.7MPa that is is the output of hydraulic press. This of course without considering that the tail is conical that makes gripping harder. And all this still considering Mario as a post in the ground.
... 120 Stars.. Also, there may not actually be as much gravity in the world of Peach's painting worlds to create as much gyrating* force during the spin! We know Bowser's mass, but on that platform, we dont know his true weight. This would help a little to explain Mario's incredible hops, but we're talking about Mario (he's high). Love the show!
He does prove himself super durable pretty constantly though. Mario can fall from any height, smashes his head through solid blocks almost the same volume as he is without so much as a bruise, can jump many times his own height, hold his breath seemingly indefinitely, kick cannonballs and missiles out of the air, etc, etc.
But isn't it so that the ropes attached to the man/woman in question and the horse have slack first, so the horse could build up speed, and effectively aplying a much greater force on the body when the rope is straightened? Still, the point you are making is, with this in mind, very valid. Big fan
The only thing keeping an arm on from a force in that direction is skin and the trapezius muscle, there's no real bone locking anything into place since the shoulder joint is so maneuverable.
The tendon ultimate tensile strength is in megapascals which is measured as a force over an area. I might be wrong, but I’m pretty sure there isn’t a full square meter of tendons in Mario’s arms... so that 70 (some people say it’s between 50 and 100) megapascals should probably be reduced to the amount of tendons in the average set of arms. This goes for the skin, muscles and bones too.
If you watch the video, you see that I use 0.005m^2. So *nowhere near* a full square meter. Anyway if you divide the force by the area you get N/m^2 regardless so you can compare the values -- kH
Well, then I have a suggestion for a future episode... Could we settle who is the strongest between Hulk and Thor, not only looking at physical strength but also considering all the abilities they have (yes, I know it's gonna be hard because there's elements that are problematic, like Hulk could resist to anything). I would like to know, who's more likly to win during a fight using their abilities (which includes Mjollnir for Thor). Thanks you, love the show! :)
Though the values of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength vary depending on the source of the information, 60 MPa is in the range of yield strengths for copper. Based on the data tables in some of my engineering textbooks, the ultimate tensile strength of pure copper is more on the scale of 200 MPa or more.
Thanks for watching Super Nerds! This was a fun one that took me right back to my childhood, and was actually suggested by one of you. And for everyone that has something to say about Mario's "canonical" height, I'll see you in footnotes. -- kH
The real question is how he holds his grip
But how much force dose he really need to throw Bowser
Yeah! I was right!
Wouldn't he most likely lose grip on bowser's tail asumming him or browser doesn't break first
Bowser’s weight is Super Smash Bros Ultimate is 135. Pichu’s weight in that game is 62 making bowser the weight of a little more than 2 Pichu’s (2.177) Pichu’s cannon weight in the games Pokédex is 4.4 pounds. Which means bowser’s weight is but a mere 9.58 pounds. That. Sounds a lot easier to throw. And one more thing what if Mario had his metal suit on with your calculations
Never mind his arms... What about that crazy grip strength he would need to accomplish this feat
Or how about all the other stuff he does, like hoist a huge bomb, stomp on and kill huge stones, and jumping huge chasms. He is probably one of the strongest characters in modern video games.
@@kennethfinch4009 Or dropkick a castle into rubble. seriously the only reason he entered fortresses in super mario world was to not kill the princess or yoshis in there
Mario is secretly super human strong similar to Link
And his enormous weight to hold that force.
Just assume he has super rubbery hands and Bowser has a super rubbery tail. If the coefficient of friction is 1u, his grip strengh will be the 555000N Kyle calculated
Given the fact mario can survive travelling at speeds that take him into parallel universes, tossing a giant lizard is no big deal.
Mario has a cannon height of 155cm and game theory has even double checked this in the latest game. This doesn't solve the scaling issues of characters between games but you could still just use mario as a ruler in 64.
Gosh dang it, you beat me to it. Well put
Game theory can get fucked. Don't get me wrong, I like the concept, I kinda like Matt Patt, but he does not do a good job doing his research.
I don't agree with Game Theory's numbers/approach, and you can believe I'm not just going to use someone else's estimations. Also, checking against Odyssey, Mario is DEFINITELY not 155cm -- kH
@@becausescience but they got their numbers from the source
@@becausescience I know this was probably too long to for you to put into the episode but, I'm very curious about how you actually derived his height within Odyssey. If it wouldn't be too much trouble I'd be interested to hear how in the footnotes.
Ripping people's arms off is indeed quite tearable.
get out
🤣😂🤣
OH, YOU.
Not... funny... 😡😂
Pffft, i shouldn't laugh but that was funny xD
Great video, BUT! there are 3 things you didnt have in mind... Someone who can jump many times their height probably has super human strength... Second, yeah, the arms are "the weakest link in the chain" but many strongmen have stopped 2 motorcycles by their arm strength... And those bikes are steonger than the strongest horse in the world... And third... When you swing something arround to throw it, you use the glutes, legs, back, core, etc... Ive been throwing small trees over a fence all weekend(obviously, none of them weighted more than me... But they weighted enough for me to understand what muscles are used for an optimal throw)
Damn, you throw trees? That's super human strength in my book.
