This discussion helped me so much. It validated many of my feelings. I am often criticized for being a grudge holder...and that may be a deserved accusation, but this conversation was so laced with compassion that it felt like a balm. Thank you. I am often amazed at Forrest's wrap up at the podcasts' conclusions...so we'll done. Thank you both!
I loved the part Rick added about evo psych. Resentment may have been adaptive in the ancient past, when we lived in small groups. Our biggest threat was other groups that wanted to take from our group. In those circumstances, decades long resentments and warrior-like fierceness it generated protected us. Nowadays these resentments only take us away from well-being. They are a reasonable part of the id that I must learn to compartmentalize. They go in the resentment box because they’re too dangerous to let out. This episode is incredibly helpful for my struggle. Thank you guys!
At my mother's wake, a relative (I hate calling her aunt) put her arm around 11 year old vulnerable me and said, 'think of me as your mother'. Less than a month later, she comes over and tells my father, she is taking me for the weekend. I was thrilled. The next day she leaves for her church work with instructions to the tasks that needed to be done. Being raised to be obedient, I began diligently doing the work. However, I realized that her sons who were 1 & 4 years younger kept on playing so I stopped n began playing too. When she returned n saw the undone work she began raging, more at me, being 1 year older.Having a rageful father n then this at the time I was grieving for my mom, kind snapped something inside me. Over the years, she would often come n take me to her place for the sole purpose of doing her housework. My father venerated her because she knew how to play him n also because of her church activities. She only saw me as an object to be used. Not once did she stop to think that here is a child who has just lost her mother. The evil that lurks under the guise of goodness is something I am still unable to fathom😢
The last sentence made me immediately think of communal narcissism. These folks are dangerous and will destroy anyone in their path to maintain their image.
Thank you for this discussion and for the other ones that helped me a lot during difficult moments in the past few years. Having also a core of sadness and anxiety, it helped me a lot to understand and accept the resentments I felt lately towards a certain person. Only by listening to you guys I already feel better. Thank you again!
Wow, I love you guys❤! I normally cannot listen on RUclips for more than 10, 15 minutes max! However, I easily listen to your videos that are typically over an hour! Fabulous content, thank you! I have been self helping since I've been 15 years old & I'm 60 now! Cptsd is a forever wound but I do experience moments, sometimes days of peace and happiness ❤. Thank you for your contribution to healing, you are both so helpful. Socially, it's so easy to respect a clinical psychologist (Rick, you are an exceptional one!) but I'm so much more judgemental about people without big titles... but Forest you are phenomenal at summarizing in a succinct way, while being gentle and kind. You two are a gift to my healing. Again, I love you both❤! Bless you
So insightful and authentic; this podcast really gets at the difficult lived experience of resentment. Rick's observation that we sometimes hold onto resentment to keep alive a relationship we're not fully ready to release and grieve is counterintuitive -- and spot on. Forrest's suggestion to consider how you want to feel -- not just that you don't want to feel resentful -- is a great way to move the mind out of its rut(s). This and so much more to consider and apply in working with and through this difficult emotion (or, rather, constellation of emotions). Thanks, guys, for another wonderful tag-team reflection and teaching!
It's crazy how I have always considered myself as peaceful, and goodhearted, and I always told myself "I forgive this person for what they did" but only at a conscious level, but deep in my heart, resentment never left. It's until now that I turned 30, that I realized it and am working on it. Great podcast! Thaanks!
It takes a lot of energy, wasted time and time is money… to carry. Having a mom like this that took on this sacrifice and I thank her because it taught me what I do not want to do… it’s heavy and over all a joy stealer! Not for me and I truly pray for everyone that is in this space and place in their lives. I pray for them to have a blessing. Thank you Rick, thank you Forrest, keep up the great team work. 👍🏼
I've been resentful towards my mother for far too long. In public she's gentle, sweet, kind and I'm so sick of everyone not only believing that, but telling me how lucky I am to have such an angel for a mother. Behind closed doors, since my earliest memories, she has lived to shame and persecute me. She never gave me emotional or physical affection, rarely ever listened when I speak to her. Now my disdain of her is starting to show, she's trying to turn my husband against me by telling him she's so confused, she hasn't done anything wrong, and I'm at fault because I'm bound to be a bit like my dad - who she hated. Fortunately, and hilariously, this behaviour has finally outed her true nature to my husband. It took him 48 years to see it 😕😢 But I have some redemption at last, even if it's only from 1 person. The most important person fortunately. What a life affirmation for me. At last!!! 🎉
It's been so difficult trying to have relationships with my siblings because the resentment within our family is huge and it has been passed down to my nieces and nephews. When I speak up about it I am shunned or laughed at. I have received many punches in the stomach. This video has helped me immensely to fully understand what is going on and what I need to do to move forward. My sincerest gratitude to both of you!
