Andrei Linde: Inflation, Multiverses, and all that, from Mr. Eternal Inflation
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- Опубликовано: 13 май 2023
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A message from Lawrence:
Andrei Linde is one of the world’s leading cosmological theorists, and is the father of much of Inflationary Cosmology. After Alan Guth developed the original idea of Inflation, Linde, who had been active in this area while working in Moscow, realized a way to make a workable theory out of it, resolving a major problem, called the ‘Graceful Exit’ problem. After that, he made the striking realization that Inflation is inevitable, even in relatively simple theoretical models, and moreover that Inflation will in general be eternal, spawning an infinite number of ‘pocket universes’, as Guth calls them, over an infinite amount of time. While there is much talk about multiverses in the context of string theory, it is the Inflationary Multiverse that is most well motivated, and is currently the most widely accepted picture of the global structure of space and time at the present moment.
Andrei is not only an incredible creative scientist, he is a charming fellow. I have enjoyed my interactions with him since I first met him, about 40 years ago. He is one of a handful of leading Russian scientists who were snapped up by the US after the fall of the Soviet Union. Since arriving in the US he has helped lead a vibrant program in Cosmology and String Theory at Stanford University. I was very excited to finally be able to have a dialogue with Andrei for The Origins Podcast. His teaching schedule precluded doing something each time I had reached out to him in the past, so I felt very fortunate when the stars aligned, or at least his teaching schedule and my recording schedule aligned. What resulted is a fascinating conversation with a remarkable scientist, and a lovely conversationalist. We discussed his own experiences in Russia and then again after emigrating, as well as Inflation, Multiverses, and the state of modern cosmology. I hope you enjoy it as much as I did.
Consider supporting the podcast and the Origins Project Foundation at originsproject.org/
The Origins Podcast, a production of The Origins Project Foundation, features in-depth conversations with some of the most interesting people in the world about the issues that impact all of us in the 21st century. Host, theoretical physicist, lecturer, and author, Lawrence M. Krauss, will be joined by guests from a wide range of fields, including science, the arts, and journalism. The topics discussed on The Origins Podcast reflect the full range of the human experience - exploring science and culture in a way that seeks to entertain, educate, and inspire.
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Absolutely adore Andrei Linde. Wonderful storyteller.
I'm not a physicist so can't pretend I truly understand everything that was discussed,but this was still utterly fascinating. It's great to listen to how someone like Andrei Linde's ideas were formed, and to be reminded that it's not all about solving the equations. That everyday life plays a major role in how we come to think about everything. Thank you both.
This podcast just keeps delivering amazing content
Thank you! Hope you enjoy this episode.
Indeed. I hope this never ends ✌💙💛
Excellent podcast. Nothing less to be expected from one of my favourite Professors. Professor Krauss.
It was emotional to grasp the depth of the soul of Andrei Linde in his modesty and his genius thoughts. Also, his slavic realism and infinite kindness is remarkable. Thank you both.
For Krauss's part, I just love his depth of knowledge and his still childhood-like enthusiasm for profound science. 🤵🐅🐅🐅👍
Linde is the greatest living physicist in my view, happy you had him on!
I met Prof. Linde a few years ago at the Caltech astronomy library
Я изучаю английский язык, слушая Андрея Линде. Он мог бы профессионально работать преподавателем английского языка с образцовым произношением. Спасибо за интересный диалог!
Love Andrei 😎
Why so little viewers? This is quality content!
That’s why. Apologies for my cynicism. This is top notch content. Agreed.
Could be because it's Mother's Day, and people are celebrating instead of sitting in front of their computers
You just answered your own question
@Liberty Infinite "since theology"?? You have to elaborate more on this. And most importantly, in this "argument " of yours, you are logically obliged to offer some examples of those who .. in your language, do not "drive the whole race into the ground." Otherwise, your statement makes little sense beyond general anti-intellectualism, which indeed could be argued as something certainly "driving the whole HUMAN race into the ground" I would assume you meant humanity, not actual "race" as in racial theory :) It would be best if you had observable definitions before accusations. I suggest investing in a philosophical dictionary; some mathematical analysis helps as well... enjoy
Sometimes prof Krauss does not let his guests talk much but this podcast is really very good. this time he did very well. Prof Linde is very good person and scientist at the same time.
