How To Replace a Kitchen Sink Strainer | Hard To Remove Old Parts

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  • Опубликовано: 9 янв 2025

Комментарии • 404

  • @EverydayHomeRepairs
    @EverydayHomeRepairs  21 день назад +1

    Tools/Parts Used
    Glacier Bay Strainer: geni.us/u5L5sAm
    Rigid Sink and Faucet Tool: geni.us/Z2FJ
    Sink Drain Wrench: geni.us/tFeBv
    Plumbers Putty: geni.us/vLUm
    Tools Every Weekend Warrior Needs
    Makita Cordless Drill Combo Kit: geni.us/t7dIA
    Dewalt Drill Bit Set: geni.us/oFlSl
    Dewalt Screwdriver Bit Set: geni.us/VDcr
    Craftsman Screwdriver Set: geni.us/jXqFI
    Eklind Allen Wrench Set: geni.us/7XfvO
    Pliers (4-Piece Set): geni.us/RIdx
    Stanley Utility Knife: geni.us/ndIDa
    Stanley Tape Measure: geni.us/bUfD1R
    Studbuddy Stud Finder: geni.us/RySCuVw
    Johnson Torpedo Level: geni.us/wiLcDY
    Stanley Hammer: geni.us/bPDk8Wo
    Buck Bros Wood Chisel Set: geni.us/vk3cpTW
    Klein Voltage Tester: geni.us/h9Hl
    Klein Outlet Tester: geni.us/kdBAJ
    Ideal Wire Strippers: geni.us/MdOB
    Little Giant Ladder: geni.us/fmlmTk
    DISCLAIMER: This video and description contains affiliate links, which means that if you click on one of the product links, I’ll receive a small commission.

  • @m.a.lockett7566
    @m.a.lockett7566 3 года назад +47

    As a single woman, your video was the perfect solution to an expensive plumbing problem. Thank you so much for your video, which is exactly what I was looking for. Your voice and instructions are pitch perfect and very easy to understand.

    • @EverydayHomeRepairs
      @EverydayHomeRepairs  3 года назад +1

      Thanks for the kind word, appreciate the support 👍

    • @jadebell8790
      @jadebell8790 11 месяцев назад +1

      That’s why I subbed and shared .. best tutorial I’ve seen so far .. thank you 🙏

  • @GTSN38
    @GTSN38 Год назад +10

    That vinegar trick works like a charm ! I tried fire and pb blaster with no luck and was getting ready to cut it off. Wish I watched this video 20 years ago. Thanks ❤️

  • @billhodges2041
    @billhodges2041 Год назад +15

    We have a home warranty, but decided to do this myself, great step by steps and thanks for no useless music in the background.

  • @maheshprabhu
    @maheshprabhu Год назад +5

    Fantastic recommendation on using vinegar when that ring doesn't budge. All other videos show how to replace the drain on brand new installations... you are the only person to show how to do it on an old worn out one. Thank you!

  • @MariaKosmabass
    @MariaKosmabass 10 месяцев назад +6

    Thank you for making this video and helping a clueless person successfully replace a sink strainer!

  • @MichaelTanaka-bn6ul
    @MichaelTanaka-bn6ul 2 года назад +6

    I was able to remove the two old strainers using the heat gun and vinegar. Installing the new strainers were easy. I had to pull downward on the neck of the new strainers so that I could screw the new nuts firmly to the basket. The total cost of this project was only $45.00. Thank you for showing me how to fix my kitchen sink.

  • @randolphdavidson3225
    @randolphdavidson3225 2 года назад +3

    This worked like magic. I used almost every tool I had and even went to pick up new tools lol. Nothing worked all day. The heat gun and vinegar worked in less than 5 mins. Project finished soon after. You are a champion 🏆

  • @bonniechiu5870
    @bonniechiu5870 2 года назад +25

    Thank you so much for this video! It was exactly what I needed to show my parents so they could fix their kitchen sink. Your instructions were so clear and the tips were VERY helpful. My parents are 82 and 75 years old and the with house is 32 years. Lots of build up around that piece lol. They watched your video over and over and it was a lifer saver! They both want to thank you!!

    • @lovenpeace271
      @lovenpeace271 2 года назад

      Some kid smh, why didn't you do it

    • @FrankGough-s2r
      @FrankGough-s2r 10 месяцев назад

      Whenever I tighten everything the strainer slides out of the indented part of the sink to one side of center. How to prevent this plz.