@@jasonalen7459 eh... When you weight like 83kg, and you throw young trees(depending on time of growth trees are more or less heavy) its not that hard... At the gym, i can lift over 100kg... None of the trees i threw over the fence was over 50kg... I would say my strength is pretty average for my size if not weak... Having in mind olympic lifters 20 kg lighter than me can lift more than i do...
The hard part of throwing trees tho, is picking them up... If the tree was forked at the top, i would grab one of the branches and the trunk lift it up while leaning back and giving half a spin before letting go the tree... The fence was about 1.2m tall(wasnt really a tall fence) most trees were about 2 to 5 inches thick and none of them was taller than 2m the trajectory i used was almost paralel to the floor since the fence was only a bit higher than my waist... Now... Ive seen a dude doing "contact juggling" with a telephone pole... THAT is super strength...
@@jasonalen7459 ruclips.net/video/ns1tu1jZ3mc/видео.html
Something like that but with a waaaaay bigger log that looked like a twlephone pole is what i saw
@@gingercore69
Reminded me off a lot of past some work I occasionally did. But yeah, I've had to do some similar stuff when doing landscaping- like clearing large areas or 'clean-up' after clearing, as well as some misc. horticultural things or like cleanup after hurricanes and the like.
After doing it a while you can definitely feel the effects on other muscles/groups.
Anyway, I have also found the actual picking-up and/or balancing of them can be the harder aspect over just the weight. Especially with their weight almost never anywhere close to an even distribution, that can easily make more of an issue in where/how to grab and throw. Aside from that, as you said, the shape can also further complicate things since it also changes the aerodynamics; and certainly the larger area available for it to catch/hit something much easier and get stuck more easily than just a trunk or the like.
I think the fact Mario is able to even lift Bowser indicates he probably has super strength
He can also jump much higher than he has any right to as well
@@Captaincory1 In higher gravity than our own
Would the answer then be "No?" Throwing Bowser DOESN'T rip Mario's arms off, spinning him around does. If he let go and threw him earlier, he may actually still have his arms intact 😂
Mario is an immortal demigod, so nah.
Proof, or it's a lie.
But is he so worthy to wield Mjolnir
Mario, of the smash pantheon, god of indoor plumbing and turtle and pest control.
To do this spin, Mario would need to be Superman.
@@jackielinde7568 well in canon he has punted a castle
"There aren't any consistent canonical heights for Super Mario characters"
*Game Theory has entered the chat*
No mention of the Galapagos Tortoise? The largest recorded examples are right at 6.1 ft and weigh in at around 400kg. Maybe not the size of your prehistoric snappy boy, but close to your calculated Bowser size.
I think he only went with Archelon because it had a similar comparative scale to a regular sized human as Bowser does to Mario, which allowed him to use a normal human's anatomy in the calculations. Though he could have also solely been looking at turtles instead of tortoises, too. Lol
Jason Flieger Actually tortoises are turtles. If you’re an american I mean. Turtle is both the word used to describe aquatic testudines AND the order as a whole.
Great episode. Poor Mario. This mad me think of the track and field competition hammer throw in which the athlete spins around and tosses a 16 pound ball as far as possible. The world record toss was 86.74 meters. Assuming Mario was able to bring the same mad strength employed in his browser toss to bear on the hammer throw, how far would he chuck that sucker?
*made me think, not mad me think.
Oooh. Also technically since Bowser has a really jagged shell, his legs are clawed and short, and most importantly he is clearly more of a landwalker. He should be a tortoise anyway.
I saw a documentary with Bob Hoskins and John Leguizamo (a really, really bad one) - he's actually a mutated dinosaur.
Good show Kyle but not sure why you went with the mass you chose. You kinda glossed over that part quickly but it doesn’t seem to align with what we see in the game canonically. I’d have gone with the smaller stature and scale for Mario’s benefit. Smaller creatures have proportionally more strength per weight because of the way area/volume scales. A smaller turtle would also favor Mario. But I think even the 700kg is exaggerated. A terrestrial turtle would likely weigh less than a turtle who lives supported by seawater for most of its life. Also a bipedal turtle would likely weigh less than a quadrupedal one. So a 6’ terrestrial bipedal bad guy would maybe only be in the weight range of a gorilla, maybe a bit more with the Shell... but not an Archulon. We are talking 600-800 pounds, or around half the weight of the sea turtle. Could his arms survive that? I don’t know, but it’s probably worth checking since it seems way closer to what we see in the game.
He might have gone for the larger one because all of the examples he gave are relatively flat turtles, whereas Bowser is much bulkier, more like a tortoise.
Kyle, my man, I am so sorry, I was very busy last week and I completely forgot, but happy 30th birthday!
I thought it was the "anniversary of his 21st birthday".
I...Kyle is my age?
What have i been DOING to myself?
@@christokristoff2252 You think that's bad? I could theoretically be Kyle's Dad. (Except I'm not. You know what I mean.)
