Blood supply of the Glomerulus: 1:28 Fenestrated capillaries: 2:03 Basement membrane structure: 05:40 Negatively charged basement membrane as a filter: 9:55 Conclusion of Glomerulus structure: 12:18 Podocytes: 13:40 Nephrin: 14:43 Filtration Slit (the slit diaphragm): 15:15 Parietal of the Bowman's capsule: 16:45 Conclusion of molecules that can be filtrated into the Bowman's space: 17:40 Mesangial cells: 21:55 J.G Cells (Jextra Glomerulus cell): 23:05 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Glomerulus filtration rate: 25:26 Factors affecting the filtration rate: Net filtration rate (In: Colloid osmotic pressure / Capsular hydrostatic pressure, Out: Glomerulus hydrostatic pressure / Capsular osmotic pressure = 0 in healthy animals, no plasma protein should pass): 27:05 KF (Filtration coefficient - Surface area and permeability of the glomerulus capillaries): 34:45 What could affect GHP/COP/CHP: 39:20
This is awsome....your are like my chemistry teacher he taught me things even we couldnt imaging but after knowing those i felt i was came from another planet .....
Impressive. Really love the fact that you take time to explain the histology of the basement membrane because that makes so much sense why the glomerulus is such a selective compontent when it comes to filtration. Thanx again.
you're thanking us for sticking around and watching you?? we're THANKING YOU for sticking around preparing and filming this very informative video. Very very well done.
Agree! My professor has the best of intentions, but we leave his classes more confused than we came in. Watched this guy for 1.h hrs and I learnt what my lecturer could not teach me in 4 months.
Please do NOT stop making these informative videos! I'm a first-year veterinarian student and you have enabled me to pass my first semester of veterinarian classes with A's. You're literally like my personal tutor. Thank you!
You are a super hero for med students. You are literally the best lecturer i have ever seen. Cant tell you how much your videos have helped me throughout my med life. Thanks a billion
Good stuff. Wish my tutor was this good. This guy is pro ably 23 like me yet he knows much more than I do. Go figure. How is it possible for someone to be thos smart. This is amazing just like magic
Your lectures are such a gift. I’m a visual learner and seeing your illustrations help me tremendously. I passed my cardiac exam and I owe a lot of that to you! Thank you so much!
I love the clinical tidbits that you include in each video because it helps me see how each process, each pathway can be clinically relevant as it could affect a real human being. Keep up the good work
I don't even know if you read the comments but I wanted to let you know that even videos you did five or six years ago had helped someone (me) to day with their physiology example, I had the highest grade note between my colleagues, thank you for being so funny and prepared at the same time ❤️ God bless you and your channel 🥰😂. from 🇮🇹
If I'm depending on something for physiology other than the books, it is your videos. They help me so much and kudos to you for covering so much details in a short time. Appreciate your effort. Keep it up!
I see most of the comments are of people who are already in med school, but I'm still in high school and I can understand perfectly due to the great explanation you provide. Excellent video!
I can't say enough about this 10 part series! I was lost in my lecture becasue now it is online, we didn't get the lab portion. It is so important to start with the first video and just builds from there. I was lost in the book and lecture until this ! Thank you so much!
You Ninja Nerd are Extraterrestrial. You are making all of us LIMITLESS! Noone else can EVER explain so understandably, logically and interestingly that tough medical material.
These videos are for free !!!! Can’t believe coz this is world class content and the way it is delivered is beyond words. Thank you so much .❤ From India ❤️
This man is honestly the best teacher I have ever come across in my entire life. I love how patient and detailed he is because in reality when it comes to science, every detail matters. We need to protect him at all costs. Thank you Ninja Nerd for all you do.