  • @Hawki777
    @Hawki777 4 года назад +24

    Finally a detailed video showing how to remove old stuck strainer and lock nuts.
    Thanks.

  • @candycewill2330
    @candycewill2330 4 года назад +26

    Thank you so much! I followed everything you said, there were some bumps but I got through them and I tested it the way you said to and it is working perfect! Not bad for an old single lady! LOL!

    • @EverydayHomeRepairs
      @EverydayHomeRepairs  4 года назад +2

      Nice work and way to take the initiative 👊. What project is next?

    • @carolpurves9350
      @carolpurves9350 3 года назад +5

      I’m another “single old lady” who just accomplished this too. ! Hurray. and thank you so much. 😊

    • @candycewill2330
      @candycewill2330 3 года назад

      @@EverydayHomeRepairs Nothing right now but ya never know....

    • @jadebell8790
      @jadebell8790 11 месяцев назад

      Me too . I’m following the directions here.. best video tutorial I found on RUclips… but I’m stumped bc the man at the hardware store told me to use silicone sealer up against the gasket to the metal basket underneath..
      me.. scratching my head wondering if it is really necessary ??

    • @mylesherda1856
      @mylesherda1856 9 месяцев назад

      Vinegar was a great help! Thank you

  • @lohengrinzadieclausell7606
    @lohengrinzadieclausell7606 Год назад

    Thank you so much for the video! My issue was that it was old and leaking for a long time. So I had so much mineral deposits. Your vinegar tip is what did it for me. I was able to boil some vinegar then used a brush to apply it.Then used a 1/4" brush attachment on my Milwaukee driver to hit up all the treads. Applied Vinegar once more then hit it again with the driver and voila! Off comes the ring Thanks again. I hope this message reaches you and that you are well. Cheers!

  • @mimi0424
    @mimi0424 2 года назад

    Thank goodness for YT and this video...my husband and I are selling our home in January. We've had a few updates done (We've paid ppl) as he is..well not so good at fixing things...but he tells me we need a NEW sink..but I say otherwise..this is EXACTLY what was wrong. I'm going to use this video as my guide...I used another YT video to fix our heater when it wouldn't come on last winter and saved a ton...I will save w this video as well. Ty! I just personally don't want to put a new sink in a home I'm leaving although the one that we have is probably 35 + yrs old..but other than the leak it's fine..so if the leak can be fixed, we'll save $$...I will try my best. Ty for the video!

  • @HighLifeMeditations
    @HighLifeMeditations 2 года назад +11

    DUDE!!!!! That vinegar trick saved my ass. You are a legend to the unskilled DIY guys like me!🙏

  • @jimreid1041
    @jimreid1041 Год назад

    Excellent, practical, clear step-by-step vid for skilled, but non-expert, DIYer.
    Thank you. You explained what and why each item or step was needed and in the process, identified mistakes to avoid.
    5 stars!

  • @BobKokoska
    @BobKokoska Год назад

    This video was absolutely awesome.....i had a leak in my kitchen drain, and i never though that i'd be able do plumbing like this - i picked up the right tools, your instructions were clear, to-the-point, and most importantly - it worked!! Thank you for the instructions..

  • @arodri27
    @arodri27 3 года назад +3

    This was a lifesaver. I was gonna call for help but then came across video. Thanks for making it easy to understand

  • @christianak4399
    @christianak4399 2 года назад +4

    Most clear and concise video I've seen in some time, thank you! I was removing funky pipes and all other components from a sink basin I already pulled out. I ended up using channel locks carefully instead of the rigid tool, a drain wrench and lots of vinegar, applied many times (funky very old old sink)-It worked!

  • @stebolavirus
    @stebolavirus Год назад +1

    Oh man! Thank you so much for this video! The only thing you might have clarified is that plumber's putty doesn't need to dry, which I didn't realize. You just solved my leak problem. And I didn't have to hire a plumber. I was able to do this in my Airbnb property in between guests thanks to the easy and clear steps.

  • @nica080910
    @nica080910 4 года назад +8

    I was looking for a totally different kitchen drain repair. But I used your solution of using vinegar to loosen a joint nut. Thank you.

  • @TerranEarth
    @TerranEarth Год назад +2

    Vinegar did the trick! Thanks!!

  • @TheDano321
    @TheDano321 Год назад

    Thank you so much for your video on kitchen sink strainer basket installation. I followed your advice and now we have a sink that's not leaking from the basket.