Ah, to be young and in your thirties... What's it like? (Seriously, the big 50 is looming in my horizon, about to slap me around as if I were Elmer Fudd in Bugs Bunny's hands._
@@jackielinde7568 50 wasn't half the shock that 43 was. The year I turned 43 is the year I had to go on blood pressure and cholesterol meds, my hair started to lose all its color (Now I look blond instead of a redhead) and I had to have my first shoulder surgery. At the time people still thought I was in my 20's (good genes that way) and even just the other day I had someone guess I was about 40.
The real shock of 50 was having to get glasses for the first time.
Something I want to point out is that when being quartered, most people would already be dead. When that happens, the body immediately begins to lose some of its muscle (due to a lack of oxygen which leads to a lack of ATP in Rigor Mortis) and there's no chance of the person's limbs to counteract any forces put on it. Not saying that it wouldn't rip the arms off, sometimes there were problems with quartering even when they were dead so that someone would have to cut the arms and legs so that it would be easier for the horses to pull the extremities off. Even with those two points, it probably won't make up for the extreme forces (20x the world record for the strongest horse pull) that will be placed on his body. Thanks for giving me something to add for this video (I may know too much about quartering though). Great video and stay awesome!
So it would be possible that mario would rip bowsers tail off .if he throws him away if he does not get the ripping arm thing .. too
Isnt it established in every Mario game that Mario has some type of super strength? His ability to jump so high/far, ability to smash brick construction mid air, etc.
he lifted a whole castle once
*_DO THE MARIO!!! SWING YOUR ARMS FROM SIDE TO SIDE COME ON IT'S TIME TO GO!!! DO THE MARIO!!!_*
now if only they would bring back Super Mario RPG and make some sequels. Need me some more Geno and Mallow.
Wtf is that profile pic?
@@viktorstrand4431 That is from Clockwork Orange, really good movie btw.
Let your arms fall off your sides!! Oh god!! I'm bleeding out!! Bye bye Mario!!
Rich gAmA Good? You mean it’s a Masterpiece! 😀👌
I don't have anything nerdy to add, I just love the show. Thank you Kyle, very cool.
Thank you Blayne, very kind. -- kH
Let's be real: his arms aren't coming off, because his grip would fail long before his body would.
Mario after throwing Bowser: 'Tis but a scratch.
Us: A scratch?! Your arm's off!
Tis but-a scratch-a*
@@toropazzoide Yeah, sorry I didn't think about that stereotypical Italian accent bit, lol.
@@Daniel_Coffman no problem, I'm italian, I'm glad to fix this kind of stuff :)
Actually... In Super Smash Bros Bowser’s weight is 135. Pichu’s Weight is 62. Bowser is 2.177 pichu’s weight. In the official Pokédex pichu’s official weight is 4.4 lb.
So basically: Bowser weighs 9.58 pounds
Ahh I see you saw the reddit post too
I guess when you consider that they are all toys being played with by kids (master hand & crazy hand) that doesn’t seem too far off.
TheBoxNinja72 Shhhh. I’m desperate to get in footnotes😭😭😭
and wailord is buoyant in air because its size and relatively little weight
@@sebastianwinters9864 and furret is taller than charizard...
Hey Kyle, great episode! One problem I noticed though is that you went ahead with using the full size of the ancient turtle instead of any sort of equivalent.
If Bowser is supposedly 1.88 m tall, then the turtle you used was well over twice his size! Assuming the weight/height ratio for both turtles is the same (although I realize volume increases exponentially, let's just ignore that), Bowser should actually weight in at about 900 kg, nearly 1 ton! Then, inputting this weight into your equations while assuming a center of mass radius of 0.94 m and a time of 0.6 seconds per rotation, we get about 93,000 N of force on both of Mario's arms. Converting this to pounds, we see that each arm experiences about 10,000 lbs of force, around 3 times the expected output of one beefy horse.
So, in the end, Mario would definitely still lose both his arms, but I think these values are a bit more representative of what the "real world" version of this would look like.
P.S. If the bombs that Bowser gets thrown into are strong enough to fling him back to the center of the arena, wouldn't they be strong enough to seriously injure Mario, considering how close he is?
Dear KH.
Mario actually does have a canon hight, which Nintendo confirmed some time ago. And it's 1,55m. Sorry to break it to you, though I hope you see this for the Footnotes.
Yours truly --
AM
That was clearly retconned in Odyssey 😂 Besides, Kyle said that BOWSER doesn't have a canon height. Which is true, he keeps changing sizes.
Also, Mario's weight was 89kg. So he's not really fat at all. No wonder why he's plump despite the weight is still low as a marshmallow.
@@Black60Dragon no, Nintendo made an official statement. The "humans" in odyssey are ~10 feet tall. Bowser's height at any given time can be extrapolated from Mario.
@@killerbanana7639 really? I feel like I would have seen that announcement 🤔
That doesn't any sense. Especially when comparing it to the world around them, but okay.