I got this. That's what I keep telling myself. That's how I cope now. I refuse to relapse. I got almost four years clean. I have big plans tomorrow and Saturday and Sunday look good..
I so enjoy the format of your podcast. Thank you for dissecting this topic. I had no idea I was holding so much resentment, underneath my anger. I appreciate the way you break-down this topic into understandable parts, detailing the what, where and how of this emotion. Thank you for also including help step-stones to breaking out of our own misery! :-). Keep up the good work. I appreciate your podcasts. Thank you.
I am very greatful for all your work that you spread around with so much generosity. As for this subject, I couldn't agree more. I am sooooo fed up hearing about offering "forgiveness" towards people who do not seek to be forgiven for their wrong-doing. Better use the word "release" or "detach" or as you said "disconnect". Forgiveness takes two and there is no reason to wish well to someone who tried his best to harm you.
This is a fantastic conversation, thank you for sharing it. I really appreciate the deep dive into the “what we’re getting out of it” part of the emotion and the cost, as well as the emphasis on nourishing yourself from the roots to become less vulnerable to things such as resentment. I feel like these are an incredibly important part of the conversation that are (somewhat bafflingly) completely skipped over by other people discussing topics like this and it’s great to be able to hear other intelligent people fleshing out their perspectives on it. I’ve really come to be grateful for the consistently thoughtful and compassionate content you guys are putting out.
Brilliant brilliant You guys were so talking to me in a way. Resentment keeps people that hurt you alive in your life and gives them power over your emotions
It is very pleasant to listen to your interaction together. We can feel the great connexion between you both. Also the way to ease out of resentment and free our mind of all the preoccupation it makes so we can get unstuck from this inner cycle. Thank you a lot.
Thank you for helping us to understand resentment and giving us ways to unpack it and manage it for sake of our own health and happiness and empowerment. The light bulb moment recognising carrying resentment has no effect on anyone but ourselves
I discovered this channel by chance a few weeks ago and have devoured every episode, but this episode alone made me become a member! Please keep producing such incredibly helpful topics. The worlds needs this!
When Forest explained It and all the aspects of how it feels is a perfect description for me with what I’ve been experiencing. This talk has been so inspiring to me. Thanks to both of you. Great episode.
I'm learning that since many past events in my life, I have let resentment, anger, and embitterment pretty much take over my whole operating system. If you have never experienced joy or happiness in your life, where do you even find a frame of reference to begin to change how you see the world and the humans in it? 5th time through this one now. thank you both.
Hey! What you said about them being in pain is true i believe, otherwise why would you constantly be attacking and trying to act like you are better than, superior, both my sisters are like this, narcissists, I have really suffered from feeling less than, but i think they are both in pain, actually i think they back off when they can't get supply from you, its a big subject; telling my narcissistic abusive sister what problem was exactly; was extremely helpful to me, she was very angry when I spoke to her next, and I don't know if she will contact me again but I don't have resentment, if she continues on which she will, I'll decide then! I am going to keep saying I don't like that, because it certainly helps!❤
This was pretty insightful, this one definitely will go on the rewTch list. So, now I know why Rick is so damn Zen, haha. A Buddhist instructor... It's not a surprise.
Thankyou so much Forrest and Dr Rick, I am new to finding your videos and have been finding them so fantastic. This particular one has really made me move through a difficult situation. Today I feel like a weight has been lifted off my shoulders. ❤
The part of the discussion regarding resentment being a form of hanging on to a relationship reminds me a lot of what I saw on social media after Trump lost the election in January. Hoo boy.
Wow guys, a great episode. As Rick knows, I am a long time fan of his, and his work & it is a delight to see you work together. Such a helpful exploration of a difficult experience, resentment - I am sure I will listen again to mine more gold from your exchange. Thanks Rick and Forrest.xx
Forrest, your summarising at the end is very much appreciated. Such wise words, i truly love listening to these videos. This subject in particular is very comforting.