  • @choosumfat
    @choosumfat 7 месяцев назад

    I almost gave up on that freaking nut (it's be on there for almost 30 years). The vinegar tip worked like a charm. Thank you, thank you thank you.

  • @Hope-jd8kz
    @Hope-jd8kz 2 года назад

    Thank you so much. Trying to fix before hubby gets home lol. Your voice is very comforting and you're so helpful. I appreciate you very much. 🙂

  • @dutchiebunny
    @dutchiebunny 2 года назад

    Thank you so much, sir, for the very concise video. I was able to replace my pressure cup type strainer once I removed the old one. The old one was over 20 years and I had trouble removing the lock nut that held the cup piece in place. I ended up using a hack saw to cut thru the strainer just above the very tough metal lock nut. Since it wasn't as tough or thick, that didn't take too long. I saw that tip on another video. The only hitch I ran into after the install was that I didn't have the correct slip nut washer on 1 of the PVC drain pipes well below the strainer, so it leaked at that location. I am not real experienced in plumbing, or I'd recognized that problem (I should have noted that when I took them apart or taken a picture). I really appreciate you taking the time to post this video!

  • @briansullivan1441
    @briansullivan1441 Год назад

    Excellent video instruction. I couldn't remove the compression nut connecting the T-pipe to the bottom of the strainer until I used your tip about spraying the top of the threads with vinegar and letting it seep down into the threads to dissolve the buildup. I did this three times waiting 5-10 minutes between sprays and was finally able to get the nut off. I then used a new nut after carefully wire-brushing the the threads on the bottom of the strainer with vinegar. I then wiped a thin coat of lightweight oil (SuperLube Multi-Purpose Synthetic Oil) on the threads making sure none of it got on the rubber T-washer. I'm hoping this will prevent any future corrosion and make it easier to get the nut off in the future.

  • @tedchopp4005
    @tedchopp4005 2 года назад +3

    Thanks for a clear basic video without any anoying music or sounds. Thanks for precise instructions and tips to help do the job. (a real breath of fresh air compared to others). Your sound leval was also great. I could actually hear all of your instructions. Thanks!

  • @bigeman500
    @bigeman500 3 года назад

    I want to say your vinegar trick worked great! That lock nutt came right off.

  • @fmusopp
    @fmusopp Год назад

    thank you for showing how to troubleshoot a stuck pipe. That was exactly what I was looking for. I watched 2 other videos that did not help me with this.

  • @Auntie9000
    @Auntie9000 3 месяца назад

    This video is perfection! Easy directions to follow, explanations are to the point. 1000 thank yous! ❤

  • @knowledgecipher3918
    @knowledgecipher3918 10 месяцев назад

    This was very good information straight to the point uncomplicated, I was able to complete the task in 10 minutes.

  • @oblivionfox
    @oblivionfox 9 месяцев назад

    Some sealant added to the gasket and elbow joints helps as well. Just did this this morning. Worked like a charm. Since I added the sealant, I didn’t use the paper gasket.

  • @imall4gingers
    @imall4gingers 5 месяцев назад +1

    The vinegar trick was a life saver! Thank you so much!

  • @beautyfashiongoals7912
    @beautyfashiongoals7912 11 месяцев назад +3

    Thank you! My hubby couldn't get that part off. I watched your video and got it off for him!! 😂 Thank you again and again for making this video!!

    • @jadebell8790
      @jadebell8790 11 месяцев назад +1

      I took the pipe piece that was stuck out the top and then put it in my vice to hold it .. used pliers and it came unstuck .. I wasn’t reusing the basket so I didn’t care if the vice punched any threads. I just wanted my pipe free from it.

  • @brentjohnson6654
    @brentjohnson6654 2 года назад +1

    Great video. I knew I needed putty but didn’t realize I would need a new compression ring for the brass nut. I just picked up the exact strainer you demonstrated. Haha. Thanks again for the good instruction for this hobby plumber.

  • @adamstpierre8574
    @adamstpierre8574 9 месяцев назад

    The plumbers putty is a game changer! Thanks so much

  • @laurajohnson2896
    @laurajohnson2896 2 года назад +6

    Hi! I also followed exactly what you did to repair my sink, all by myself. Thank you so much! You are awesome! ☺️

  • @Yaridnac
    @Yaridnac 2 года назад +1

    Great video as always!!! This came VERY handy today. The vinegar did the trick. The pipes literally crumbled!!! I replaced the tubes and then saw that the strainer is leaking. I’ll replaced that another day. ^_^

  • @nkq5568
    @nkq5568 4 года назад +3

    As others have written, very clear directions and good tip using vinegar. Thank you.