Excellent discussion beginning to end, thanks for translating some of the physics. It so sad about this f-ing war and our sadder foreign policy toward Russia. I was fortunate to meet so many great Russian scientist over the years, so appreciated their novel approaches esp. in theory, likely as they often didn't have the tech equipment for experiments. Often they'd travel on shoe-string budgets, driving across Europe to attend a conference and discuss work. We missed a great opportunity for pease with NATO expansion and arming Ukraine. So it goes...I guess.
Excellent show
I have been captivated by this discussion. Thank you both so much.
@Liberty Infinite I have no fear of being critical. I thoroughly enjoyed this conversation and said so. It's that simple.
Excellent conversation gentlemen.
This was amazing! I couldn't stop watching for a second
Coincidentally, I'm reading Max Tegmark's remarkable book "our mathematical universe",and the mentions Alan Guth many times, In the recommended reading section he mentions Adian Linde as one "must read". ❤
Hi Lawrence. This was an amazing interview, I learnt so much from both of you! Even the personal anecdotes were interesting and inspiring. By the way, I just finished your recent books “The Known Unknowns” and “The Greatest Story Ever Told So Far” - and nearly finished “A Universe from Nothing”. This video interview helped me put a lot of pieces together.
Another great podcast. Another great guest. Thank you very much for both.
What an amusing, informative and energizing discussion this has been! Makes me wish I were back in grad school again. Many thanks to you, Andre, for both physics and personal anecdotes (and their intersection); and to you, Herr Prof Dr Interviewer L. Krauss! (In any sensible universe surely that should be 'von Krauss'.)
You are a great interviewer! I love learning all these human things along with the history of science. Kaspadin Linde is such a humble guy here, I love hearing the stories from him. Thanks, you both for this great piece of media, I really appreciate it.
From a random guy with a hobby that is (your work) science .
peace
I also ended up smiling. Thank you very much
Lawrence --- Thanks again ;)
Linde just has this wonderful aura about him. ❤ hearing him talk and having to listen closely given his Russian accent together with the minutia of an esoteric subject. 🤵
What a wonderful interview!!!! I have never heard of this gentleman…. I love his story! Would love to hear more about his wife too & his mother flying night raids against the nazis!!!!
Incredible content!!!
❤❤❤❤
Loved it.
💚🤍💛
Thanks!
It is amazing that these scientists can discern certain patterns in nature given that their predececessors missed the parsimonious architecture of nature during the classical to quantum transition. There is a very simple solution if only they had considered ASSEMBLIES of point charges make standard model particles. Then they would have realized that all standard model particles are ASSEMBLIES, including the photon, which would have caused them to think about the speed of light differently, as the group speed of a photon assembly. Next they would have realized that in tightly orbiting pairs of opposite point charges, that it is perfectly fine for the speed of those point charges to exceed their own field speed up to the Planck scale curvature. This regime where point charge speed exceeds field speed and reaches a limit at the Planck scale is the self-action region. So, when a large collection of point charges are crunched down to the density of the Planck scale and then exposed to less dense spacetime, they INFLATE, meaning the orbiting point charge dipole radius rises quickly, curvature drops quickly, frequency drops quickly, and so on. That’s it. That’s your clue to how nature works.
i'm just a nobody (lol) but i was born in southampton on the south coast of the UK in 1954, so although the war was long gone my parents were constantly reminding us ungrateful kids that they hadn't seen a banana in four years, that food had been rationed, that there were biafrans starving so we should be grateful, and to this day it is a rare occasion i leave any food on my plate, cos that would be "a wicked waste".
listening to it bit by bit - because of lack of free time, but also because some parts are heart-wrenching for a Russian person...
thank you for this amazing podcast!
