TGF Beta Signalling Pathway

The transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in both the adult organism and the developing embryo including cell growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis, cellular homeostasis and other cellular functions. In spite of the wide range of cellular processes that the TGFβ signalling pathway regulates, the process is relatively simple. TGFβ superfamily ligands bind to a type II receptor, which recruits and phosphorylates a type I receptor. The type I receptor then phosphorylates receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs) which can now bind the coSMAD SMAD4. R-SMAD/coSMAD complexes accumulate in the nucleus where they act as transcription factors and participate in the regulation of target gene expression.
The TGF beta superfamily of ligands include: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Growth and differentiation factors (GDFs), Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), Activin, Nodal and TGFβ's.[1] Signaling begins with the binding of a TGF beta superfamily ligand to a TGF beta type II receptor. The type II receptor is a serine/threonine receptor kinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of the Type I receptor. Each class of ligand binds to a specific type II receptor.In mammals there are seven known type I receptors and five type II receptors.
There are three activins: Activin A, Activin B and Activin AB. Activins are involved in embryogenesis and osteogenesis. They also regulate many hormones including pituitary, gonadal and hypothalamic hormones as well as insulin. They are also nerve cell survival factors.
The BMPs bind to the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 (BMPR2). They are involved in a multitude of cellular functions including osteogenesis, cell differentiation, anterior/posterior axis specification, growth, and homeostasis.
The TGF beta family include: TGFβ1, TGFβ2, TGFβ3. Like the BMPs, TGF betas are involved in embryogenesis and cell differentiation, but they are also involved in apoptosis, as well as other functions. They bind to TGF-beta receptor type-2 (TGFBR2).
There are five receptor regulated SMADs: SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD5, and SMAD9 (sometimes referred to as SMAD8). There are essentially two intracellular pathways involving these R-SMADs. TGF beta's, Activins, Nodals and some GDFs are mediated by SMAD2 and SMAD3, while BMPs, AMH and a few GDFs are mediated by SMAD1, SMAD5 and SMAD9. The binding of the R-SMAD to the type I receptor is mediated by a zinc double finger FYVE domain containing protein. Two such proteins that mediate the TGF beta pathway include SARA (The SMAD anchor for receptor activation) and HGS (Hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate).

[@anjalidevadas6934]

I reads books,watch youtube channels.but everyone explained this topic very complicated way.But this channel explained it in simple easy way🥰Thank you sir❤️

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation....

[@saigouripattanaik]

Thank u so much for explaining beautifully 🙏

[@mishaldar4563]

What will happen if MH2 instead of MH1 of Smad 4 contains nuclear localization segment?can you please explain

[@apurbamukherjee794]

It's really helpfull sir, thank you very much

[@stellarlas]

Does receptor II only associate with TGF beta or both RI and RII directly?

[@purnimasaren7541]

Awesome explanation sir

[@the-sajadchowdhry3158]

Good explanation, ❤️

[@mailkbrothers9813]

Well described.👌

[@edisontenecela2109]

Thank you for this video, very clearly explained.

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad it helps ✌️

[@Misha.a11]

Thank you for taking the time to create this video. Jazakallah.

[@hussainbiology]

thanks Washma for appreciation...Glad it helps

[@vishk123]

It is smad to think that I have just discovered you. Great video!

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad it helps ✌️

[@maarenst]

I can't find the video on SMAD..
Many of your other videos are very helpful, thank you so much for focusing on the important parts

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad it helps ✌️

[@lilianavertel9789]

Thanks!

[@ashb6136]

Dear hussein.how can i be in touch with you??i mean via email or any other ways please.

[@afeefawani2295]

Will be eagerly waiting for next video. Hope that will be on time and with full energy.

[@hussainbiology]

InshaAllah...Will be on time....✌️✌️😊

[@zeenatislam2265]

Is smad protocogene or TSG

[@zhenzhang3980]

Thanks a lot !!!!!

[@hussainbiology]

Most welcome

[@purnimasaren7541]

Can't wait 😍

[@fizaali850]

Jazak ALLAH u khair hussain😇

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks Fiza for appreciation..Glad it helps

[@nishatfatima2091]

Sukriya sir....

[@hussainbiology]

You are welcome

[@christinakakoulli1783]

thank you so much!

[@hussainbiology]

most welcome

[@moumitamondal2476]

Best teacher ever..

[@hussainbiology]

thanks

[@sreekuttys5921]

Thank u

[@hussainbiology]

My pleasure

[@caterine4604]

THANK YOU HUSSAINNNN

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad it helps..

[@hussainbiology]

How u have been ??

[@caterine4604]

@@hussainbiology I am good !!! I hope you are good too! Thanks for the great content and goodluck on your future endeavors !

[@8486263958]

Your videos are so good, I wish your pronounciation would have been better

[@evamadaan4933]

👏👏👏🙌🙌🙌🙌

[@hussainbiology]

thanks

[@user-ov4ck4nn4f]

Korean Sub Plz. Thank you.

[@katherina_shevchenko]

I`m russian and I`m trying to understand english with accent. Sooooooo hard

[@hussainbiology]

Yeah it is hard... bcz i am also not native speaker

[@mahsamaroufkhani6009]

Wish your accent was just as good as your information..

[@hussainbiology]

Wow, thanks

[@shubhangeesoni8578]

It still lacks some points

[@hussainbiology]

Surely.... Every pathway has immense number of proteins which can't be put into just one video , and also there are cross talks which webs the pathways....

[@milenasarkowicz3080]

With more details it would be unclear for somebody that just wants to get a general understanding of the pathway. Most people who watch videos like this (including me) seek a simplified explanation that many lecturers and uni textbooks don't provide.

[@Konsantinos]

Τι βίντεο η

[@tomshaji]

The one that can help hair growth 🥲

[@hussainbiology]

✌️