I followed the advice in this video and I got a 7 with no stress! I took another paper 1 a month later and without studying, I just remembered this technique and got a 6. Bless your soul for this. Thank you so much.
I know this is an old video but I'd like to extend my gratitude to you. IB results came out on July 6th and I got a 7 in HL Language & Literature! Thank you so much
@@akx1237 The best advice I can give you for English is just to get accustomed to reading and analyzing difficult texts eg reading a bunch of articles. Once you can read and interpret better, you can write better. You should also read over a lot of Sample Paper 1's and Paper 2's to get a gist of what IB is looking for.
TEAPCALIM T - Text type E - Elements of text type A - Author P - Purpose C - Context A - Audience L - Language I - Image M - Meaning Text Type: ***Which text type is it? Elements of text type: ***How do we know it's that text type? ^ Why did the author choose this specific text type? And why is that essential for the author's purpose? Audience: ***Who is this text written for? Why is this text written for them? How do we know it's written for them? (explicitly or implicitly) Purpose: ***Why has the author written this text? And how do we know that it is because of that reason? (both obvious and underlying purpose) Context: ***Time/Place/Situation (TPS) ***Look at the date, country and the possible situations related to those two pieces of information ***This can genuinely add more meaning to a piece than what is written Author: ***Who is the author? Why is this important? Does the author add or retract credibility to the piece? Does the author have an agenda? Language: ***Literary features / rhetorical techniques / persuasive techniques / tone / mood ***Relate these features and techniques to other areas of analysis, such as: purpose, context, and audience ***These are the ways the author uses in order to make his text more convincing Image: ***Why did the author included an image? Why did they choose this particular image? What is the focus of the image? What is included / excluded? What mood does it create? How does it position the audience to react? ***If there is an image, dedicate an entire paragraph to that image Meaning: ***Why is it important to the author? Why is it important to society? ***P1 tends to deal with societal issues -- if you can bring out the relationship between the issue inside a text, society and the author's opinions, that would be fantastic ***Are there any allusions to other texts? ***What is the deeper significance of the text? ***Bring this out with strong quotes - Tailor all your points to the guiding question - All the components of TEAPCALIM interrelate with each other (8:35) - TEAPCALIM isn't your answer in totality, but are devices to support it - It's a way to dissect the most useful components of a text :)
Khush Jain I think it did help me and my essay went well, however it was a lot to remember, and though it was nice to have something to go after, I ended up not using the structure completely and basing my essay more on the structure of the texts that I choose instead and what I found to be more relevant in them. I think this video is nice but I also felt a bit of extra stress going into the exam trying to remember everything in the video, on top of the things I needed to know for the exam in general. I would say it's nice to have teapcalim to fall back on, but from my experience I found it better to locate the things that are important in the texts and structure it around that, and not trying to hard with remembering everything in the video, but maybe just keeping the main points in the back of your mind :-)
My teacher taught us a slightly altered version of TEAPCALIM. Theme, Element, Audience, Purpose, Context, Analysis (Stylistic and Thematic), Language, Image, Meaning
Same my teacher is shit has only made us write one essay and it was test. Got told my writing was too poetic. But she had never given us prior practice before or taught us how to write like an ib student (which is rly different from a fresh igcse student who got a high A)
Yes. Credit goes to Mr. Peter Curry. This is standard practice International School Manila, and is often taught to teachers at workshops to train teachers for IB A Language and Literature. To those asking if you can use it lit Paper 1, it is not as useful because Lit Paper 1 does not use Mass Com text types and is more interested in literary analysis.
THANK YOU SOOOO MUCH MY EXAM IS TODAY AND IM FREAKING OUT!! But this honestly helped me and I'm planning to send it to my friends as well. Thank you again!
i need to stop procrastinating mock exams in one month, spent the past 2 and a half years of high school on youtube watching buzzfeed and DIY crafts .....RIP IBlikeCole is here to sace the day (now all I need is math tutorials from cole lol )
Hi ! Just wanted to say I watched this the morning before my paper 1 and I got a 7 !! I was getting 5's the whole year and ended up getting a 7 as my final grade :) thank u so much !!
Hey man, thanks for your video!! Saved my butt during the exams, but only one thing I have to mention. English Lang & Lit do not have guiding questions, only SL does. Despite this, I am still very thankful for you video.