Summary: Renal corpuscle: Glomerulus + Bowman's capsule Glomerlus: endothelial lining + glomerular basement membrane 1. Tuft of capillaries that is fed by afferent arteriole. 2. Type of capillaries: fenestrated- pores in endothelial cells No formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) (can go through fenestrated pores) Can pass thru: H20, waste products, small proteins, electrolytes, nutrients) 3. Efferent arteriole drains glomerulus (NOT a venule- rare in body) [Blue membrane] Glomerular basement membrane 1. Three sublayers (endothelial side to podocytes side) a. Lamina rara interna- Heparin sulfate (very negatively charged)- thinner layer Negative charge of heparin sulfate is important because proteins inside blood is negatively charged, eg, albumins, IgG. Positively charged electrolyes can easily pass through. b. Lamina densa- type IV collagen and laminins c. Lamina rara externa- Heparin sulfate Bowman's capsule: Parietal + visceral layer a. Visceral layer 1. Podocytes 2. Nephrin- proteins inbetween podocytes, interconnecting them makes up the slit diaphragm 3. Filtration slit- space between podocytes b. parietal layer Freely Filterable stuff: HCO3-, Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg 2+, H2O, Glucose, amino acids, lipids, Urea, creatinine Mesangial cells [piranha looking] > important to glomerular structure- phagocytose molecules that get hung up in slit diaphragm > Contractile activity: control the amount of blood flow that comes to the glomerulus > gap junctions connect to juxtaglomerular cells (stimulates release of renin from JG cells) Net Filtration Pressure Glomerular Filtration rate (GFR): > DEF: plasma volume that is being filtered out from the glomerulus and into the Bowman's capsule for 1 min- 125 ml/min > Every min, 1200 ml passes through arteriole. Only 625 ml/min out of this is used in filtration process. 575 ml leaves out. > 20% of 635 filtered only = 125 ml Factors that affect GFR: 1. NFP: pressures forcing out - pressures pulling things in > Forcing out: Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP), Colloidal Osmotic Pressure (CoOP)- the pressure created by albumin and such to keep all the things in the blood, in the blood and not anywhere else > Forcing in: Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure (CHP), Capsular Osmotic Pressure (CaOP)- 0 mm Hg in normal humans since plasma proteins are not meant to pass. > GHP + CaOP - (CHP + CoOP) = NFP > 55 + 0 - ( 30 + 15 ) = 10 mm Hg > NFP directly proportional to GFR 2. KF (Filtration Coeffient) 2a. Surface area of glomerulus > directly proportional to GFR > diabetic nephropathy: protein deposits in glomerulus that makes it thicker and reduces surface area 2b. Permeability of glomerulus > directly proportional to GFR > Glomerulonephritis: damage to glomerulus makes basement membrane very porous. Higher GFR causes lots of proteins to be lost. GFR = NFP x KF Clinical Correlations: GHP- directly dependent on systemic BP (directly proportional) CoOP- > multiple myeloma (too many diff types of proteins in the blood) you end up taking a lot of water > hypoproteinemia: can't hold on to proteins CHP > renal calculi (kidney stone >5mm diameter) stuck in nephron loop > increase in CHP > hydronephrosis due to renal ptosis- in individuals that are very emaciated (thin/weak) because of rapid weight loss, the kidneys can drop and kink up. Fluids flow back to the kidney causing hydronephrosis. > increase in CHP
this must be the first 40-minutes video explaining something that I've ever watched until the end. Thank you so much for your detailed explainations and that you keep repeating and explaining things you've said before and that you do it with such joy that I was paying attention until the very end. Thank you!!
I just wanted to thank you for helping me finish my A & P class with a good grade. You are the best professor in the world. Thank you for your dedication. Also you are amazingly smart, I truly look up to you! ❤❤❤
Just had my physio final 4 days ago. One of my questions were about nephrons, so after watching this video and seeing how you explain it I got an A for my final mark. Thank you so much man.
I was going crazy with the nephrology section of my A&P course because I felt like I had to memorize everything without understanding it. You actually explain it so I can see *why* it works the way it does. Thank you!
I feel like I need to pay you. Thank you SO MUCH for the time effort and work you and your people spent putting these videos together. This helped me tremendously! Thank you thank you thank you!! Also, teaching is definitely your talent!
So helpful! I am a Paramedic in a small rural northern service and will be giving a GU/GI training to some new staff in a few weeks. These videos have been very informative for my content - thank you!
Absolutely Brilliant!! One of the most difficult concepts for me was explained in a Wonderful 43-minute video. You put a lot of my professors to shame.
I don’t know how to say thank you! You make learning so much easier and fun!! Honestly these subjects are hard to memorize but you make it possible!Thanks alot man!