@@Black60Dragon they said something along the lines of "there are a lot of different kinds of people in this world"
Mario’s grip would have to be tremendous! Even if your numbers are a tad off, which is unlikely because I followed along with them and they sound right, he would still have to have a near perfect grip to hold onto Bowser’s tail. Something along the lines of a C-clamp made of the worlds strongest material, lonsdaleite.
On another note, that you somewhat got into near the end, Mario would have to be incredibly heavy; think 3’8” of Pu-244. He’d have to be that dense/heavy to resist wobbling at all as he spins with such huge circular velocity (huge referring to normal human movement-speed)!
Love the show, by the way! I often watch and often comment the problems I see with your component considerations, or the lack thereof. Love this episode, though!
2:14 from a picture of mario from super mario odyssey I was able to derive that Mario's hat makes up 1/7th of his total length, which means (assuming that his hat was taken into account for his canon height) that his hat is 16 cm high.
We can see that Kyle stands 4.5 mhs (mario hats) taller than mario, and his canon height is thus 112 + 16*4.5 = 184 cm tall.
4:30 don't forget to calculate the length of Mario's arms for that circle!
Mario would not be still, maybe he would rotate around the center of mass.
You'd need to also factor in the point along the tail where Mario is grabbing. This would effect how much the circle changes.
Mario is surprisingly strong for his size, he has canonicaly punted a castle. Throwing Bowser is no problem
Remember that gravity is different in mario worlds then earth. The weights are all different. Either things are lighter then earth equivelant because of lighter gravity. Or mario is stronger due to higher gravity
I just wanted to say that at the minute 6:58 it is said "525.000 Newton", while it is written "555.000 Newton", which is closer to the real number using the values and formulas given in the video (at least my calculator says 550956,5217 Newtons)
I just wanted to say it. Great video like always, thank you!
Actually Mario has a canon height of 5'1
How tall does that make Luigi?
@@NotHPotter According to Google, about 5'10 ish
Great episode. There are a lot of Super Mario questions I'm sure would be fun or interesting to tackle. How about an episode about Sammus and how she can shrink herself down into a tiny little ball to do attacks, jump in ball form to gain a more effective jump, as well as all the other fun stuff Sammus does in the games with that particular moves? Thanks again to Kyle and the Because Science team for a fun episode that took me back to my childhood days as well. I honestly want to hook up my original Nintendo and play Super Mario Bros. 3 now haha. Can't wait for the live episode later today and your "Science of Mortal Kombat" episode next week!
Why not just attempt to use the height in Mario 64, you know. The game you are scrutinizing.
Also, he wouldn't be able to grip the tail with his hands at that velocity. It would just slip out.
Well, you covered one of my thoughts in the last minute. I was going to point out that with their relative mass, the center of mass of the system would be inside bowser, so Mario would not be able to spin him without an anchor of some sort. Nice catch there at the end Kyle.
We also did not consider the lateral force that had to be applied to get Bowser moving in the first place. While the tensile strength is a strong point of biological bodies, the torque required to accelerate to that spin speed would apply high stresses in lateral directions to the bones in Mario's arms.
All this is assuming that Mario's grip and Kuppa's tail don't fail.
In truth, there would be no arm ripping off. The point of failure would be wrist or fingers at worst, but most likely he would simply not be able to maintain his grip either due to strength and/or pain, or a simple lack of friction.
As for mention of Mario's physical characteristics at the end there. I will point out that we are talking about a "human" that can jump 3+ times his height (depending on game) while having enough energy left over to punch through bricks. Even if we assume the bricks were magically floating and have no adhesive, so he was simple pushing/punching hard enough to scatting a one meter cube of brick across a ~9 square meter area, that is still a super human feat.
I guess its a good thing that he wouldn't even be able to accelerate Bowser to that velocity.
Well, he would, because he has super strength. Especially considering the wobbling that would occur, which would make it even easier for him.
Although he might get hurt in the process.
"Velocity of Bowser" would make a great name for an 8-bit retro band.
Today's Lesson:
550,000 Newtons, or 1 BF (Bowser Force)
Hi Kyle!
You estimated that Bowser is 4,6 m but in the footage form the game he looks like maybe twice as big as the bomb. The bomb looks like a standard naval mine which is about a meter in diameter. This will give us the diameter of Bowser roughly 2 meters (so it's quite close to the scale from Super Mario Oddysey you mentioned). Assuming that Bowser would still be an Archelon, just slightly smaller (a child maybe ;P), and scaling his mass down he'll be about 932 kg. Putting those numbers into equations (I've used your calculation for time) theoutcome is 103 kN total, about 20,6 MPa of pressure. According to Wikipedia ultimate tensile strenght of human skin is about 20 MPa so it may have not been so tragic for the Spaghetti Boy.
Great episode. Such a shame I had to wait until today to watch it.
he has a canon height but idk, shrooms?
(the people in New Dong City are not our height.)
Ok Kyle I got a lot for you here. First I love ur show and also how u went through the different ideas of turtles, not giving ur final turtel showing the process. People often think that science and u just can magically bring in numbers and ideas, when in truth it is a trail and error process to get the best outcome. This shows how lucky my the process is for ur show.
