This is awesome. I must showvthis to my 11y/o. This very last summer I was showing him how ancestors were making simple tools by this technique to kill his boredom, but couldn't figure out how to make nice edge, not knowing about using softer tool to control chipping. Thank you 👍☺
Good for you - your comment is 8 years old as of mine here, so your 11 year old is now 19. Hope you're both doing well - you sound like a cool parent. It's amazing to think of our very distant ancestors that _all of us_ very nearly 8 billion people now descended from, beginning to create this very basic technology, that eventually blossomed into the laptops and smartphones we're using to communicate on this site, right now, to the point we're on the cusp of landing humans on another planet, ~60 million miles away at its nearest point. Even long, long, _long_ before them, three billion or so years ago, what's called the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) lived - and from that very simple, single-celled organism, literally all life on Earth descended from, was nearly wiped out several times by asteroid impacts, shifts in climate, super volcano eruptions, etc., only to survive, evolve, and eventually lead to all of human civilization, billions of years later.
We make the tools...and the tools make us...humanity. We are approaching tool cube, making tools than make tools of their own and beyond. Great video , excellence demonstration and clear explanations.
You need to find stones which will produce a concoidal fracture when struck. con·choi·dal /käNGˈkoidl/ adjective MINERALOGY denoting a type of fracture in a solid (such as flint or quartz) that results in a smooth rounded surface resembling the shape of a scallop shell.
Search in spring , I just learned , rocks spall , from frost heave , large thin flakes , each year ,good ones can be found , look for the glass like break in the stream bed samples , then look for that sound , Goode stone rings .
Sandstone just requires a different technique. Rather than knapped, sandstone grinds very well. If you make a basic corded pump flywheel spindle drill, and affix a round flat gritty piece of sandstone to the base of it, then a secondary crossbar+peg to rest upon your knees below your pump bar, you have a rotary grinder that will let you put an edge on a piece of sandstone fast with lower exertion, you just position and angle your sandstone being sharpened with your feet, angled against the outer edge of your spinning grindstone from your pump drill. It's not as great for the kind of surgical edge a good conchoidal fracture gives, but the ease of resharpening makes it excellent for heavier and more durable axe and hatchet blades. And after enough use your round grindstone itself can then double as an excellent circular saw.
The objective is to thin it as rapidly as possibly and this guy isn’t setting up his platforms properly or holding the piece with enough support to drive flakes across the median of the piece.
l have quite a few uniface tools including points, knives, scrapers and butchering tools. Question is, is there a time frame in history when uniface tools were "phased out" and biface gained preference? It has crossed my mind, having found uniface and biface at the same sites, that maybe the uniface was used by a more secluded group of people until they came into contact with other, more advanced, technologies. I just have not found much info on this. Great vid and thank you.
This is fascinating, but I wish you'd show how the tools actually work -- I understand from my reading that these knives are so sharp they can cut through meat and bone as though it were butter (even though I also know they tend not to hold the sharp edge for very long?)
No maybes by diving or digging deeper we will come to the science telling and actually revealing to us that we humans come from the dark ages.., we strong ones all crept and crawled, struggled oh and some fought there way out of some hell like type of place, did you'll ever wondered why space is so much and actually overpowers light look beyond the blue skies that we can see from down here on earth...it's all black and darkness out there...''the dark ages''
@@hunter7527 nah, it's all overgrown with thick & dense Amazon forest, and people would see and think of me as some other maniac suffering a new form of gold-rush or so, But it depends on if I get the permit, because In my mind it still rattles that the beginning of our humans in the being form that we now have comes from here ''south-america'' by only joining the continent's to each other in the imagination we from Suriname back in the days could have hopped on a camel or an ox back an travelled to Jerusalem It wouldn't even be that absurd long of a journey if, only if the continent's were still joint to each other
It’s really fascinating. Depending on your area the variety of stones that can be used for flintknapping is extremely staggering. In my area it is quartzite and quartz that was used the majority of the time. However in some areas of the United States you can find exceptional cherts and flints in your back yard creek. However these materials are rare that’s why our ancestors were nomadic hunter gatherers they had to travel long distances to get the sources of tool stone and move to find game and forage. I appreciate what they did, carrying a 80 lbs bag on your back full of spalls and cores hiking up and down a mountain to get these stones to where you want to go is difficult and exhausting.