I thoroughly enjoy your videos. My teacher is always yelling at us telling us that we don't know much and that we have to actually enjoy science to go into the medical field. Well we do, but the teachers suck and make it so hard to understand. YOur videos connect the dots and helps me to picture everything. Its amazing. Thank you so so much! You make me enjoy science again.
This channel is a boon to all students,even paid platforms fail to teach classes concepts this flawlessly.I love this channel.God bless you ninja nerd ❤️
Brilliance in action. Dude, you make these subject matters so uncomplicated. I thoroughly enjoy watching your videos. They beat tv watching (wasting). By the way, the word fenestrated is from Italian word fenestra (fenestram-Latin) which means windows.
25:38 The 600ml of the 1200 ml of the blood coming into glomerulus per minute is the plasma part of the blood ,the part of the blood filtred in the glomerulus .and as you know the plama constitutes 55% of the blood , hence we have 600 ml of plasma in the kidney the remaining 45% are the blood cells . Renal blood flow per minute =1100 ml . Renal plasma follow per minute = 600ml , and out of this we filter 125 ml which is about 20 % of renal plasma follow (filtration fraction )
You are amazing, thank you very much for the dedication 🙌🏻 You make it feel like it isnt studying at all, gonna grab a popcorn and watch ur vids for hours ! ☺️☺️
im doing an online Anatomy and Physiology course and i'm on the Urinary System, read the slide shows, and i was like okee i have no idea, so then i came across ur video, and u saved me, ive gone from zero confidence if what i understand to a lot in just one video!! and uve made it all sound interesting! thank you!!
So incredibly helpful!! I do have two questions if someone could please enlighten me! 1. Why do anions pass the glomerular basement membrane but proteins do not? If they are both negatively charged and of the appropriate size. 2. It was implied a few times that the increase/decrease in osmotic pressure was proportional to the concentration of proteins in the plasma and capsule. Why does changes in electrolytes not result in the same changes of osmotic pressure?
Thanks a lot You said that negatively charged particles can not pass through glomerular basement membrane. But cl and bicarbonat are negatively charged particles. Can you explain about this? Thank you 😊
well there are sialoproteins (negatively charged proteins in the wall of the glomerular basement membrane. Due to these, the filtration of negatively charged proteins is slightly slower than the cationic substances of the same size. So HCO3- and cl- do pass through albeit in lesser quantities. In some diseases the negative charges in the glomerular basement membrane disappear leading to filtration of large amounts of albumin and other negatively charged molecules
I too have the same questions,,, how negative charge can pass through GBM ? In any condition dnt matter they r small why the GBM doesnt repell cl- and hco3- ?
please dont ever go private... im from brazil and am in medical school in argentina and i just can go through it because of you. some people here just suck in teaching and you always save me so... thank you. im gonna be a better doctor because of you
It all makes sense now , thanks a lot for this amazing video , I highly recommend it for all medical students around the world who are struggling with this topic ❤
Our professor told us that because the molecular weight of Cl or HCO3 is really small (unlike big plasma proteins), the effects of the negative charge can be negligible.
You are just incredible and you are the reason that I love physiology that much. In beginning I just hate physiology but now it is my favourite most subject. You are the reason behind it ❤️❤️
Amazing! Just amazing....for anyone in the medical field period this is fabulous work. I truly recommend professors have to watch this and understand why everyone likes these videos. Learn how to explain processes in ways students can understand. In college I had too many professors that we students either had to go to the Dean because even the genius students were failing! You have to be able to explain in details. We need to understand this because we are dealing with peoples lives!!