Can I request these subjects in your next upcoming videos? You already addressed english and bio., what about some tips/etc videos/hacks for chemistry, french, and math studies sl, I think you should make videos on these man it would be helpful
Check out my planning video: ruclips.net/video/P-APMaHd7nE/видео.html and try to interwove the elements of TEAPCALIM in your main answers to the question.
Yo. Anybody know the difference between structure and layout? I remember that layout is something like the order of the paper but i dont know how this is any different from structure. Anyone care to explain?
Hey, Cole! Thank you for the video, it was very informative, however I'm still having trouble understanding the structure of Paper 1 as a whole... where would the stylistic devices come in? Can you please explain the WHOLE structure (intro, context, etc.) of the paper? Thank you so much!
+Dany Targaryen Hey, I'll do it soon! This is more of analyzing. A good idea of what you're asking is to check my elit video and see how I recommend people to start and end their essays. Also check out the PEEL structure for the body
I got a quick question. Exam is in 3 hours. My question is when you say image do you mean an actual picture or an image created by the text in your mind?
I mean an actual picture. However, you should talk about the image created by the text by readers. More precisely, how the writer uses certain literary features to position the reader to react a certain way. This usually comes under language, and more specifically, the elements of rhetoric (persuasion) it possesses. Example: If the writer talks about how micro-loans have helped many families, and it gives brief interviews of young kids talking about how their family is happier after receiving the money. This will evoke sympathy in the reader and associate the brand with the goodwill. Positioning the reader to react in a positive way toward the brand.
Thank you very much for this quick response. I wish this video was up when I took my exam the first time in May 2016. Never the less if I see you I will hug you. You are the most useful IB student (or used to be ) out there. Thanks a lot!
i am doing the myp 4 rn and i am actually so depressed and insecure about IB cause i still have language issues i am not a native english speaker so i can't talk and write that much my english level is pretty bad, any tips for it ?
Cole. I remember bookmarking your channel for later when I would need it for exams. Little did I know what the future held. M20 Candidates where you at?
I started off with a 13/20 in English Lang Lit Paper 1 - after using this technique, I have gotten full marks! Really worth learning this thoroughly to understand authorial intentions.
Fellow IB students who writes english P1 tomorrow! Does anyone know how to structure paper 1 if you are a HL student? You are supposed to compare and contrast but how do you structure your whole essay???
group together those which correlate into paragraphs e.g text type, audience and purpose could perhaps form the paragraph leading on from the introduction. Also every paragraph should always pivot on a reference to the text e.g. quotation. For me I write about both texts in one paragraph for example if I'm writing a paragraph on theme and tone then i will begin my paragraph introducing that this is what is going to be in the paragraph and then include the two texts chosen as I find it easier to compare and contrast to have them written side by side. I hope this helps, and good luck!!!
Matilda Pegler but for example if you write one paragraph on theme. Do you then both compare and contrast the themes in the two texts or do you focus on either the theme they both have in common or? 🤔
For me I compare and contrast in the same paragraph because I think it makes it easier for the examiner to read and it's easier to see where the similarities and differences lie and then differentiate between them! I think everyones different, but its also my preference because if i write them together then it is easier for me to contrast and compare
Hi! Thanks for this video. But what I don't get, what is your thesis? What is your main focus while writing? Because every time, you relate back to your thesis statement in your introduction right?
To all my brothers and sisters, may a passing grade be with us all for tomorrow.
Eh, asante sana!
+
AMENN
Today we go again guys. Come on!!
how did your exam go guys?
'English paper 1 tomorrow?'
Me: No english paper 1 in 1 hour
Try 30 mins
Waiting for somebody to top Igor
DON'T STUDY MAN
IT'S AM Then what do we do?
try during the exam
Friend: yo you ready for tmrw's paper 1?
me: T E A P C A L I M
Best
"Hope you guys survive". This man knows the struggle of IB papers X3
Good luck today 👍
hi jay, rachit from your school here. eng tomorrow. RIP
@@rachitsinghal538 Omg XD
I followed the advice in this video and I got a 7 with no stress! I took another paper 1 a month later and without studying, I just remembered this technique and got a 6. Bless your soul for this. Thank you so much.
Thank you so much Andrea! Glad to know it helped!
Hey, how did you structure your essay? Did you use the normal ACTS?