Fantastic content that has already made a difference in my life! I appreciate all that you offer to the world and want you to know that your personal style and insightful content is tops!!
It’s really difficult when parents have been deliberately cruel because they resent your existence. As an adult I find this difficult, when my sister was treated differently and they all act like everything is good. I’m the only one that feels shit about it.
So interesting. Really highlighted some of my resentment towards certain aspects of modern life. Thanks for another great episode. Definitely shared with my friends.
I had wondered whether ruminating also served a purpose - to reanimate/rescript/reframe/review - as an imagined intention to ‘redeem’ or resolve? Not sure how effective this turns out to be, but this kind of energetic ‘transfusion’ is alluring.
I think this is probably really true David. There's a lot in classical psychology about rumination/"the desire to return." Resentment can definitely get bound up in that IMO.
@@ForrestHanson I must admit this rather innocuous subject has really exposed some powerfully but subtly entrenched personal issues in my life regarding resentment - of my dear god for allowing so much pain and misfortune yet disallowing the opportunities for true purpose and fulfilment to come to pass in my life (while knowing he/she was never to blame), and so, so much of that resentment tends to shed on to me - as self condemnation - forkin sucks Forrest & Rick, but I’m always grateful for the loving light you shine into my life.
Hi Rick, keep up the great work you guys. I appreciate the fact that you guys are Dad and son team. To me it speaks authenticity and I am thankful for both of your perceptions. Thanks again.
Also wonder if, along w keeping a connection w person in the past, resentment might have an obsessive quality of wanting to return to the experience over and over again to try to redo it with a different outcome? If only they/I had acted differently things would have been better for us/me-
It's resentful that you feel you can understand and talk like you have experience when you don't. You have a family member a life a future a hope a friend. Until you lose thise,,, you're just talking. Not knowing.
Hi Maryam, we record the podcasts by ourselves without an audience. Rick does have a weekly meditation group that he hosts on Zoom. You can find it here: www.rickhanson.net/teaching/wednesday-meditations-with-dr-rick-hanson/
I think of a grudge as something you "hold" while resentment is an emotional experience you "feel." Maybe a grudge is the name we give to a particular resentment. That said, they're very much related; the definition of grudge even includes the word 'resentment:' a persistent feeling of ill will or resentment resulting from a past insult or injury.
This discussion helped me so much. It validated many of my feelings. I am often criticized for being a grudge holder...and that may be a deserved accusation, but this conversation was so laced with compassion that it felt like a balm. Thank you. I am often amazed at Forrest's wrap up at the podcasts' conclusions...so we'll done. Thank you both!
I loved the part Rick added about evo psych. Resentment may have been adaptive in the ancient past, when we lived in small groups. Our biggest threat was other groups that wanted to take from our group. In those circumstances, decades long resentments and warrior-like fierceness it generated protected us. Nowadays these resentments only take us away from well-being. They are a reasonable part of the id that I must learn to compartmentalize. They go in the resentment box because they’re too dangerous to let out. This episode is incredibly helpful for my struggle. Thank you guys!
At my mother's wake, a relative (I hate calling her aunt) put her arm around 11 year old vulnerable me and said, 'think of me as your mother'. Less than a month later, she comes over and tells my father, she is taking me for the weekend. I was thrilled. The next day she leaves for her church work with instructions to the tasks that needed to be done. Being raised to be obedient, I began diligently doing the work. However, I realized that her sons who were 1 & 4 years younger kept on playing so I stopped n began playing too. When she returned n saw the undone work she began raging, more at me, being 1 year older.Having a rageful father n then this at the time I was grieving for my mom, kind snapped something inside me. Over the years, she would often come n take me to her place for the sole purpose of doing her housework. My father venerated her because she knew how to play him n also because of her church activities. She only saw me as an object to be used. Not once did she stop to think that here is a child who has just lost her mother. The evil that lurks under the guise of goodness is something I am still unable to fathom😢
So sorry you had to deal with such despicable behavior!
I’m sorry for your experience. All we can do sometimes after acknowledging is to do better when we have power.
The last sentence made me immediately think of communal narcissism. These folks are dangerous and will destroy anyone in their path to maintain their image.