I don't normally comment on videos but i just had to say thank u ,renal physiology was very tricky and complicated , I couldn't understand it at first but when i discovered your channel it made a lot of things much easier for me , You explained it in a very simple and fun way, that even a toddler could understand Plz don't stop what your doing I am literally surviving medical school because of you😂❤
At this time one of the best option for medical students, guys u have golden opportunity to take the concepts from ninja nerd hi is really appreciating💕 us, thanx ninja for your kind of information. 🥰🥰🥰
Blood supply of the Glomerulus: 1:28
Fenestrated capillaries: 2:03
Basement membrane structure: 05:40
Negatively charged basement membrane as a filter: 9:55
Conclusion of Glomerulus structure: 12:18
Podocytes: 13:40
Nephrin: 14:43
Filtration Slit (the slit diaphragm): 15:15
Parietal of the Bowman's capsule: 16:45
Conclusion of molecules that can be filtrated into the Bowman's space: 17:40
Mesangial cells: 21:55
J.G Cells (Jextra Glomerulus cell): 23:05
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Glomerulus filtration rate: 25:26
Factors affecting the filtration rate:
Net filtration rate (In: Colloid osmotic pressure / Capsular hydrostatic pressure, Out: Glomerulus hydrostatic pressure / Capsular osmotic pressure = 0 in healthy animals, no plasma protein should pass): 27:05
KF (Filtration coefficient - Surface area and permeability of the glomerulus capillaries): 34:45
What could affect GHP/COP/CHP: 39:20
THANKS
thank youuuu soo much❤️
Thankss
This is awsome....your are like my chemistry teacher he taught me things even we couldnt imaging but after knowing those i felt i was came from another planet .....
@lujain very good!!!
Impressive. Really love the fact that you take time to explain the histology of the basement membrane because that makes so much sense why the glomerulus is such a selective compontent when it comes to filtration. Thanx again.
+Nguyen Nguyen i'm truly glad that the video helped! Thank you for your kind words once again.
you're thanking us for sticking around and watching you?? we're THANKING YOU for sticking around preparing and filming this very informative video. Very very well done.
A FUCKEN NiNJA iNDEED ... Great video as usual 👍🏼
Literally Man....we thank u
Instead of professors, they should just play your videos! I'm telling you, I've never learned more or better than by watching these videos!
100% agree. I'm here because my professor is so incredibly boring, I can't pay attention. This guy knows how to lecture!!
Exactly
Agree! My professor has the best of intentions, but we leave his classes more confused than we came in. Watched this guy for 1.h hrs and I learnt what my lecturer could not teach me in 4 months.
I agree with you
Agreed, presentation really learning..
God bless you Ninja Nerd. You seriously taught this way better than my college physio professor.
Please do NOT stop making these informative videos! I'm a first-year veterinarian student and you have enabled me to pass my first semester of veterinarian classes with A's. You're literally like my personal tutor. Thank you!
+Johneisha Motley lolol!!! thank you so much for your kind words I'm so happy that we were able to help!
You are a super hero for med students. You are literally the best lecturer i have ever seen. Cant tell you how much your videos have helped me throughout my med life. Thanks a billion
i am watching these videos like series in netflix,
Same! Feasting on these
OMG YES haha
Lmao for real
Mandibular canine
Good stuff. Wish my tutor was this good. This guy is pro ably 23 like me yet he knows much more than I do. Go figure. How is it possible for someone to be thos smart.
This is amazing just like magic
my lecturer today was like speaking in a language i don't understand, here you make it look so simple.
😂
Your lectures are such a gift. I’m a visual learner and seeing your illustrations help me tremendously. I passed my cardiac exam and I owe a lot of that to you! Thank you so much!
Congratulations!
I've never seen anybody explain anatomy that good, I'm almost crying
I aspire to lecture as clearly as you do. You are a gem.
I love the clinical tidbits that you include in each video because it helps me see how each process, each pathway can be clinically relevant as it could affect a real human being. Keep up the good work
That is awesome to hear because we here at ninja nerd love implementing the clinical aspect we it is helpful!
Your renal physiology videos are masterpieces. You are amazing for putting them out for free
I don't think I could even continue to study if there was no Ninja Nerd channel. There is no way to describe how much thanks I owe you.
I don't even know if you read the comments but I wanted to let you know that even videos you did five or six years ago had helped someone (me) to day with their physiology example, I had the highest grade note between my colleagues, thank you for being so funny and prepared at the same time ❤️ God bless you and your channel 🥰😂.
from 🇮🇹
If I'm depending on something for physiology other than the books, it is your videos. They help me so much and kudos to you for covering so much details in a short time. Appreciate your effort. Keep it up!
You're currently saving my degree, man. Thank you for these videos! They're so, so helpful.
Am a Medical student from Uganda, Africa, Am a Ninja Nerd, I love you Ninja Nerd, u mean a lot to me, May God bless you
I see most of the comments are of people who are already in med school, but I'm still in high school and I can understand perfectly due to the great explanation you provide. Excellent video!