learned about this in my Anthropology 101 class a few years ago. Im so bored in the middle of the coronavirus quarantine, i might go in the backyard and try make some
Stone and Man Mankind was in Stone Age for 3 million years Stone gave him his first tools his first weapons his first building materials his first invention Fire No wonder stone respect stone reverence stone worship is a constant feature of almost all civiluzations Names like Peter fyodir pete Petrolina in Europeans culture mean stone In another ancient civilization India , kallappa kallesh and other common names relate to stone If newer faiths criticise stone worshippers it is their belief system but ancient civilisations have always worshipped stone just as even today religions such as Hinduism revere stone Another point stone is there at the heart of all electronic instruments from mobile phones to computers stone is there in silicon chips an integral part of any modern instrument Man is still in Stone Age ie silicon age
Ha donk! (Good flake) I Love your book - Making Silent Stones Speak. I highly recommend it to all my students. I spoke to Kathy Shick & ordered 12 copies of it. Thank you for sharing all your knowledge with us!
At a Lithic Seminar at the University of Kentucky In 1991 or 92, I saw N Toth present a film of a group of New Guinea tribesmen knapping long adzes from basalt - does anyone know if this wonderful film is available on-line?
If you make them you can tell , if you strike it with copper it will cold weild some into the surface of the stone. Also art was a ritual ,very often , everyone did it the same way , one style per tribe , you could try. Fake , I wouldn't ...
They'd put it next to their old specimen found in your area and then confirm if it is knapped the same/similair, then some other mumbo jumbo tech-magic they will be able to dicern how old the knapping surfaces are.
Rocks are awesome. Some rocks can be turned into super strong alloys by processing the ores in them. I used to spend a lot of times studying rocks where I was a teenager. People from the village thought I was crazy.
I love evolution!' This is an astonishing fact that the time course between a very early stone tool until attaching a piece of wood to it, to make something like modern hummer took as 2 million - 200.000 = about 1 million 800.000 years until our ancestries figure that out? 1 million 800.000 years! Just imagine this length of time....
@steveXracer You clearly do not know what the definition of a scientific theory is. A scientific theory is as close to 100% scientific fact as one can get in science. I"m not going to argue the theory of evolution with a creationist, because that's a battle that can't be won. A creationist is a creationist, and no amount of scientific theory is going to change their mind because their beliefs are their beliefs, and they are as entitled to them as I am to entitled to my own. However, you are mistaking a scientific hypothesis for scientific theory.. It is a common misunderstanding. To say that evolution is the belief that everything came from nothing, just shows a very shallow understanding of the theory.
steveXracer Steve is a troll. He doesn’t really believe in anything because he doesn’t really give much thought to anything, beyond tormenting people and tricking them into having arguments with him.
I legit have to watch this for my homework, because my classed missed a lot of the answers. We learning bout Lucy's fossil and Otzi I think it's interesting but.. idk Edit: Plez, I am not from any other teachers class except Ms. Coreas .-.
Humans today could enter the wilderness naked and die from exposure and/or starvation within a few days. A thousand years ago, doing the same thing, they would be warm, comfortable, and have a full stomach within a few hours.
You plop a sufficiently large group of humans down in a new environment and you’ll soon have a smaller group that has gained the ability to survive in that environment. It’s not down to individual smarts. It’s learning from mistakes, yours and others. The fewer people you start with, the fewer mistakes you can make and have the group survive. So the person or people living comfortable a thousand years ago had previous generations to thank for figuring out what to eat and what not to eat. I think of that Into The Wild Guy who died from eating wild potato seeds (poisonous) and then starving because he was so sick from the seeds. Some criticize him for going out into the wilderness without sufficient knowledge and experience, but I think his mistake was going alone, as a group of one. If he had made a couple thousand clones, he could have learned what was safe to eat and what was not by trial and error testing.
I was watching a video of the hadzabe hunter-gatherers, and there it was pointed out that before they got access to metals, they used to knap a blade on a piece of flint, with which they carved pointy barbed heads for their arrows out of the wood shaft itself. Now I wonder if they might have used other simple tools to do things like chopping wood. Sadly there doesn't seem to be much info since 1- probably not every hadza guy knows what did theyr grandfathers used back when there weren't any steel knives around and 2- probably not that many people are interested in knowing that... So is time for deductions and suppositions. I wonder now, can you use a piece of wood as your soft hammer? Although in Africa hadzas might have access to elephant tusks, I'm not sure how "readily" accessible it was for them.