Wow. That's so heartbreaking. I'm sorry you went through that.
I love how genuine you both are, and how deep your inquiries go. Thank you for all your efforts and sharing your skills and knowledge.
Thank you for this discussion and for the other ones that helped me a lot during difficult moments in the past few years. Having also a core of sadness and anxiety, it helped me a lot to understand and accept the resentments I felt lately towards a certain person. Only by listening to you guys I already feel better. Thank you again!
Wow, I love you guys❤! I normally cannot listen on RUclips for more than 10, 15 minutes max! However, I easily listen to your videos that are typically over an hour! Fabulous content, thank you! I have been self helping since I've been 15 years old & I'm 60 now! Cptsd is a forever wound but I do experience moments, sometimes days of peace and happiness ❤. Thank you for your contribution to healing, you are both so helpful. Socially, it's so easy to respect a clinical psychologist (Rick, you are an exceptional one!) but I'm so much more judgemental about people without big titles... but Forest you are phenomenal at summarizing in a succinct way, while being gentle and kind. You two are a gift to my healing. Again, I love you both❤! Bless you
So insightful and authentic; this podcast really gets at the difficult lived experience of resentment. Rick's observation that we sometimes hold onto resentment to keep alive a relationship we're not fully ready to release and grieve is counterintuitive -- and spot on. Forrest's suggestion to consider how you want to feel -- not just that you don't want to feel resentful -- is a great way to move the mind out of its rut(s). This and so much more to consider and apply in working with and through this difficult emotion (or, rather, constellation of emotions). Thanks, guys, for another wonderful tag-team reflection and teaching!
Thank you!
This point that Rick made was so insightful and Forrest’s response was really spot on. I totally got it.
It's crazy how I have always considered myself as peaceful, and goodhearted, and I always told myself "I forgive this person for what they did" but only at a conscious level, but deep in my heart, resentment never left. It's until now that I turned 30, that I realized it and am working on it. Great podcast! Thaanks!
It takes a lot of energy, wasted time and time is money… to carry. Having a mom like this that took on this sacrifice and I thank her because it taught me what I do not want to do… it’s heavy and over all a joy stealer! Not for me and I truly pray for everyone that is in this space and place in their lives. I pray for them to have a blessing. Thank you Rick, thank you Forrest, keep up the great team work. 👍🏼
I've been resentful towards my mother for far too long. In public she's gentle, sweet, kind and I'm so sick of everyone not only believing that, but telling me how lucky I am to have such an angel for a mother. Behind closed doors, since my earliest memories, she has lived to shame and persecute me. She never gave me emotional or physical affection, rarely ever listened when I speak to her. Now my disdain of her is starting to show, she's trying to turn my husband against me by telling him she's so confused, she hasn't done anything wrong, and I'm at fault because I'm bound to be a bit like my dad - who she hated. Fortunately, and hilariously, this behaviour has finally outed her true nature to my husband. It took him 48 years to see it 😕😢 But I have some redemption at last, even if it's only from 1 person. The most important person fortunately. What a life affirmation for me. At last!!! 🎉
The wounds built up over a number of years and have now become full blown trauma.
It's been so difficult trying to have relationships with my siblings because the resentment within our family is huge and it has been passed down to my nieces and nephews. When I speak up about it I am shunned or laughed at. I have received many punches in the stomach. This video has helped me immensely to fully understand what is going on and what I need to do to move forward. My sincerest gratitude to both of you!
I got this. That's what I keep telling myself. That's how I cope now. I refuse to relapse. I got almost four years clean. I have big plans tomorrow and Saturday and Sunday look good..
I so enjoy the format of your podcast. Thank you for dissecting this topic. I had no idea I was holding so much resentment, underneath my anger. I appreciate the way you break-down this topic into understandable parts, detailing the what, where and how of this emotion. Thank you for also including help step-stones to breaking out of our own misery! :-). Keep up the good work. I appreciate your podcasts. Thank you.
I am very greatful for all your work that you spread around with so much generosity. As for this subject, I couldn't agree more. I am sooooo fed up hearing about offering "forgiveness" towards people who do not seek to be forgiven for their wrong-doing. Better use the word "release" or "detach" or as you said "disconnect". Forgiveness takes two and there is no reason to wish well to someone who tried his best to harm you.
