The Effects of Hyperglycemia on the Immune System

Developed and produced for www.MDPracticeG..., a CME resource for physicians and healthcare providers.
Animation Description: Under normal circumstances, bacterial infection results in the release of chemokines that attract circulating neutrophils to the endothelium. This process is known as chemotaxis.
A variety of molecules are expressed on the endothelial cell surface that allow the neutrophil to be captured, then roll along the endothelium, then adhere.
Following adherence, the neutrophil migrates into the subendothelial tissue to reach the site of infection.
The neutrophil engulfs the bacteria and eliminates them via breakdown within the phagosomes - a process known as phagocytosis.
In states of hyperglycemia, chemotaxis is reduced. Adherence is also adversely affected.
Phagocytosis is also impaired by hyperglycemia.
Hyperglycemia also adversely affects the macrophage system. Under normal circumstances, circulating monocytes are attracted to sites of infection, roll, adhere, and then migrate into the subendothelial space. The monocyte then transforms into a macrophage.
which is then activated by cytokines released by the bacteria. The activated macrophage then engulfs the bacteria.
However, hyperglycemia results in decreased activation of macrophages, thereby arresting the process of macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria.
In addition to affecting neutrophil and macrophage function, hyperglycemia also affects the complement cascade. Under situations of normal glycemia, bacteria can activate the complement cascade.
Activation of the complement cascade results in the formation of transmembrane protein channels known as membrane attack complex (MAC) in bacterial membrane.
Membrane attack complexes make the bacterial membrane porous and the rapid influx of fluid results in the bacterial cell death.
Hyperglycemia inhibits the proper activation of the complement cascade, thereby reducing another pathway of the immune system.

[@muhdhazim423]

oh god, i searched for about an hour to know how hyperglycaemia leads to immunosupressive ! and this 2 minutes video tells the whole story😭 give me back my hour

[@KenDBerryMD]

Hyperglycemia affects Innate Immune Response to Viruses & Fungi as well...

[@deaosatori216]

In summary: glucose gets in the way of sheit

[@CharlesGaulin]

Thank you for the video. It should also be noted that hyperglycemia has been shown to have effects on adaptive immunity as well:
Refs:
Luo, B. et al. (2007), Diabetes Induces Rapid Suppression of Adaptive Immunity Followed by Homeostatic T-cell Proliferation. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
P.J. Mills et al. Lymphocyte Subset Redistribution in Response to Acute Experimental Stress: Effects of Gender, Ethnicity, Hypertension, and the Sympathetic Nervous System Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

[@tc5290]

Nice and simple. Thank you

[@elkillerx]

My father is diabetic and he's not taking his medications, he's been sick with the cold for over a month.. He's a real stubborn person..

[@ashleyjackson4239]

My uncle name is Arnold Loudermilk Jr. just passed away from diabetes on June 2,2017.

[@roverathletics9251]

Anthony , Hows he doing man

[@Gingersnap27239]

that is what i have and it is no fun it can allso casue u to get sick easer

[@jessicamarchiori3516]

great well explained video. where is the reference for the information, please?

[@doctorsunmoon]

Excellent

[@thedbq1]

how about HYPOglycemia? does it impair your immune system as well?

[@DrMohsenn]

amazing helpful simple

[@romeolhk1008]

I love it very much!

[@anilk1241]

Thanks!

[@rakoty1]

amazing

[@emmamithamo7538]

That explains why i have recurrent infections

[@mustafazaki308]

gooooooooooooooooooooood