I can't say enough about this 10 part series! I was lost in my lecture becasue now it is online, we didn't get the lab portion. It is so important to start with the first video and just builds from there. I was lost in the book and lecture until this ! Thank you so much!
You Ninja Nerd are Extraterrestrial. You are making all of us LIMITLESS! Noone else can EVER explain so understandably, logically and interestingly that tough medical material.
These videos are for free !!!! Can’t believe coz this is world class content and the way it is delivered is beyond words. Thank you so much .❤ From India ❤️
This man is honestly the best teacher I have ever come across in my entire life. I love how patient and detailed he is because in reality when it comes to science, every detail matters. We need to protect him at all costs. Thank you Ninja Nerd for all you do.
i'm surviving medical school because of you
James, I second that.
Me too for dental school😂
SAME
Me too
PA School too!
Mi gente-Pay this man and the team that puts all this together! You all are making school much feasible. Muchas gracias 🙏
Summary:
Renal corpuscle: Glomerulus + Bowman's capsule
Glomerlus: endothelial lining + glomerular basement membrane
1. Tuft of capillaries that is fed by afferent arteriole.
2. Type of capillaries: fenestrated- pores in endothelial cells
No formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) (can go through fenestrated pores)
Can pass thru: H20, waste products, small proteins, electrolytes, nutrients)
3. Efferent arteriole drains glomerulus (NOT a venule- rare in body)
[Blue membrane] Glomerular basement membrane
1. Three sublayers (endothelial side to podocytes side)
a. Lamina rara interna- Heparin sulfate (very negatively charged)- thinner layer
Negative charge of heparin sulfate is important because proteins inside blood is negatively charged, eg, albumins, IgG. Positively charged electrolyes can easily pass through.
b. Lamina densa- type IV collagen and laminins
c. Lamina rara externa- Heparin sulfate
Bowman's capsule: Parietal + visceral layer
a. Visceral layer
1. Podocytes
2. Nephrin- proteins inbetween podocytes, interconnecting them
makes up the slit diaphragm
3. Filtration slit- space between podocytes
b. parietal layer
Freely Filterable stuff:
HCO3-, Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg 2+, H2O, Glucose, amino acids, lipids, Urea, creatinine
Mesangial cells [piranha looking]
> important to glomerular structure- phagocytose molecules that get hung up in slit diaphragm
> Contractile activity: control the amount of blood flow that comes to the glomerulus
> gap junctions connect to juxtaglomerular cells (stimulates release of renin from JG cells)
Net Filtration Pressure
Glomerular Filtration rate (GFR):
> DEF: plasma volume that is being filtered out from the glomerulus and into the Bowman's capsule for 1 min- 125 ml/min
> Every min, 1200 ml passes through arteriole. Only 625 ml/min out of this is used in filtration process. 575 ml leaves out.
> 20% of 635 filtered only = 125 ml
Factors that affect GFR:
1. NFP: pressures forcing out - pressures pulling things in
> Forcing out: Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP), Colloidal Osmotic Pressure (CoOP)- the pressure created by albumin and such to keep all the things in the blood, in the blood and not anywhere else
> Forcing in: Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure (CHP), Capsular Osmotic Pressure (CaOP)- 0 mm Hg in normal humans since plasma proteins are not meant to pass.
> GHP + CaOP - (CHP + CoOP) = NFP
> 55 + 0 - ( 30 + 15 ) = 10 mm Hg
> NFP directly proportional to GFR
2. KF (Filtration Coeffient)
2a. Surface area of glomerulus
> directly proportional to GFR
> diabetic nephropathy: protein deposits in glomerulus that makes it thicker and reduces surface area
2b. Permeability of glomerulus
> directly proportional to GFR
> Glomerulonephritis: damage to glomerulus makes basement membrane very porous. Higher GFR causes lots of proteins to be lost.
GFR = NFP x KF
Clinical Correlations:
GHP- directly dependent on systemic BP (directly proportional)
CoOP-
> multiple myeloma (too many diff types of proteins in the blood) you end up taking a lot of water
> hypoproteinemia: can't hold on to proteins
CHP
> renal calculi (kidney stone >5mm diameter) stuck in nephron loop
> increase in CHP
> hydronephrosis due to renal ptosis- in individuals that are very emaciated (thin/weak) because of rapid weight loss, the kidneys can drop and kink up. Fluids flow back to the kidney causing hydronephrosis.