So wouldn’t the issue of mass of our fire breathing turtel be better if we did go with the snapping turtel? We have the estimated height of bowser and therefore the length so with what we know of snapping turtel can we make a ratio to cross multiple to get mass (assuming that they have the same body type and makeup).
I also think that ur not giving Mario his credit of strength. This is a guy that break cubes of bricks (yes it looks like the bricks are cemented together so when it breaks the actual bricks are still intact. So it is just cracking the foundation of cement sticking to them together but nonetheless still strong. A lot of the strain would be on his legs (I think) and this guy can jump at least 5 times his height based on the newest Mario brothers game. This has a lot of strength for the little guy like spiders.
MOST IMPORTANTLY the general strength is shown by his BUTT CLENCHING. The force of the butt clenching out of pain on his amazing. One touch of lava and the speed and force of the butt shoots himself what looks like five times his height again. If you know his weight and now the size u can figure out the force of the butt pushing him up.
Lastly u talk a lot about you hair but what products do u use on ur beard? A lot of questions and can’t wait to hear some answers.
I don't think Mario would care; he's jacked up on shrooms and is only doing all of this for some cake.
Great discussion as always Kyle may I bring up a few turtle points. I understand if you chose archelon in order to make your mass and size estimates, but Bowser really doesn’t have the profile of a marine turtle. Sea turtles (and some freshwater turtles) are very flat in profile, whereas terrestrial turtles (and Bowser) have a more spherical cross section to help prevent being overturned and stranded on their backs.
There are some terrestrial cases in paleontology that could be his real life spirit animal. For example, in prehistoric Australia Meiolania reached about half a ton in weight and 8 feet in length. But you really want to look up a picture of this guy: studded dorsal scutes, rings of spikes on the tail, a HUGE head... with horns!
Mass estimates for any of these ancient turtles and tortoises is a tricky business, but even if you used Meiolania I think the results should be about the same for poor Mario.
when calculating the circle's radius at around 4:50, wouldn't you have to factor in the length of Mario's arm?
Mario bends backwards while hammerthrowing Bowser so I guess the length of the arms isn't really relevant.
@@ToabyToastbrot point taken
Well if he can do this it makes the idea of him jumping so high and breaking bricks with his fists not so far fetched.
How heavy would Mario be to be able to spin Bowser without getting pulled by the weight?
He’s Italian, he doesn’t need to follow logic
Hi Kyle! 2 questions:
1. What type of material would Mario's arms have to be most similar to in order to perform this Bowser Throw?
2. Even though this experiment is specific to that game, what do you think Mario's grip strength would have to be in order to hold on that long? In other games, Mario doesn't have nubs for hands, he has fingers. Would Bowser's tail just slip out of his grip even before he gets to a rotation speed that is fast enough to throw Bowser that distance (which seems pretty far for their sizes).
Love the show!
If Mario was such a strong boi then it makes sense how he is able to break bricks with his bare hands. Also goombas must be strong af to damage him.
Just by running or even walking into him, no less.
I appreciate the effort put into this but I think there's has been an oversight. He is not just Mario. He is in fact Super Mario. Able to leap several times his own height. Smash through bricks structures with his head and fist. With the absorbtion of a glowing star he actually becomes invincible. Great work as always Kyle.
A few years back all the physics stuff was just gibberish to me but now that I had few years of physics I know exactly what you are talking about and I can apply the stuff I learned in physics to the problems in the vid
Sorry for my English
Fun fact about being Drawn and Quartered by Yoshi. While there is no definite value for Yoshi strength, we can use some of his feats to get an idea of how strong they are. Since they can race along the E Ring, the furthest ring from Saturn, equating to a distance of 3- 8 Saturn radii and since Saturn's circumference is 227,350.777 miles [using its radius and converting it to circumference], then we multiply the result by 8x to get the furthest point of the E Ring. That is 1,818,806.217 miles. Since they cover the entire thing in 14 seconds, we divide the distance by the time, and that means they were going at exactly 129,914.729 miles per hour. This is roughly 70% the speed of light. Even if we assumed that Yoshi accelerated to this speed evenly over those 14 seconds that's still 6327.016 feet per second squared. Assuming Yoshi weighs 81 kg, this have a force per Yoshi of 512488.296 newtons of force. That would nearly explode Mario with how fast he would be pulled apart.
Wouldn't the rotation point be Mario's shoulders, or feet. Cause there is still the length of Mario's arms. Bowser ain't anchored to Mario chest. Would that change much of the calculations? BTW I love the show with all me squishy human heart
Mario bends backwards while hammerthrowing Bowser so I guess the length of the arms isn't really relevant.
Hey Kyle! Thank you for another great episode. I believe that the fingers would be an even larger problem than the arms. In this calculation i ignored the joints.
I measured the cross-sectional area of my finger (which was about 0.0001 square meters) multiplied by five and divided 555 000N by it and got 1.1 gPa which is well beyond the UTS of any known material (the highest is tungsten with a UTS of 980 mPa).
However in Super Mario 64, he doesn't seem to have anything that can be called arms, so nothing of this really matters anyway.
