Irwin Shapiro: Scientist Extraordinaire from the Earth to the Stars, and at 94, still going strong
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- Опубликовано: 15 мар 2024
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A note from Lawrence:
Irwin Shapiro is a remarkable human being by almost any standard. Following his education in physics at Cornell and Harvard, he had a job at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory working on various problems in planetary dynamics, and radar ranging, when he went to a lecture and realized that a completely new phenomenon could occur in General Relativity that no one had proposed in the half-century since Einstein first proposed it. For objects traveling near a massive object like the Sun, the travel time to go from one point to another would be slightly longer than it would be if one simply divided the distance traveled by the speed of light. One might think this is simply due to the fact that light takes a curved trajectory near a massive object, rather than traveling in a straight line. But as Shapiro showed, there is an additional time delay, due to the fact that clocks tick somewhat slower in a gravitational field than they would otherwise.
This effect, now known as the Shapiro Effect has become known as the 4th test of General Relativity, a test the theory passed when Shapiro and collaborators used the Haystack Observatory to carefully measure reception times for radar signal that passed near the sun.
Irwin went from that triumph to Chair the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at MIT, and from there to Harvard to lead the Harvard Smithsonian Observatory. He remains at Harvard, where at 94 years old, as Timkin University Professor, he still teachers classes, is doing research in biology, and plays tennis several times a week!
Besides all of this, Irwin is one of the most lovely and gentle scientists I have known in my career, which continued after my stint at Harvard largely because of encouragement he gave to me at a very difficult time for me. As a result, it was a pure delight to reconnect with him after many years, and have a conversation about his long career, the evolution of science in the 60 odd years that he has been doing it, and about life in general. I hope you enjoy it, and find it as intellectually and emotionally stimulating as I did.
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Irwin Shapiro is the perfect example of how life lived can be the potential for experience to accumulate and wisdom to evolve. We can do far worse than to listen to our elders and appreciate the experience they have gathered throughout their years.
Sir, I bow to your knowledge and experience!
Thank you, Mr. Krauss, for doing this. And thanks to your great guest. 👍
What a wonderful man Professor Shaprio is! I listened to all of your conversation with Professor Shapiro and thoroughly enjoyed it. Thank you Dr Krauss!
Thanks, it was wonderful to hear Irwin Shapiro's stories.
An incredibly interesting conversation, thank you both for being here.
I was so excited to see a new episode! Much gratitude… always helps me relax my mind … I am unsure if I have given gratitude to all of the technological engineers, scientists, researchers, programmers, and professors, but your work granted me access to listen and watch some of the most historically important people, provided me opportunities to think critically, and see my generations most important events. Watching leaders of each industry debate or discuss topics as well as show deep appreciation for the other person so often has truly impacted learning through communication and communion in a revolutionary way. Thank you Dr. Krauss and all of the pioneers of this medium… for providing programs that gave me and many others the confidence to share new ways of thinking without judgement. Gratitude
Saudações querido Professor Mestre, Lawrence Krauss, live incrível ! Muito obrigada !
An incredible podcast. Thanks for doing this!!! Absolutely awesome.
Just outstanding.. thank you!
Just brilliant talk, simple amazing.....
I love that you and Dr. Shapiro and all the wonderful scientists who labor day in and day out study the universe and share your findings with all of us. There’s so much willful ignorance in our politics. Thank you for pushing back against stupidity. It really helps.