Great talk, very interesting. ....
Excellent podcast. His way of thinking is so familiar to me, like I listen to my relative
Thank you so much!
Love professor Linde.
Interesting stuff
I love reading popular books about science too! In fact, nonfiction was interesting and refreshingly enjoyable for 16 year old me (compared to those 18th century books that I had to read for literature lessons)
Three hours!?! Nice!!!
If the Multiverse is just ONE universe but the physics change depending on where you are.... Then the universe must be quite a hell of a lot larger than we initially thought.
yes
Yes, indeed, inflation makes the universe large and homogeneous by stretching it exponentially. What we did not understand when we started developing it is that it far-removed parts can be very different from ours.
Question: How is eternal inflation consistent with slow role inflation? How are bubbles of sudden difference in vacuum energy consistent with the idea that the vacuum energy slowly changed?
Slow roll inflation means that the energy of the scalar field driving inflation slowly decreases during the expansion of the universe. Eternal inflation happens because quantum fluctuations in some of its parts bring the scalar field back to the state of large energy density, and then inflation makes these rare parts enormously large. And this process may continue.
@@AndreiLinde-uv8eq I appreciate your response. But I'm still a little confused. As I understand it, it is the discontinuous difference in vacuum energy that causes the bubble to exponentially expand. But it is the slow role that causes the uniformity within the bubble. I don't see how both can be true within a bubble. How can the vacuum energy slow roll from the false vacuum to the true vacuum and yet the bubble expand due to the difference in vacuum energy. If it is slowly rolling, then there is no difference to begin with between the vacuum energy inside and outside the bubble and the bubble would not expand. It seems the uniformity inside the bubble contradicts the expansion of the bubble. I do appreciate your help with this.
@@mikejurney9102 In the general theory of relativity, the speed of expansion (Hubble constant) is related to local energy density. The energy difference between different bubbles, and even their existence, is not really important. If the scalar field slowly decreases (slow roll) in some part of the universe, then its energy density for a long time stays high, which results in inflation.
@@AndreiLinde-uv8eq Thank you. I enjoyed your talk.
My favourite prof. Krauss, sharp as always
Andrei has Genius genes like Nima Arkani Hamed who's both parents were Physics professors at University of Tabriz in Iran. Please also have Nima on this podcast Mr. Krauss.
Sure we could wonder how energy transfer could occur from a supermassive black hole in one universe to the nebulae of another Universe.
Yet we can look at some of the mechanics of energy transfer on smaller scale. Particularly from high pressure to low pressure in weather energies. Low pressure drawing in weather moisture energies as high pressure push them away.
Then in space heat energies flow towards cold.
The low energy pressure area of one universe attracting the high energy pressure of the gravity well base of a supermassive black hole. Likely facilitated by the formation of a wormhole formed by the difference in energy pressure and facilitated by heat towards cold. Heat of the black hole and the colder low pressure area of the nebulae.
Especially should we consider a natural systemic formation between dimensions of space in each universe, Trough and Crest or lower & higher energy substrates. Facilitate systemic flow from the Crest of one dimension of one universe to the Trough dimension of another universe flowing up to its Crest dimension Then exiting to the Trough of a next systemic joined universe till the system folds around into a closed loop.
Where one universe such as ours has an ultra low energy substrate flowing to a low energy substrate universe Then to a medium energy universe then to a high energy substrate universe, folding around to complete the loop. The whole system comprised of relative dwarf universal spaces seperate from but gravitationally linked to a relative Giant universe of ultra high energy.
This ultra high energy giant universe and its ultra high energy particles responsible for eternal inflationary big bangs by depositing these ultra high energy particles into dwarf ultra low energy universe like ours.
Meaning there are any number of dwarf linked universal systems attached to this giant universal space in parallel attachment to ours.
This suggests any number of other giant ultra high energy universes any number of which may themselves be linked as larger possibly looped systems with supermassive white holes as the Cosmic mitochondrial energy pumps.
Andrei may I add some of this is inspired by your multiverse work!!!