Mario's measurement was incorrect as Nintendo confirmed that he was actually 5 foot 6 (around). The people are 11 foot tall. Love the show.
Zalorg / Future ruler of Earth 5’1 actually, if I remember correctly
Yet when scaled against "normal" vehicles in Mario kart he's about 2 feet tall.
Loved the video! Please keep them coming and make one about defeating the T-1000 with science
Maybe,if he doesn't fall over & let go first
For a slightly longer answer, see the video above. -- kH
While the numbers check out. One minor thing that could save Mario's arms would be the fact that he would simply pass out. As the G force acting on his blood would cause it to pool in his brain since he's at the center of the rotation the forces go up exponentially. And as you know squishy bois don't do too well with negative G's.
Great show as always.👍
According to Nintendo's official say
Mario is 151 cm not 112 cm
You mean 155cm
@@kobra162 oh yeah! Thanks
You mean 154.94 cm
Terrifying but amusing episode, Kyle! But what I'd like to know is how fast Mario would fly backwards after releasing Bowser if his arms didn't get ripped off by the spin.
TL;DR - Mario might fly backwards at over Mach 4!
If you assume that somehow (magically), Mario was applying a horizontal force to the ground to generate the centripetal force to counter the 2200KG mass of Bowser, then when he released Bowser, Newton's 3rd Law and all that considered, he should fly backwards at some velocity, and it should be proportional to the speed at which Bowser is thrown (24 m/s), scaled by some value based upon the ratio of Mario's mass versus Bowsers and possibly his center-of-mass distance from the center of spin (assuming he would have to lean back to brace horizontally, like Hammer Throw athletes do for a much smaller weight).
Now if we go with Kyle's 112cm height estimate for Mario, and use the BMI index, assuming Mario's in his mid 30's and is moderately overweight, we get an estimate of around 37KG for Mario. This makes the mass ratio between the two approximately 60:1. Unfortunately, I couldn't find any information on how Mario's position would affect the resultant speed (most of the information on Hammer Throw physics is about the hammer, not the thrower), but we could still calculate a probably max-speed at which he would fly backwards: 24 m/s * 60 = 1440 m/s (approximately 3221 mph, or just over Mach 4).
That's faster than the muzzle velocity of most handguns, and approaching/exceeding the speed of the highest performance rifle rounds (such as a .204 Ruger, which tops out at 1358 m/s).
Maybe you could help me out with the missing piece of the puzzle? Whether the location of Mario's center of mass would affect his "recoil" speed? And if so, what would it be?
I believe the words Kyle used were, "magically stuck"
@@MrOssuarian yeah, I know. If he were stuck, then he wouldn't fly away, so I changed it up a little, but tried to nod to that with my use of "magically", but redirect the magic to not being stuck, but being able to present enough horizontal counter-force to stay in place.
Mario don't you mean Red Luigi
Spongebob SquarePants I think you mean fat red Luigi
Short, fat, red Luigi.
Luigi gang
Hi Kyle!!! Love the show.
Just wanted to add that people including yourself, are mentioning that it would require some sort of super strength/durability to prevent Mario's arms from being ripped off(not to mention Bowser's tail). But is no one going to bother accepting the truth about Mario BEING super? It's in his title of every game. Super Mario bros. It would be more appropriate to classify his strength and durability before questioning his tensile strength. He does go around smashing bricks for coins that would overload an average person's carrying capacity.
Again, love the show and keep up the entertaining and informative work!!!
So technically speaking.. throwing bowser wouldnt rip marios arms off, swinging bowser would be the thing that would cause the arm rip-page...
And as kyle knows... being technically right.. is the best kind of right ;).
"Would the process of throwing Bowser rip Mario's arms off?" Is a bit wordy -- kH
Because Science doesnt make me any less right!
Hey Kyle! Love the vids and really enjoy the content, but I think in this case there was a much much easier option for calculating the forces here. Why not calculate the velocity and forces needed to accelerate Bowser in the trajectory he flies at the moment Mario releases Bowser's tail? No rotational or framerate counting complications, just how fast and how far does the King Coopa fly? Is there trajectory to his flight? As always, big fan here and always looking for another perspective in relatively fantastical physics problems ;)
Why do you sign your comments, even though you now have your own channel?
Because Science!!! 😂
So you know it’s Kyle and not one of his minions replying to you
Because he's not the only person working on this channel.
Because a few people help me run the show over here, and I want you to know it's me talking to you directly -- kH
Mario had the canonical height of 5 ft 11 in
5 feet 1 inch
Mario? You mean constantly saving princess peach?
That makes for a very mad mad mario
I think it's more likely that Mario would get yanked off the ground before he were actually seriously injured. Scientifically based on the game, Mario would definitely lose some limbs as you discovered, but I feel like bowsers mass is too big for Mario to just stay put realistically. At his height he probably only weighs 65-75 pounds at most. So bowser definitely outweighs him. Mario would probably still suffer serious injury, but I doubt he would lose his arms in a more realistic scenario. Thanks for keeping it true to the game though and not thinking about realism like me though, makes the video much more entertaining
So long Gay Kyle.