What do you mean by ACTS?
Hahaha good job Andreea :P
ACTS is the general structure of; Audience and purpose, Context and theme, Tone and mood, Stylistic and formal features
KEEP CALM
AND
TEAPCALIM
We should make a mug with that slogan.
Him: Doesn't take credit
IB: That's what I thought
literally watching this 2hrs before my mock exam.
it's really helpful, i understood everything! thank you!!
How did you do?
lol watching it the night before my mocks.
May 2018 here?
YAAAA
Same. Good luck to all of y'all.
Good luck to everyone!!
yup
yep :( have my eng paper in 3 days
Thanks a lot!!!! Becuz of you I got 19/20 on my P1 analysis!!!!
one day before the exam...Whos watching this on May 15 2019?
me
@@usernamemalfunctioning6768 where do you study?
@@ryanhou3750 Utrecht! it's near Amsterdam, in Holland
@@usernamemalfunctioning6768 kut nederlands examen nu tyfus lang wachten door kut cito enzo
@@henkspenk74 ik voel je
I know this is an old video but I'd like to extend my gratitude to you. IB results came out on July 6th and I got a 7 in HL Language & Literature! Thank you so much
how did you do it? besides this vids advice
@@akx1237 The best advice I can give you for English is just to get accustomed to reading and analyzing difficult texts eg reading a bunch of articles. Once you can read and interpret better, you can write better. You should also read over a lot of Sample Paper 1's and Paper 2's to get a gist of what IB is looking for.
Hey man I must say through my 2 years of IB your videos REALLY helped my in english LL and wanna thank you for that!!
Happy to help!
Less than 24 hours until paper 1...
Samee
Watching this 1,5 hours before hahah
How did it go?
TEAPCALIM
T - Text type
E - Elements of text type
A - Author
P - Purpose
C - Context
A - Audience
L - Language
I - Image
M - Meaning
Text Type:
***Which text type is it?
Elements of text type:
***How do we know it's that text type?
^ Why did the author choose this specific text type? And why is that essential for the author's purpose?
Audience:
***Who is this text written for? Why is this text written for them? How do we know it's written for them? (explicitly or implicitly)
Purpose:
***Why has the author written this text? And how do we know that it is because of that reason? (both obvious and underlying purpose)
Context:
***Time/Place/Situation (TPS)
***Look at the date, country and the possible situations related to those two pieces of information
***This can genuinely add more meaning to a piece than what is written
Author:
***Who is the author? Why is this important? Does the author add or retract credibility to the piece? Does the author have an agenda?
Language:
***Literary features / rhetorical techniques / persuasive techniques / tone / mood
***Relate these features and techniques to other areas of analysis, such as: purpose, context, and audience
***These are the ways the author uses in order to make his text more convincing
Image:
***Why did the author included an image? Why did they choose this particular image? What is the focus of the image? What is included / excluded? What mood does it create? How does it position the audience to react?
***If there is an image, dedicate an entire paragraph to that image
Meaning:
***Why is it important to the author? Why is it important to society?
***P1 tends to deal with societal issues -- if you can bring out the relationship between the issue inside a text, society and the author's opinions, that would be fantastic
***Are there any allusions to other texts?
***What is the deeper significance of the text?
***Bring this out with strong quotes
- Tailor all your points to the guiding question
- All the components of TEAPCALIM interrelate with each other (8:35)
- TEAPCALIM isn't your answer in totality, but are devices to support it
- It's a way to dissect the most useful components of a text :)
Thank you
when do you include TEAPCALIM though, like what do you put in your into body and conclusion
i LOVE U
I love u stranger, btw how did it go two years ago?
Thank you so much!! My exam is tomorrow and I really think this will help a lot!! lifesaver!!
+Bananna Jamma Haha that's nice to hear
same here thnx man!
same here! so helpful!
How was your paper? did this video help?
Khush Jain
I think it did help me and my essay went well, however it was a lot to remember, and though it was nice to have something to go after, I ended up not using the structure completely and basing my essay more on the structure of the texts that I choose instead and what I found to be more relevant in them. I think this video is nice but I also felt a bit of extra stress going into the exam trying to remember everything in the video, on top of the things I needed to know for the exam in general. I would say it's nice to have teapcalim to fall back on, but from my experience I found it better to locate the things that are important in the texts and structure it around that, and not trying to hard with remembering everything in the video, but maybe just keeping the main points in the back of your mind :-)
here we go again. best of luck everyone tomorrow!!