The lighter outer covering is called cortex, which consists of layers of material caused by natural weathering; These layers can be of various thickness, which Knappers will remove to reveal the underlying knappable material.
Absolutely! Scalpels made from obsidian flakes are made to this day. They are the sharpest cutting material known to mankind, and are 100s of times sharper than the best metal scalpels. They are quite expensive and are used primarily by plastique/cosmetic surgeons as the incisions are very thin and heal much faster with less infection and scarring.
It’s a lot about the patina also and the deposit that these where sat in for 100s of thousands years. A newly made one will be fresh with potential air bubbles or lil marks from when just made. If u try and make one u will see what I’m on about
![Felix "Unfair" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Oswujxm2Ag0/mqdefault.jpg)
When your teacher didn’t sent you here, but it was my curiosity on what to do if I stuck on an island.
My life is so sucky rn that I would love to get stuck on a bloody island
Society is gonna go to ahit soon so it is wise to educate yourself on how to survive on your own.
Bold of you to assume you will have suitable rocks on that island.
This is awesome. I must showvthis to my 11y/o. This very last summer I was showing him how ancestors were making simple tools by this technique to kill his boredom, but couldn't figure out how to make nice edge, not knowing about using softer tool to control chipping. Thank you 👍☺
Lol
Good for you - your comment is 8 years old as of mine here, so your 11 year old is now 19. Hope you're both doing well - you sound like a cool parent. It's amazing to think of our very distant ancestors that _all of us_ very nearly 8 billion people now descended from, beginning to create this very basic technology, that eventually blossomed into the laptops and smartphones we're using to communicate on this site, right now, to the point we're on the cusp of landing humans on another planet, ~60 million miles away at its nearest point.
Even long, long, _long_ before them, three billion or so years ago, what's called the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) lived - and from that very simple, single-celled organism, literally all life on Earth descended from, was nearly wiped out several times by asteroid impacts, shifts in climate, super volcano eruptions, etc., only to survive, evolve, and eventually lead to all of human civilization, billions of years later.
My people call it corn.
We make the tools...and the tools make us...humanity. We are approaching tool cube, making tools than make tools of their own and beyond. Great video , excellence demonstration and clear explanations.
Thanks for this. There’s not too many RUclipsrs out there that make stone tools
I sent myself here, I wanna be a archeologist, paleontologist, well you get it I wanna learn as much history as I can
When I tried to look for rocks to do this to all I learned is that the amount of sandstone in one creek bed can be staggering.
You need to find stones which will produce a concoidal fracture when struck.
con·choi·dal
/käNGˈkoidl/
adjective
MINERALOGY
denoting a type of fracture in a solid (such as flint or quartz) that results in a smooth rounded surface resembling the shape of a scallop shell.
Search in spring , I just learned , rocks spall , from frost heave , large thin flakes , each year ,good ones can be found , look for the glass like break in the stream bed samples , then look for that sound , Goode stone rings .
Sandstone just requires a different technique. Rather than knapped, sandstone grinds very well. If you make a basic corded pump flywheel spindle drill, and affix a round flat gritty piece of sandstone to the base of it, then a secondary crossbar+peg to rest upon your knees below your pump bar, you have a rotary grinder that will let you put an edge on a piece of sandstone fast with lower exertion, you just position and angle your sandstone being sharpened with your feet, angled against the outer edge of your spinning grindstone from your pump drill. It's not as great for the kind of surgical edge a good conchoidal fracture gives, but the ease of resharpening makes it excellent for heavier and more durable axe and hatchet blades. And after enough use your round grindstone itself can then double as an excellent circular saw.
@j Tom Waits for no man.
Use the sand stone to file down your blades
Very informative. I'm amazed at how quick the manufacturing process is; always pictured it being much more labor intensive.
It’s really not that intensive. I can knock a nodule to a quarry biface or “flake core” in a matter of 10 minutes.