Chiming in from work on this. >O
The act of drawing was dragging the condemned to execution, bound and usually to a structure, behind a horse. Quartering was done by chopping the individual into pieces rather than pulling them apart.
Having someone rent asunder by horses I can't confirm, but I wouldn't expect a slow and steady pull unless it was significant would be capable of doing more than dislocating joints. It would likely take repeated jarring of the joints, like starting at a quick pace and stopping to reset, to dismember a person. This would seem to be supported by your tensile strength numbers, where the skin and muscles wouldn't be able to hold the limbs together, but tendons and bones would remain in place and whole. Skin is elastic though (to a point) so for the dislocation of all of his joints, Mario's arms would probably still remain intact. The pain though would be excruciating, and I doubt he could hold Bowser for long, let alone do it two more times.
The bigger issue is Mario as an anchor point for the spin: Mario is not nearly massive enough to counter balance big boy Bowser. Forget the arms, he'd need extreme leg and back muscles to be able to push against that kind of force. The moment Bowser started getting up in speed in the spin, Mario would be pulled along with him.
“It’s gonna take some amount of force”- The biggest understatement of 2019😂😂
Nice video! To get the force I thought about using W=ΔE asuming Vo=0 and getting Vf through cinematics when mario throws him into the mine (asuming they are on earth, without friction).
Can't wait for any electricity related videos (?
"There aren't any consistent canonical heights for Super Mario characters"
Clearly Kyle doesn't watch any of MatPat's 17.2 billion episodes on Mario physics
Who knew that Bowser's best disarming technique was to lay there and let Mario throw him. ;-)
"You are way too cute and whimsical for what we're about to talk about" I rewinded that part like 5 times lol
Great video as always. I think there are a larger than normal amount of assumptions in this video. The magically stays in place is great. Could he hold onto the tail long enough for his arms tone ripped off. Wouldn't the mass difference cause him extreme damage from the 2nd law of motion, equal and opposite reaction? From the video you show around 5:45 it looks more like ice skating than spinning on a point. So does bowser have a frictionless belly or is the ground low friction? I am thinking real question is how much torque would Mario need to move that much mass to get it up to 55mph. Also if we assume Mario is smaller, seeing as how he fits into pipes the math works much better. Like if the pipes had a 1 inch diameter and everything is relative on that, then throwing bowser would be no problem.
I've been watching every video you've put out in the past year and just wanted to tell you that you're awesome and your shows are very entertaining and educational. Thank you for what you're doing on this channel, I hope this show will go on long enough to see some of the kids watching today, become scientists themselves. P.S. the Expanse is also a great show.
Kyle, love the series, couple of items on this one. First I'm pretty sure Bowser would be a tortoise not a turtle. Turtles are amphibious while tortoises are terrestrial animals. Over every Mario game I don't think I've ever seen Bowser in the water, so likely a tortoise... unless he swims in Lava or something. The other item you started to bring up at the end of the episode, what would happen to Bowser? Well if Bowser is a male tortoise in his tail is his cloaca. Cloaca's are the all purpose excrement/reproduction orifice for some animals. This means that Bowser's privates reside within his tail. So Mario is effectively grabbing Bowser by his twig and berries and then applying these forces to them. It's no wonder that Bowser stops moving once Mario's vice-like grip latches on down there.
"yes, it probably would" Mario: *manages to pick Bowser up like a boss*
Kyle, great episide. I was going to bring up Bowsers tail as a gotcha but since you beat me to it at the end consider this. Besides the pulling force you would have to exert on his tail you would also have to dig your fingers in very hard as well. So much that you would likely puncture the flesh of the tail and thus weaken its structural integrity quite a bit. Would would like result in his tail failing to withstand those forces.
P.s. sorry for such terrible spelling. Thumbs were not keant to type
Hey Kyle, awesome episode. However, in my experience (with spinning and throwing my brother around) your arms are completely outstretched in order to get maximum velocity. This means the centre of gravity is not 2.3m away but closer to 3m (average human arm is 63cm in length). Plugging in the new radius, the velocity would be 31m/s and the force would be 700,000 N.
Hello, Kyle! Great show. You could calculate the velocoity needed for Mario to toss Bowser in the land mines, using an oblique throw formula. It may be that the initial velocity required is significantly lower!
Hey Kyle, love the episode
In the episode you calculated to see if Mario's arms would rip off. It's great that you did it but wouldn't it be better to calculate if he even could and how he could get bowser up to that speed internet the first place and how long it would take.
Hi Kyle, thank you so much for this episode (and all the others as well ^ ^ )
However, as far as i know, horses weren't able to actually rip humans legs and arms off, so executioners had to trim the tendons in order to make the execution possible. I think you should take it into consideration, while doing all the calculations, cause it means that our squishy body is not so squishy)
Sorry for my english, which is probably not as great as i would like it to be
I think the square-cube law helps a bit here. If we reduce everything down to the 3'8" Mario scale (including the radius of the circle, the mass of Bowser, the velocity around the circle, and the cross-sectional area of Mario's arms), I calculate a pressure value of ~15 MPa and a force on each arm of 30 kN (7000 lbf). This cuts the Ultimate Tensile Strength required in about a third. Still likely to rip his arms off, but it's a lot closer than before.