This is a fantastic conversation, thank you for sharing it. I really appreciate the deep dive into the “what we’re getting out of it” part of the emotion and the cost, as well as the emphasis on nourishing yourself from the roots to become less vulnerable to things such as resentment. I feel like these are an incredibly important part of the conversation that are (somewhat bafflingly) completely skipped over by other people discussing topics like this and it’s great to be able to hear other intelligent people fleshing out their perspectives on it. I’ve really come to be grateful for the consistently thoughtful and compassionate content you guys are putting out.
Super powerful. Letting go of the resentment in order to have inner peace is key.
Brilliant brilliant
You guys were so talking to me in a way.
Resentment keeps people that hurt you alive in your life and gives them power over your emotions
It is very pleasant to listen to your interaction together. We can feel the great connexion between you both. Also the way to ease out of resentment and free our mind of all the preoccupation it makes so we can get unstuck from this inner cycle. Thank you a lot.
Thank you Marie!
Thank you for helping us to understand resentment and giving us ways to unpack it and manage it for sake of our own health and happiness and empowerment. The light bulb moment recognising carrying resentment has no effect on anyone but ourselves
I discovered this channel by chance a few weeks ago and have devoured every episode, but this episode alone made me become a member! Please keep producing such incredibly helpful topics. The worlds needs this!
When Forest explained It and all the aspects of how it feels is a perfect description for me with what I’ve been experiencing. This talk has been so inspiring to me. Thanks to both of you. Great episode.
I'm learning that since many past events in my life, I have let resentment, anger, and embitterment pretty much take over my whole operating system. If you have never experienced joy or happiness in your life, where do you even find a frame of reference to begin to change how you see the world and the humans in it? 5th time through this one now. thank you both.
This is one of the best episodes!
Your father/son relationship is so adorable and warms my heart!! 💗💖 Thank you for your podcasts/work. It's been very helpful in my life!!
Hey! What you said about them being in pain is true i believe, otherwise why would you constantly be attacking and trying to act like you are better than, superior, both my sisters are like this, narcissists, I have really suffered from feeling less than, but i think they are both in pain, actually i think they back off when they can't get supply from you, its a big subject; telling my narcissistic abusive sister what problem was exactly; was extremely helpful to me, she was very angry when I spoke to her next, and I don't know if she will contact me again but I don't have resentment, if she continues on which she will, I'll decide then! I am going to keep saying I don't like that, because it certainly helps!❤
Fantastic talk. Very interesting subject. Thank you!!
I would love to hear a further exploration of this topic between you and Africa Brook 🙏🙌🌿
Listening to this for the 3rd time - your strategies are actually useful but I keep slipping up on road to recovery!
This was pretty insightful, this one definitely will go on the rewTch list. So, now I know why Rick is so damn Zen, haha. A Buddhist instructor... It's not a surprise.
Thankyou so much Forrest and Dr Rick, I am new to finding your videos and have been finding them so fantastic. This particular one has really made me move through a difficult situation. Today I feel like a weight has been lifted off my shoulders. ❤
Absolutely amazing insights that I needed right now!! Thankyou so much …. I believe I will walk forward much much lighter after this🙏😍
The part of the discussion regarding resentment being a form of hanging on to a relationship reminds me a lot of what I saw on social media after Trump lost the election in January. Hoo boy.
Possibly some ‘Trump resentment’ here??
Wow guys, a great episode. As Rick knows, I am a long time fan of his, and his work & it is a delight to see you work together. Such a helpful exploration of a difficult experience, resentment - I am sure I will listen again to mine more gold from your exchange. Thanks Rick and Forrest.xx
Forrest, your summarising at the end is very much appreciated. Such wise words, i truly love listening to these videos. This subject in particular is very comforting.
Thank you you helped undo & soften my resentful feelings today!😊
Forrest, I’m back thank you for your video.
Fantastic content that has already made a difference in my life! I appreciate all that you offer to the world and want you to know that your personal style and insightful content is tops!!
It’s really difficult when parents have been deliberately cruel because they resent your existence. As an adult I find this difficult, when my sister was treated differently and they all act like everything is good. I’m the only one that feels shit about it.
Loved this episode. Resentment is so tough to overcome and such a truly human experience
love your exploration and conversation of this deep topic, great perspectives and so real. Thank you for yr generosity.