> increase in CHP
Thanks
You’re the best
Amazing. Thanks 👍
Thanks 😊
even 6 years later here you are saving medical students like me in physiology! I owe you big time if i ever get the chance to meet you in person
I NEVER comment on any videos, but man, I just had to say THANK YOU!
God bless him😇
I get As in class coz of you !! Great work !! U have no idea how much people appreciate you ❤
Just one word... AMAZING ... Never thought this would be so easy to understand thank u for making it easier ... Loved it ❤
this must be the first 40-minutes video explaining something that I've ever watched until the end. Thank you so much for your detailed explainations and that you keep repeating and explaining things you've said before and that you do it with such joy that I was paying attention until the very end. Thank you!!
I just wanted to thank you for helping me finish my A & P class with a good grade. You are the best professor in the world. Thank you for your dedication. Also you are amazingly smart, I truly look up to you! ❤❤❤
I’ve been dreading the day we started renal physiology in my class, but I feel much better with your videos. You’re a huge inspiration! Thanks!
Just had my physio final 4 days ago. One of my questions were about nephrons, so after watching this video and seeing how you explain it I got an A for my final mark. Thank you so much man.
I was going crazy with the nephrology section of my A&P course because I felt like I had to memorize everything without understanding it. You actually explain it so I can see *why* it works the way it does. Thank you!
I wish I found your channel earlier in my A&P 1 and A&P 2 class. I’m currently preparing for my final binge watching your videos. Super helpful!
Subscribed right away after watching one of your lectures. Love the way you teach, hoping for more to come :)
Yay! That’s so exciting to hear!
I feel like I need to pay you. Thank you SO MUCH for the time effort and work you and your people spent putting these videos together. This helped me tremendously! Thank you thank you thank you!!
Also, teaching is definitely your talent!
So helpful! I am a Paramedic in a small rural northern service and will be giving a GU/GI training to some new staff in a few weeks. These videos have been very informative for my content - thank you!
The quality of content in this video is 5/5. Love it
Absolutely Brilliant!! One of the most difficult concepts for me was explained in a Wonderful 43-minute video. You put a lot of my professors to shame.
I don’t know how to say thank you! You make learning so much easier and fun!! Honestly these subjects are hard to memorize but you make it possible!Thanks alot man!
I thoroughly enjoy your videos. My teacher is always yelling at us telling us that we don't know much and that we have to actually enjoy science to go into the medical field. Well we do, but the teachers suck and make it so hard to understand. YOur videos connect the dots and helps me to picture everything. Its amazing. Thank you so so much! You make me enjoy science again.
Dr najeeb be like : finally a worthy opponent 🔥
You are the best! Thanks!
U guys are saving me in physiology seriously thank you
This channel is a boon to all students,even paid platforms fail to teach classes concepts this flawlessly.I love this channel.God bless you ninja nerd ❤️
Never dissapointed about you PROF! Thanks a lot!
I really don't have any words, i couldn't understand the concepts, and you just put them into my brain so well now! med students hero!
For real I gave up on my collage teacher and you saved my life
fr fr
I am really falling love with the way you're teaching. More than expected than I wanted.
Oh, man! You've got MAD teaching skills! I love your videos. Thank you😀 Love from Norway.
Binge Watching! Dude your enthusiasm is contagious. Never thought I'd be excited over glomerular filtration but I am now.
Brilliance in action. Dude, you make these subject matters so uncomplicated. I thoroughly enjoy watching your videos. They beat tv watching (wasting). By the way, the word fenestrated is from Italian word fenestra (fenestram-Latin) which means windows.
Blah blah blah blah... Good! for! you! 😂
I am about to become an Acute Hemodialysis Nurse and this video helps me a lot. Thanks, man. You're amazing.
25:38
The 600ml of the 1200 ml of the blood coming into glomerulus per minute is the plasma part of the blood ,the part of the blood filtred in the glomerulus .and as you know the plama constitutes 55% of the blood , hence we have 600 ml of plasma in the kidney the remaining 45% are the blood cells .
Renal blood flow per minute =1100 ml .
Renal plasma follow per minute = 600ml , and out of this we filter 125 ml which is about 20 % of renal plasma follow (filtration fraction )
One of the best video i've ever seen.