My teacher taught us a slightly altered version of TEAPCALIM. Theme, Element, Audience, Purpose, Context, Analysis (Stylistic and Thematic), Language, Image, Meaning
i used this and i was the only one in my year to get a 7 for my mocks :) thanks dude
I DON’T KNOW HOW TO THANK YOU ENOUGH THIS JUST SAVED MY LIFE THE WORLD NEEDS MORE PEOPLE LIKE YOU
Not all heroes wear capes
But most of them do.
Last minute revision?
just starting ;)
Same my teacher is shit has only made us write one essay and it was test. Got told my writing was too poetic. But she had never given us prior practice before or taught us how to write like an ib student (which is rly different from a fresh igcse student who got a high A)
Its not even my actual ib exam its my mocks and english has been spoiled for me already
@@nathatleue you still got this, throw your phone in the trashcan and turn of all social media notifications before the exams
You are brilliant. I got a 16/20 because of your strategy. Thank you!
Yes. Credit goes to Mr. Peter Curry. This is standard practice International School Manila, and is often taught to teachers at workshops to train teachers for IB A Language and Literature. To those asking if you can use it lit Paper 1, it is not as useful because Lit Paper 1 does not use Mass Com text types and is more interested in literary analysis.
Butcher Robert Thanks!
Well, good luck to all my fellow Y22 students, lets get this 7/7.
😂 was looking for another Y22 Student. German A and English A have the same P1 right? Except for the language ofc. But like the type of the question
@@jakob3778 yeah, same exact thing. I had my Italian A paper this morning, and the texts and questions are identical to the things we do in English A.
What did ya get?
@@michaeldengg Lets just say Im resitting my German exam
@@michaeldengg Solid 33, I'm quite happy about it. Specifically in english I got a 6, so I can def say this video was a lifesaver.
THANK YOU SOOOO MUCH MY EXAM IS TODAY AND IM FREAKING OUT!! But this honestly helped me and I'm planning to send it to my friends as well.
Thank you again!
+Yukta Srikanth Thanks for sharing! I hope you do well, let me know how it goes :D
Watching this literally 15 minutes before the exam😭
i need to stop procrastinating mock exams in one month, spent the past 2 and a half years of high school on youtube watching buzzfeed and DIY crafts .....RIP
IBlikeCole is here to sace the day (now all I need is math tutorials from cole lol )
Hi ! Just wanted to say I watched this the morning before my paper 1 and I got a 7 !! I was getting 5's the whole year and ended up getting a 7 as my final grade :)
thank u so much !!
THIS IS SO HELPFUL, ABOUT TO GIVE P1 TOMORROW!!! All the best everyone
How did you prepare for the final exams? My teacher got changed last year and now we have like 6 months to go for exams! I’m completely blank
Watching this one night before the Final Exam
20 min before the exam. Here we go
hi there, super helpful video! but what structure do you suggest we write the answer in? like how do i organise my answer into paragraphs?
MY PAPER 1 ENGLISH IS IN A FEW HOURS AND IM DOING SOME LAST MINUTE STUDYING SO THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THIS VIDEO I LOVE U SM
THANKS VIEDA
Mock exam tomorrow! Thank you very much for this useful tip!
Loving your username tbh
Paper 1 in 1 hour:
me: TEAPCALIM, vocab, research
Thank you very much. I used this technique last week in my IB exam and it worked really well!
Thank you and thank Mr.Peter Curry as well!
i love the sound of the electric saw in the background
yea, it makes me teapcalim
This Is The Best Thing, Best Advice. I passed IBDP Eng Lang Lit with good marks. TRUST & FOLLOW THIS VIDEO.
Thanks Aman!
Aman Khandelwal wait I am confused what is IB does mean is it a different board like aqa or edexcel ??
@@istarmohamed8579 Yes it's a different board✌🏾
English paper 1 tomorrow? English paper 1 in two hours. Thank you IB like Cole....let's hope this saves me
I have My paper 1 mocks tmr, lets hope this works!
my mocks are in an hour and this is the only studying ive done someone pray for me
What grade did you get?