Always show your work:
Height of Bowser: 4.6m -> 1.88m
Mass of bowser: 2200kg -> 600 kg (scale down the leatherback sea-turtle from 2.0 m to 1.88 m. Note: scaling up the snapping turtle in this way gives 1000 kg, and the archelon gives 150 kg. The mass is inconsistent, so I picked the median value)
Radius of the circle: 2.3m -> 0.94m
Velocity: 24 m/s -> 9.8 m/s
Total centripetal force: 550 kN -> 60 kN
Area of each of Mario's arms: 0.005 m^s -> 0.002 m^2
Something you said about Mario having superhuman strength or durability got me thinking. Are we assuming Mario or the world he lives in is parallel to our own? I mean the guy has shown some pretty great jumping ability, jumping many times his own height into the air and being able to shrug and walk-off falling from great heights. I'm sure it's like this because of game mechanics but for a thinking experiment wouldn't that mean either Mario possessing great strength or his world gravity may not mimicking our own? I'm sure it wouldn't change the results it was just something I thought about and wanted to share.
Love the channel thanks for all the videos!
Love when you giggle through your impressions lol
Moment of inertia is better to use than centre of gravity.
0.1MPa seems way too low for muscle, that's just 14.5psi
A man with 17" biceps should be able to curl about 135lbs without damage
17" / 2pi = 2.7"
pi * 2.7 ^ 2 = 22.9 square inches
Assuming 1/3 of the arm cross section is bicep that's 7.63 square inches.
The bicep inserts about a 6th of the way down the arm so we can multiply the force by 6 giving 810lbs
810lbs / 7.63" gives us 106psi or 0.730MPa
I suspect the true strength is 2-3x higher than this since lifters generally don't push their muscles near the point where they will snap in half.
In the case of quartering by horses the limbs were often (possibly always) cut prior to being pulled off drastically reducing the force needed.
Great show as usual!!! It is not a correction but an addiction to your calculations, the grip that Mario need to have will also have to be massive since in this case T=c*N where c is the coefficient of friction. I found, and it can be totally wrong that on the palm the coefficient is 0.62 for skin on skin and making the big assumption that the tail skin has has same properties. The area of the palms is should be about 1% of the total body surface. Assuming that he has a surface of 1.5m^2 we have a force of about 895000N that is 59.7MPa that is is the output of hydraulic press. This of course without considering that the tail is conical that makes gripping harder. And all this still considering Mario as a post in the ground.
Wouldn't his gloves, fingers, or the skin of his palms come off before his arms considering Bowser isn't tied or attached to his arms in this case?
I don't know why you punching that goomba in the beginning made me laugh so hard.
...
120 Stars..
Also, there may not actually be as much gravity in the world of Peach's painting worlds to create as much gyrating* force during the spin! We know Bowser's mass, but on that platform, we dont know his true weight. This would help a little to explain Mario's incredible hops, but we're talking about Mario (he's high).
Love the show!
Well he is SUPER Mario. Dude is a hero with a hat.
Thanks Kyle for helping me review for my Rotations test next week for my AP Physics class
He does prove himself super durable pretty constantly though. Mario can fall from any height, smashes his head through solid blocks almost the same volume as he is without so much as a bruise, can jump many times his own height, hold his breath seemingly indefinitely, kick cannonballs and missiles out of the air, etc, etc.
But isn't it so that the ropes attached to the man/woman in question and the horse have slack first, so the horse could build up speed, and effectively aplying a much greater force on the body when the rope is straightened? Still, the point you are making is, with this in mind, very valid. Big fan
The only thing keeping an arm on from a force in that direction is skin and the trapezius muscle, there's no real bone locking anything into place since the shoulder joint is so maneuverable.
There is also the galapogas turtle which is around 6 foot, the same size as the height of Bowser you mentioned.
The tendon ultimate tensile strength is in megapascals which is measured as a force over an area. I might be wrong, but I’m pretty sure there isn’t a full square meter of tendons in Mario’s arms... so that 70 (some people say it’s between 50 and 100) megapascals should probably be reduced to the amount of tendons in the average set of arms. This goes for the skin, muscles and bones too.
If you watch the video, you see that I use 0.005m^2. So *nowhere near* a full square meter. Anyway if you divide the force by the area you get N/m^2 regardless so you can compare the values -- kH
Well, then I have a suggestion for a future episode... Could we settle who is the strongest between Hulk and Thor, not only looking at physical strength but also considering all the abilities they have (yes, I know it's gonna be hard because there's elements that are problematic, like Hulk could resist to anything). I would like to know, who's more likly to win during a fight using their abilities (which includes Mjollnir for Thor). Thanks you, love the show! :)
Though the values of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength vary depending on the source of the information, 60 MPa is in the range of yield strengths for copper. Based on the data tables in some of my engineering textbooks, the ultimate tensile strength of pure copper is more on the scale of 200 MPa or more.
You could say being quartered was a *tear*able punishment.