You are amazing, thank you very much for the dedication 🙌🏻
You make it feel like it isnt studying at all, gonna grab a popcorn and watch ur vids for hours ! ☺️☺️
I am not even in medical school and I love watching all these videos makes me want to become a doctor. Incredibly easy to learn.
very nice job , it's really useful , no one can teach these concepts so ooooooooooooooo good , thank you sir
you are an absolute genius, not necessarily for the content, but for the delivery and presentation of all this information !!! thank you
Man you should start a medical school
All love ❤️
im doing an online Anatomy and Physiology course and i'm on the Urinary System, read the slide shows, and i was like okee i have no idea, so then i came across ur video, and u saved me, ive gone from zero confidence if what i understand to a lot in just one video!! and uve made it all sound interesting! thank you!!
would you like to tell me on which website you are doing online course of anatomy and physiology ?
So incredibly helpful!! I do have two questions if someone could please enlighten me!
1. Why do anions pass the glomerular basement membrane but proteins do not? If they are both negatively charged and of the appropriate size.
2. It was implied a few times that the increase/decrease in osmotic pressure was proportional to the concentration of proteins in the plasma and capsule. Why does changes in electrolytes not result in the same changes of osmotic pressure?
Simplified and straight to the point. May God bless you sir.
I wish my school just fires everybody in the faculty and just use your lecture as the main learning material.
You are better than many PhD professors.
WOW!! You know a lot!!!
Thank you for sharing all that information in detail and standard language!
Why you do you know all that ? 🤔
You explain things so much better than any physiology professor I have taken a course from I have had 3
Thanks a lot
You said that negatively charged particles can not pass through glomerular basement membrane. But cl and bicarbonat are negatively charged particles.
Can you explain about this?
Thank you 😊
They normally can't, but when there's too much of them and they're small enough to fit the fenestrations, then some may actually pass through
Yeah i have the same question!!
well there are sialoproteins (negatively charged proteins in the wall of the glomerular basement membrane. Due to these, the filtration of negatively charged proteins is slightly slower than the cationic substances of the same size. So HCO3- and cl- do pass through albeit in lesser quantities. In some diseases the negative charges in the glomerular basement membrane disappear leading to filtration of large amounts of albumin and other negatively charged molecules
I tried reading the notes, got confused but you just made my life easier. Thank you
Great lecture but I have a question
How negatvly charged ions like chlorde and bicrbonate pass through the GBM?
it can pass through the GBM, but it's more harder than the positive charge
same question here🤔🤔
they are negative but small, proteins are negative and large. so its harder for cl- and hco3- to filtrate but it can
I too have the same questions,,, how negative charge can pass through GBM ? In any condition dnt matter they r small why the GBM doesnt repell cl- and hco3- ?
please dont ever go private... im from brazil and am in medical school in argentina and i just can go through it because of you. some people here just suck in teaching and you always save me so... thank you. im gonna be a better doctor because of you
Hi, thanks for all!! Just a tiny correction: the fenestrations are not holes IN the endothelial cell, they are spaces BETWEEN the cells. 😉
nah theyre pores, aka holes. spaces would be more so discontinuous capillaries.
No, what you are talking about is known as inter-cellular clefts. Fenestrations are indeed the holes in the endothelial cells.
It all makes sense now , thanks a lot for this amazing video , I highly recommend it for all medical students around the world who are struggling with this topic ❤
Mesangial cells getting ready to "frick something up" is how I will forever refer to them lol
Your diagrams are so illustrative. You make difficult concepts so easy to grasp. Thank you for putting in so much effort for medicos.
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20:18
Sir if bicarbonates and chloride are negatively charged how do they make out of the glomerular membrane? Please help.
Yes..same question sir
Our professor told us that because the molecular weight of Cl or HCO3 is really small (unlike big plasma proteins), the effects of the negative charge can be negligible.
Barış Güllüoğlu thnks !!
A very thankful medical student here! Thank you for teaching this better than my actual professor! You're the best!
Thank you so much man. Really helping me out here. :)
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Thank you again ❤️❤️
Thank you very much!
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I thought Cl was negatively charged how could it pass through the glomerular basement membrane
Some -ion particals also passed through basement membrane 🤗
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