❤
Can you also add timestamps?
Thank you very much ❤
Infinity is not a linier thing in all directions that we can measure. Being at every point, (space) all the "time" is the nature of infinity. All that we can perceive and everything we cannot yet and may never comprehend expands into this...
*Edit; It means I do not know. I am okay with that. Onward! ~ DreadfulBride, aka
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"... one of the most successful models of inflationary cosmology ..." Think about the Bohr versus Einstein debates concerning the philosophical meaning of quantum theory. According to Einstein ("The Meaning of Relativity", 5th edition, p. 165), "One can give good reasons why reality cannot at all be represented by a continuous field." Consider some hypotheses: (1) Professor Milgrom of the Weizmann Institute is the world's greatest living scientist. (2) The main problem with string theory is that the string theorists refuse to study MOND's empirical successes. (3) There are 2 basic forms of string theory: (i) string theory without Einsteinian causality & (ii) string theory with Einsteinian causality. (4) String theory with Einsteinian causality implies Fredkin's finite nature hypothesis, string vibrations are approximately confined to 3 copies of the Leech lattice, there are 6 basic quarks because there are 6 pariah groups, the multiverse is 72-dimensional, & the monster group & the 6 pariah groups allow a mathematical isomorphism between the multiverse & a finite-state machine. (5) String theory without Einsteinian causality implies SUSY, the Friedmann model, an inflaton field, & no MOND. (6) String theory with Einsteinian causality implies MOND, the Riofrio-Sanejouand model, a deflaton field replacing the inflaton field, & no SUSY. Are my hypotheses wrong? Please google "Pavel Kroupa dark matter" & "Edward Witten Pavel Kroupa".
What do you say to Susanne Hossenfelder's criticism that modern cosmology and nuclear physics fit models to the measurements with more parameters than they explain. She claims that all theories beyond the Standard Model just add new things to the equations and then find nothing rhey claim to predict. She is of the opinion that this isn't science anymore, but a way to produce more papers in journals and make a carer in physics without doing actuall scientific work.
There are many inflationary models which solve several complicated cosmological problems and simultaneously explain all inflation-related observational data using just a single parameter. Alas, it is so easy to write books on the crisis in cosmology without really working on it...
Did Anyone Asked You if Dr Steven Greer is related to you?😂❤❤
You look so Much like Him.
Get Claudio Bunster!
In recent vídeos if i understand, Inflation predict gravitational waves whit a tilt to Red, string gas cosmology predict gravitational waves whit a tilt to blue. ...
yes.. in general.
@@TheOriginsPodcast It is hard to reply to this question. The string gas cosmology is based on a very speculative mechanism of passing through the cosmological singularity. When I and my collaborators studied their papers on this subject many years ago, we found that it is based on many unproven conjectures, and the final conclusion was incorrect. This does not necessarily means that this is a dead end, but one should be careful with the predictions of those who claim that they know how to go through the cosmological singularity.
Hi again, im just a lay person, Alfred Amruth, from Hong-Kong University, claim that they observations, fit better in Axions models. ....can you or Mr. Linde comment on that, all the best.
📍2:11:52
Why so many adds? an add every 5 minutes on your videos. It discourages me from trying to listen in the background while working.
The biggest miracles are discovered by people who don't believe in miracles.
My favorite podcast after Lex Fridman lost his god damn mind.
Fizzy cysts and fun and mental fizz icks.
Can you send me your business mail if you do business?
IF IF IF 😂
Two LLM ... in conversation.
Eeww. Fizzy Cysts. Eeww.
Too many adverts, you’re obviously just in it for the money and don’t really care about Truth.
I'm lucky I don't receive any adverts on my desktop computer. Must be that I'm using firefox and not chrome, also I have an anti-ad blocker. However on my android phone when watching youtube, it is full of unwanted adverts.
Yes there are many signs point out that Almighty Allah exists. Almighty Allah is the Originator of the skies and the earth".
( Qur'an, 2 : 117 )
Superburb amazing people. Thank you.