The objective is to thin it as rapidly as possibly and this guy isn’t setting up his platforms properly or holding the piece with enough support to drive flakes across the median of the piece.
l have quite a few uniface tools including points, knives, scrapers and butchering tools. Question is, is there a time frame in history when uniface tools were "phased out" and biface gained preference? It has crossed my mind, having found uniface and biface at the same sites, that maybe the uniface was used by a more secluded group of people until they came into contact with other, more advanced, technologies. I just have not found much info on this. Great vid and thank you.
The first-ever video that our professor had asked us to watch for our undergraduate module on Palaeolithic cultures:)
This is fascinating, but I wish you'd show how the tools actually work -- I understand from my reading that these knives are so sharp they can cut through meat and bone as though it were butter (even though I also know they tend not to hold the sharp edge for very long?)
Thanks for sharing. I've read that tool-making, speech/language and social cooperation and rules co-evolved together.
POV- Your SS teacher sended you here
yep
mhm
Omg same lol 😂
Yepp
POV: You came here yourself because you ain't no bitch nigga
This is the most interesting thing that I've learned all week!
Nice demonstration. Many thanks.
Because in my mind this is where we all came from, from the earth itself...just like how the story tells it
No maybes by diving or digging deeper we will come to the science telling and actually revealing to us that we humans come from the dark ages.., we strong ones all crept and crawled, struggled oh and some fought there way out of some hell like type of place, did you'll ever wondered why space is so much and actually overpowers light look beyond the blue skies that we can see from down here on earth...it's all black and darkness out there...''the dark ages''
Earlier than that we all come from star stuff
U should try digging up these artifacts
@@hunter7527 nah, it's all overgrown with thick & dense Amazon forest, and people would see and think of me as some other maniac suffering a new form of gold-rush or so,
But it depends on if I get the permit, because In my mind it still rattles that the beginning of our humans in the being form that we now have comes from here ''south-america'' by only joining the continent's to each other in the imagination we from Suriname back in the days could have hopped on a camel or an ox back an travelled to Jerusalem
It wouldn't even be that absurd long of a journey if, only if the continent's were still joint to each other
@@jchrg2336 oh I’m in Texas and I like digging artifacst
It’s really fascinating. Depending on your area the variety of stones that can be used for flintknapping is extremely staggering. In my area it is quartzite and quartz that was used the majority of the time. However in some areas of the United States you can find exceptional cherts and flints in your back yard creek. However these materials are rare that’s why our ancestors were nomadic hunter gatherers they had to travel long distances to get the sources of tool stone and move to find game and forage. I appreciate what they did, carrying a 80 lbs bag on your back full of spalls and cores hiking up and down a mountain to get these stones to where you want to go is difficult and exhausting.
Such a rockstar
Lmao
This professor is a gem. 👍🏻👍🏻😀
I am Japanese but World-wide culture to be preserved
From Mr P's Social Studies class. If you are from here also...hey peoples
You explained that very well. Thank you.
learned about this in my Anthropology 101 class a few years ago. Im so bored in the middle of the coronavirus quarantine, i might go in the backyard and try make some
Why am I watching this on my spare time? Why is this so interesting?
It might come in handy someday.
becse i am told you too
I don't really know i have to be here from school lol
Uhhh 5:04 isnt that supposed to be the one thats like 500,000 years old.. but hes flint mapping it? soo really its kind of not an artifact anymore...
Stone and Man
Mankind was in Stone Age for 3 million years Stone gave him his first tools his first weapons his first building materials his first invention Fire
No wonder stone respect stone reverence stone worship is a constant feature of almost all civiluzations Names like Peter fyodir pete Petrolina in Europeans culture mean stone In another ancient civilization India , kallappa kallesh and other common names relate to stone
If newer faiths criticise stone worshippers it is their belief system but ancient civilisations have always worshipped stone just as even today religions such as Hinduism revere stone
Another point stone is there at the heart of all electronic instruments from mobile phones to computers stone is there in silicon chips an integral part of any modern instrument Man is still in Stone Age ie silicon age
How you made this
Thank you for the knowledge!
This is what nostalgia should be
Its good to wear eye protection or glasses when you do this
Ha donk! (Good flake) I Love your book - Making Silent Stones Speak. I highly recommend it to all my students. I spoke to Kathy Shick & ordered 12 copies of it. Thank you for sharing all your knowledge with us!
Iam very thank ful of my teacher to ask us to watch this video...❤
I always asked this: "How did we get here?"