For Krauss to call someone akind and wonderful human... there hardly is greater honor
I went to study engineering but never thought that there won't be any girls studying engineering until I started. Then, I started to work as an engineer and there were also no girls. I find it interesting that Mr. Shapiro knew his priorities that early on. In my culture, studying engineering is considered very attractive & you could earn a lot. But if you're coming from a wealthy family, then your priorities can be different. Nevertheless, Mr. Shapiro is a very inspiring person!
it is the reason Einstein always said there is a change in the speed of light from place to place in a gravitational field.
the funny thing is that you can think of all motion of matter as the motion of light clocks in some sense i'm sure you can imagine correctly, the the time then in a matter system is controlled by the speed of light gradient, or the shapiro effect if you will, and if you look in euclidian coordinates, you find that the rate of clocks relative to each other depending on where they are in the potential is a function of the speed of light gradient and the distances in the light clocks, this is why the length effect is 2nd order. because the length corresponding to a stationary measuring rod in a given location looks to be the same for all observers more or less, not relative to their own but as a field and if you define the speed of light in relation to your own clock, then the speed of light in that location of the rod will depend on where you are, so if you are at the same potential, it is the same as the speed of light you measure, but if you are higher up, it will look slower, purely kinetically. if you use a coordinate system that is purely intrinsic then the local speed of light is always there same everywhere and time dilation is fixed, but if you use euclidian coordinates or other coordinate systems where acceleration produces radiation in relation to geodesics, then the speed of light is fixed in a gradient corresponding to the gradient of the gravitational field, more or less, some details of how to define the coordinates where acceleration corresponds to radiation is left out but still, fun stuff.
the Shapiro effect is equivalent to taking a gradient in the scalar speed of light in euclidian coordinates. 100% necessary for the coherence of the theory :P.
the point about wavelength dependence, or really frequency dependence, is really cool and important, if you want to create a theory of a medium that conveys light and that can set up these gradients in the speed of light in euclidian coordinates. because now you need to create a kind of medium that needs to oscillate and needs to slow stuff down, but it cannot do it in the same way that it is done in a normal material, there cannot be oscillators of a given resonance involved, at least not in a non funny way. for example if you imagine a kind of solid grid or solid block that can transfer transverse waves, it could be plucked like a guitar string, and you would somehow have to cancel out the resonance such that with any combination of waves every frequency travels at the same rate, and then you could introduce gradients in the speed :P it is not non trivial even to get it right without a gradient.
Roger Penrose is a youngster to him
you could make the resonant frequencies way way too large or way too small to have a differential effect on what we observe, but that is an absurd solution :P.
I am in a way terrified that a person on a level of Hitch personal physicist did not know that milions of things were launched into the space... And how we could know what is really going on? ;(
Agree 100% . This millennia noble people are much harder to find.
I have always enjoyed listening to Lawrence Krauss lectures and talks, very interesting and informative. However, lately i have found his podcast interviews to be difficult to watch as he dominates the conversation and does not let the other person speak very much. I don't think I'll bother with this channel any more.
just try for fun, a medium with a transverse wave that has the same velocity of propagation for all frequencies
📍1:52:14
Why did he hide his data?
Did his data really support Einstein's GTR?
What was the real error?
it is sure not the geodesics of GR as formulated.
Shapiro is 94 but maybe he would think it fun to think about what it means that only one coordinate system or type of coordinate system has transverse acceleration produce radiation :P the equivalence principle ain't it. if you define the geodesics to be trajectories that can be followed that produce no gravitational or other radiation, then what coordinate system is that?
i think it is tragic that people have to deal with aholes who try to steal, but it is also quite funny, that people are that whack, it is just so laughable, if i didn't actually care about integrity i would still be worried out of my mind that people would think of me as a person who would do such a thing, if i heard some person did that, they would be forever tainted as a silly billy in my mind, and i think and hope that most people loose their respect for some person immediately and irretrievably when they do something like that, i can't understand how something like that could ever be worth it for a single paper, even if it is revolutionary.
And What’s The Meaning Of This , 3 times, then, What’s The Meaning of this 4 times, and then what’s the meaning of this Chris.
Repeat 3 times from the top again , then “ What’s the meaning of this Irwin.
apparently he would have studied cow poop if it kept him out of the military
What in the world is that scratchy throat sound
dog in the background
@TheOriginsPodcast Thank you for clarifying. And for these extraordinary conversations.
Shhhh Apologies I'm just a yapper.
krauss stop talking over people ffs, you are doing podcasts, you should know better, so many interuptions and talking over people its pain to listen to