Lee Rush i’m now in uni so safe to say it helped 👍
@@hanahk.a261 damnnn, i got the mock tomorrow im prayin
Aman Satapathy good luck!!!!
This is amazing... imma try this in my upcoming school tests
Hope it helps!
Thank you! My teacher kinda went MIA and we haven't seen her in months so thank you for your help :)
Thank you for this you saved my life with this today! wow thank you
Hey man, thanks for your video!! Saved my butt during the exams, but only one thing I have to mention. English Lang & Lit do not have guiding questions, only SL does. Despite this, I am still very thankful for you video.
Thanks A&D!
IB like Cole Thank you!!!
Hey, once I have used TEAPCALIM, how to use that in my essay?
good luck folks
you taking ib is crazy
THANK YOU SO MUCH MAN! Can you do history next? 🤠I'd really appreciate it
+Caprio Michael haha I would really love to! I didn't take history though, however, if I find somebody who got a 7 in it, I'll tell them to help me.
Can I request these subjects in your next upcoming videos? You already addressed english and bio., what about some tips/etc videos/hacks for chemistry, french, and math studies sl, I think you should make videos on these man it would be helpful
Caprio Michael I didn't take math studies, but I'm planning to make one for sl. Some of the tips will apply though.
Please make one for math sl!
+aamiya viswanathan Already done :)
Good luck to all May 2018 students!!!
So... who else is already certain they're gonna be there for retakes in Nov?
Not you
Can november students like me do retakes or nah
10,000 subscribers without any videos yeah you can, either in may or nov 19
Im retaking this exam tomorrow....
IB like Cole The results came in a few hours ago and I got a 6! Thank you so much! This video was really helpful!
IB polish A is tmrw pray for me. I will be using this technique in my native language haha
thanks i found this video in the right time before exam.
+Omar A20111 Let me know how it goes!
this is so incredibly helpful, thank you for sharing
How do you structure your paragraphs? Where would you fit in each of these aspects?
Check out my planning video: ruclips.net/video/P-APMaHd7nE/видео.html and try to interwove the elements of TEAPCALIM in your main answers to the question.
They removed comparative analysis, does this still work for a simple guided textual analysis of 1 text?
Used it for my mock exam and got a 7, so it works totally fine lol
@@projectdullamann2741 it was just one guided textual analysis correct?
And you used this method and it worked?
@@euloge280 Yep
Thanks, really helpful, definitely using this tomorrow
+Anesu T Chibanda Let me know how it goes!
Okay I used your tip and I still got a four. Help
dude, i think imma pass this exam because of you, legend
Yo. Anybody know the difference between structure and layout? I remember that layout is something like the order of the paper but i dont know how this is any different from structure. Anyone care to explain?
Paper 1 is tomorrow for me, wish me luck.
Simon Absi same here...
Me toooooo
Good luck mine is in like 4 hours
Just finished it
@@nikiarde me too and it was great!!
thank you so much this is such a great technique in writing
We got this!
Thank you so much for the help! You are a life saver!! :)
English paper today my dude. 🪳🦅
What is the difference between purpose and meaning?
Hey, Cole! Thank you for the video, it was very informative, however I'm still having trouble understanding the structure of Paper 1 as a whole... where would the stylistic devices come in? Can you please explain the WHOLE structure (intro, context, etc.) of the paper? Thank you so much!
+Dany Targaryen Hey, I'll do it soon! This is more of analyzing. A good idea of what you're asking is to check my elit video and see how I recommend people to start and end their essays. Also check out the PEEL structure for the body
the construction drill in the background is just amaze......... 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
Thanks for making the video. Glad it helped.
The day after tomorrow actually
may 2024?>>>>>
I got a quick question. Exam is in 3 hours. My question is when you say image do you mean an actual picture or an image created by the text in your mind?
Good luck
I mean an actual picture.
However, you should talk about the image created by the text by readers. More precisely, how the writer uses certain literary features to position the reader to react a certain way. This usually comes under language, and more specifically, the elements of rhetoric (persuasion) it possesses.
Example: If the writer talks about how micro-loans have helped many families, and it gives brief interviews of young kids talking about how their family is happier after receiving the money. This will evoke sympathy in the reader and associate the brand with the goodwill. Positioning the reader to react in a positive way toward the brand.
Thank you very much for this quick response. I wish this video was up when I took my exam the first time in May 2016.