Great video. Thanks for the teachings. This is something we need to learn. I liked the video and subscribed to the channel.
At a Lithic Seminar at the University of Kentucky In 1991 or 92, I saw N Toth present a film of a group of New Guinea tribesmen knapping long adzes from basalt - does anyone know if this wonderful film is available on-line?
Don’t mind me, I’m just here because we watched this in social studies yesterday.
If you are here from Mr. Broussard’s Social Studies..hi..
I am waussup
I’m from Ms. Garanes’s social studies, but hi
Wot school you talkin about,.l?
ChocoLiLi oh it’s a completely different school, 122
I’m here cuz another vid did this but he bled and I hate blood.
My man minecraft tutorials are being more realistic day by day
can you plz tell me the name of the stone which you were using first as a knife?
Thanks for sharing the information, i actually got this in my social studies text book but i never knew its so informative !
Thx for the info. Now I can complete my homework
4:16 would have been learned resharpening the tool. The knives we think of would have been ceremonial knives or points.
Sir, you make that look easy. :) :)
Great information thanks so much for sharing.
So you do this with ANY rocks or just rocks by watery places
Very helpful!
So use old dinosaur bones for stone tools?
what prevents someone from making one and claiming it is very old?
Carbon dating the blood from your fingers.
I'm sure weathering has occurred at least to some point
If you make them you can tell , if you strike it with copper it will cold weild some into the surface of the stone. Also art was a ritual ,very often , everyone did it the same way , one style per tribe , you could try. Fake , I wouldn't ...
Carbon dating is a way and weathering can be done artificially
They'd put it next to their old specimen found in your area and then confirm if it is knapped the same/similair, then some other mumbo jumbo tech-magic they will be able to dicern how old the knapping surfaces are.
So you're telling me we come from thousands of generations of McIver?? Awesome!!!
Yea inteligent humanoid entities have existed for a long time
I'm watching this because I've got rocks in my head.
Rocks are awesome. Some rocks can be turned into super strong alloys by processing the ores in them. I used to spend a lot of times studying rocks where I was a teenager. People from the village thought I was crazy.
I love evolution!' This is an astonishing fact that the time course between a very early stone tool until attaching a piece of wood to it, to make something like modern hummer took as 2 million - 200.000 = about 1 million 800.000 years until our ancestries figure that out? 1 million 800.000 years! Just imagine this length of time....
@steveXracer You clearly do not know what the definition of a scientific theory is. A scientific theory is as close to 100% scientific fact as one can get in science. I"m not going to argue the theory of evolution with a creationist, because that's a battle that can't be won. A creationist is a creationist, and no amount of scientific theory is going to change their mind because their beliefs are their beliefs, and they are as entitled to them as I am to entitled to my own. However, you are mistaking a scientific hypothesis for scientific theory.. It is a common misunderstanding. To say that evolution is the belief that everything came from nothing, just shows a very shallow understanding of the theory.
@steveXracer the big bang
steveXracer Steve is a troll. He doesn’t really believe in anything because he doesn’t really give much thought to anything, beyond tormenting people and tricking them into having arguments with him.
You’ve done that before haven’t you, make it look so easy👍
My teacher made us watch this in class today-
Same
sameeeeeeeeeeeee
Same here
What rock is he using thats black on the inside?
Most likely flint.
I want to flintknap but my area dont have flint/cherk
Try other types of stone be suprised
So that's how they make a stone axe in ''DR.STONE STONE WORLD''
It's an anime series...
Lol imagine not hearing dr stone 5billion times a day
That’s 10billion percent right
imagine not knowing what dr stone is
@@mythicmars One of my fav anime’s
could u find flint rocks in any river
flint is found in chalk
Chert is found in limestone or sandstone
Flint and chert are almost identical.
I don't now
Ashley
No
the sound of stone breaking
Very interesting.
Dr stone made me come here
Ben Foong same
im going to become caveman, very helpful
Some of my ancestors were still doing this a few hundred years ago.
archealogists find the sharp edges he cut out and say that these are the tools the people of the 21st century used to live 😂😂
here for lesson purposes, but also useful for returning to monke in a probable industrial society complex collapse
I legit have to watch this for my homework, because my classed missed a lot of the answers.