Thank you, will be spending time with this conversation. So useful and much to digest.
So interesting. Really highlighted some of my resentment towards certain aspects of modern life. Thanks for another great episode. Definitely shared with my friends.
Apologies are very powerful.
This is a lovely discussion. I am new to you guys. I figured out pretty soon you’re informed by Zen practice.🙏🏼❤️
And I want to change so thank you for crossing my pass when you did God bless
Sara
Great talk on resentment with a depth and authenticity that is vulnerable and rare, and powerful. Thanks for the valuable insights and reframing!
I had wondered whether ruminating also served a purpose - to reanimate/rescript/reframe/review - as an imagined intention to ‘redeem’ or resolve? Not sure how effective this turns out to be, but this kind of energetic ‘transfusion’ is alluring.
I think this is probably really true David. There's a lot in classical psychology about rumination/"the desire to return." Resentment can definitely get bound up in that IMO.
@@ForrestHanson I must admit this rather innocuous subject has really exposed some powerfully but subtly entrenched personal issues in my life regarding resentment - of my dear god for allowing so much pain and misfortune yet disallowing the opportunities for true purpose and fulfilment to come to pass in my life (while knowing he/she was never to blame), and so, so much of that resentment tends to shed on to me - as self condemnation - forkin sucks Forrest & Rick, but I’m always grateful for the loving light you shine into my life.
Such a helpful talk, just what I needed at a time I am calm enough, questioning enough to dig deeper within myself. Thank you so much, Ev
Love this. Thank you for this video, really needed to hear this.
Thanks!
Love you guys 🙏🏻💞
I absolutely love this and other podcasts by these beautiful souls! Thank you for the offering of peace and understanding ☺️
You both are awesome. Can you explained how this is different from abuse?
Don't trust don't believe don't hope don't care...then focus on doing what others do to live.
Thank you
Great stuff ❤
Well done!
Hi Rick, keep up the great work you guys. I appreciate the fact that you guys are Dad and son team. To me it speaks authenticity and I am thankful for both of your perceptions. Thanks again.
It's interesting that this turned up on my RUclips feed next to one about Prince Harry! ... 😊
Thank you both! I really appreciate how you frame and address the topics you cover!
This is very helpful…. Thank you
Hi. Great podcast as always. You and Rick are awesome and I love your humour. How do I receive the notes? How do I subscribe or receive newsletters?
thanks ..this helped me a lot
So true. I cant love you but i can hate you and continue to acknowledge you in that way.
Im injured deeply when i hurt someone and im injured deeply when someone hurts me. Dont know....both bother me equally. Cant get past it. 😮
I don't know how to let go. I don't want to be resentful but it just festers inside of me.
Also wonder if, along w keeping a connection w person in the past, resentment might have an obsessive quality of wanting to return to the experience over and over again to try to redo it with a different outcome? If only they/I had acted differently things would have been better for us/me-
We don't think it's going to hurt others. That's stupid and insulting. We hate that people get away with causing us injuries and no one cares.
Being blamed for something you know you were innocent. Getting no chance to explain or be believed if you did have a chance. Exiled....
Does Rich Hanson accept clients?
25:30-42:28
They both are beautiful men.
It's resentful that you feel you can understand and talk like you have experience when you don't. You have a family member a life a future a hope a friend. Until you lose thise,,, you're just talking. Not knowing.
How can I join the zoom meeting?
Hi Maryam, we record the podcasts by ourselves without an audience. Rick does have a weekly meditation group that he hosts on Zoom. You can find it here: www.rickhanson.net/teaching/wednesday-meditations-with-dr-rick-hanson/
Thank you so much Forrest. Also, one question: what is the difference between resentment and grudge? thank you for your attention.
I think of a grudge as something you "hold" while resentment is an emotional experience you "feel." Maybe a grudge is the name we give to a particular resentment.
That said, they're very much related; the definition of grudge even includes the word 'resentment:' a persistent feeling of ill will or resentment resulting from a past insult or injury.
Thank you so much
On top.of Complex PTSD I have something at the present which is just as ugly.
28:30
42:45
34:40
12 minute mark
Let that marinade a minute…
25:34
36:59
38:53
Thank 🙏🏼 You
Please don't go woke on this podcast. Resentment politics is on both sides.
Don’t be resentful Rat😂
You lost me at “white supremacist”.