Never the less if I see you I will hug you. You are the most useful IB student (or used to be ) out there. Thanks a lot!
Thanks. Good luck on yours too!
+Zachary Salem You redid the IB? I took my exams in May 16 as well!
but should we have to include them into every paragraph?
You just saved my life I love you
Thank you very much! Looks like a very good way to plan your commentary!
+Nick Matveev Peter Curry from ISM is to credit my friend
'English paper 1 tomorrow?'
Me: No english paper 1 in 12 min
im back for preboard
You sure helped improve my analysis
Glad it helped!
This actually also works for Spanish paper 1
so true thank goodness cause I gotta do both
muchas gracias hombre! lmao but honestly thank god I can study for both at the same time
i am doing the myp 4 rn and i am actually so depressed and insecure about IB cause i still have language issues i am not a native english speaker so i can't talk and write that much my english level is pretty bad, any tips for it ?
This was such a helpful video. Thank you soo much!!
Cole. I remember bookmarking your channel for later when I would need it for exams. Little did I know what the future held. M20 Candidates where you at?
I am scared to try this, my teacher said not to follow internet instructions. May I trust you? Silly question, but yeah
Hard to say. I don't trust myself most of the time.
my teacher recommended this to all of us so I'd say it's safe :)
Ayeeee I have my mocks tomorrow
Thank you! This is a life-saver.
Great!
I started off with a 13/20 in English Lang Lit Paper 1 - after using this technique, I have gotten full marks! Really worth learning this thoroughly to understand authorial intentions.
This is literally the translated version of the criteria for Chinese A paper 1. But its rlly helpful, this
hey! if we refer back to the Big 5, where does content go to? does it go with meaning?
Final is tomorrow. Was scoring strong 6s until my grade started to drop to early 5s. This would really help out. Pray for me
@Dylan Jiunn Wei CHAN lets do thisss
Bruh EXACTLY the same here. 🙏🙏🙏
2 hours til my exam, let’s go (HL doesn’t have guiding questions but this will still help)
M22 exam in 2 hours we got this
must we answer the 2 guiding questions? or one of them? or neither?
I LOVE YOU MAN. My test is tomorrow and this is the best revision. BTW, Can you post a PDF of it?
+Zachary Salem that is actually a great idea, I'll do it one of these days
i love how u made this joke 4:15 , thanks btw
Fellow IB students who writes english P1 tomorrow! Does anyone know how to structure paper 1 if you are a HL student? You are supposed to compare and contrast but how do you structure your whole essay???
group together those which correlate into paragraphs e.g text type, audience and purpose could perhaps form the paragraph leading on from the introduction. Also every paragraph should always pivot on a reference to the text e.g. quotation.
For me I write about both texts in one paragraph for example if I'm writing a paragraph on theme and tone then i will begin my paragraph introducing that this is what is going to be in the paragraph and then include the two texts chosen as I find it easier to compare and contrast to have them written side by side.
I hope this helps, and good luck!!!
Matilda Pegler Thank you so so much!! This was very helpful! Good luck to you as well!
Matilda Pegler but for example if you write one paragraph on theme. Do you then both compare and contrast the themes in the two texts or do you focus on either the theme they both have in common or? 🤔
Thanks!!
For me I compare and contrast in the same paragraph because I think it makes it easier for the examiner to read and it's easier to see where the similarities and differences lie and then differentiate between them! I think everyones different, but its also my preference because if i write them together then it is easier for me to contrast and compare
can you also apply this to paper 1 HL? 2 guided commentaries on 2 texts?
Exam tomorrow... Thank you so much for this video! So so helpful!
Thanks!
May 2019 lets pray for each other
May the force be with us.
Hi! Thanks for this video. But what I don't get, what is your thesis? What is your main focus while writing? Because every time, you relate back to your thesis statement in your introduction right?
And guiding questions? Don't really get that part.
+Britt Ooijevaar you have two guiding questions that you may respond to in your question Paper, that should be used to formulate your thesis.
So you get your guiding questions at your exam tomorrow? And by means of those questions, you need to formulate your own thesis?
+Britt Ooijevaar Yes
YOU ARE A LEGEND
So what is this actually used for? Is it to structure my analysis or just a general checklist of points i should make?
is there a sample essay we can see that uses this?