We learning bout Lucy's fossil and Otzi
I think it's interesting but.. idk
Edit: Plez, I am not from any other teachers class except Ms. Coreas .-.
hmmmm
you in Ms. Miles' class?
OHH MAH GAWD, ADA!
ITS MEH EMILY
And no, I'm in Ms. Coreas Class, 6th grade
Bish plz
The idea is that you want to abrade your edges to better send flakes across the surface and get out of the cortical stage of reduction.
does anyone know anywhere in NJ to find flint
sexyDerp yea nere a large river
Nicely explained. Thank you
I came here from my teacher Ms. Abit. Ms Abit if ur here this is Ivan from I.S.59!
I think she isnt here
I don't live near a river to find Flint rocks so is there another way to FIND Flint or could I just soak a rock
Thx
ChillWind Legacy i
Very interesting!
Humans today could enter the wilderness naked and die from exposure and/or starvation within a few days. A thousand years ago, doing the same thing, they would be warm, comfortable, and have a full stomach within a few hours.
You plop a sufficiently large group of humans down in a new environment and you’ll soon have a smaller group that has gained the ability to survive in that environment. It’s not down to individual smarts. It’s learning from mistakes, yours and others. The fewer people you start with, the fewer mistakes you can make and have the group survive. So the person or people living comfortable a thousand years ago had previous generations to thank for figuring out what to eat and what not to eat.
I think of that Into The Wild Guy who died from eating wild potato seeds (poisonous) and then starving because he was so sick from the seeds. Some criticize him for going out into the wilderness without sufficient knowledge and experience, but I think his mistake was going alone, as a group of one. If he had made a couple thousand clones, he could have learned what was safe to eat and what was not by trial and error testing.
The best.
Now I can return to monke
I was watching a video of the hadzabe hunter-gatherers, and there it was pointed out that before they got access to metals, they used to knap a blade on a piece of flint, with which they carved pointy barbed heads for their arrows out of the wood shaft itself. Now I wonder if they might have used other simple tools to do things like chopping wood. Sadly there doesn't seem to be much info since 1- probably not every hadza guy knows what did theyr grandfathers used back when there weren't any steel knives around and 2- probably not that many people are interested in knowing that... So is time for deductions and suppositions.
I wonder now, can you use a piece of wood as your soft hammer? Although in Africa hadzas might have access to elephant tusks, I'm not sure how "readily" accessible it was for them.
Very good
really informative
Thank you so much for the information
Who's here because of projects and activity ?
Me
Hello sir, may i use your link to make my video.
why is it darker on the inside? was it a darker rock contained within a lighter rock matrix?
The lighter outer covering is called cortex, which consists of layers of material caused by natural weathering; These layers can be of various thickness, which Knappers will remove to reveal the underlying knappable material.
woww amazing *claps*
Sooooooo we can preform surgery with it?
Absolutely! Scalpels made from obsidian flakes are made to this day. They are the sharpest cutting material known to mankind, and are 100s of times sharper than the best metal scalpels. They are quite expensive and are used primarily by plastique/cosmetic surgeons as the incisions are very thin and heal much faster with less infection and scarring.
Nice stone work sir! We didn't evolve from anything though. we were created recently and will meet our Creator VERY soon. His name is Jesus Christ.
very nice video :)
you can't fool me, i am an expert, you melted the stone and cast sharp tools
Good explanation youre a good professor
I am hvm Convent Senior Secondary School student and you are which student and I am in Ludhiana
Looks like someone showed me how to make tools out of stones.
Me when there is no wifi for 2 years:
(Its for real)
museum guy daaaaaaaaamm
from ms garanes
You should have more subs
Very interesting maybe i will try to make my own blade with these stones.
1 minute in and my jaw in on the floor
Joshua Nice
Very interesting show, thank you sir....
It’s a lot about the patina also and the deposit that these where sat in for 100s of thousands years. A newly made one will be fresh with potential air bubbles or lil marks from when just made. If u try and make one u will see what I’m on about
That sounds just like glass sounds in minecraft lol
I live in Vietnam , the way I can lamg buffeted by such stones
Came here from mrs.Racheals
4:31 pinkie gone in 3..2...1...
“Hold my . . . uh, wait. When were fermented beverages invented?”
Sir please provide a video in hindi medium also
This is from 2014 you potato