  • @johnmeier270
    @johnmeier270 Год назад

    What a mess, yes sinks in the garage. Your video is clear and spot on too, ty

  • @LorneLakin
    @LorneLakin 4 года назад +3

    Thank you for this video! You saved me a call to the plumber and probably a couple hundred dollars.

  • @JaBridgewater13
    @JaBridgewater13 5 месяцев назад

    thank you. I had trouble finding which way the tension cardboard washer went on. other videos I watched didn't show that, it was already connected. so I assumed there was a specific way the washers went on, did it the way this video showed and works 💯% . THANKS FOR THE VIDEO. 👍😊

  • @ramanshah7627
    @ramanshah7627 Год назад

    Excellent tutorial, thanks so much!
    Editing to add: I successfully rebuilt my kitchen sink yesterday. I ultimately wasn't able to get the baskets free, even with vinegar, in one piece. I bought the Ridgid tool that engages drain holes in the basket, but not the really big tool that goes around the locking ring. Maybe that latter tool would have made a difference. I ultimately split the locking ring with a fiberglass-reinforced cutoff wheel on my Proxxon (Dremel). The stainless was reasonably easy to cut with an abrasive. An angle grinder would have worked too, but I haven't yet used cutoff wheels with my angle grinder.

  • @toddpugh6628
    @toddpugh6628 2 года назад

    Using vinegar to eat the mineral was a great tip. Worked perfectly.

  • @rayledger6836
    @rayledger6836 Год назад

    Thanks for the video of how to do!
    For an older one, you really, really do need to buy or borrow a sink drain wrench. I tried using adjustable pliers, but no luck.

  • @harmonyhostel
    @harmonyhostel 2 года назад

    The vinegar idea worked beautifully!

  • @robsdad27
    @robsdad27 3 года назад +1

    Complete do it yourself with terrific pointers for a smooth repair job. Thanks for making this video

  • @abigailhamilton4925
    @abigailhamilton4925 2 года назад

    Thank you so much! Vinegar trick worked. Excellent instruction and showing every part of the process. I did it!

  • @feliziagraye2812
    @feliziagraye2812 Год назад +1

    Belated thanks a gazillion! Easy to follow, clear, concise. What can I say... we need a president like you!

  • @jmorv8866
    @jmorv8866 2 года назад +1

    There seems to be a debate on what gaskets/washers are used where on the assembly. I just replaced both of the strainers in my sink (the old ones needed to be cut off with a multi tool), but the new ones had a rubber gasket and a foam one, where the foam one sat between the strainer and the sink and the rubber sat beneath as it usually does on an assembly. This method still provided a great seal with no leaks and no putty either (manufacturer stated it wasn't needed). Anyways, great video and very helpful!

  • @Tallblueeyedgal2
    @Tallblueeyedgal2 4 года назад +5

    Thank you for your very clear instructions on how to replace a leaking sink drain. Because of this video I was able to repair my leaking sink with ease THANK YOU !!!

  • @bp-ob8ic
    @bp-ob8ic 2 года назад +3

    Just put a disposal in out kitchen. I had to put an outlet under the counter, remove the old sink drain, hang the disposal, and connect the drains. Your videos on those subjects were invaluable (though I did have to go to the angle grinder to get the basket to release. It was really stuck after 25-ish years).
    Only had to go to the hardware store twice.

  • @paulkadzis3612
    @paulkadzis3612 3 года назад +1

    So straight forward and simple, can't see how this video has ANY thumbs down

    • @ig3273
      @ig3273 3 года назад +2

      From plumbers

  • @wst8340
    @wst8340 4 года назад

    Great job and video.Just did my Kitchen Sink Drain/Basket.
    $21.00 and Free labor.

  • @99zman
    @99zman 10 месяцев назад

    Thank you for your video! It helped me install my new strainers and pipes with ease.

  • @notoriusjoe2769
    @notoriusjoe2769 Год назад

    Great video. The idea of using vinegar to free up a frozen lock ring was golden! Also really got value from purchasing the tool for holding the drain cup in place. Mission accomplished thanks to the video.

  • @billzadventures856
    @billzadventures856 4 года назад +5

    $15 with tax and putty, not bad. this helped me the most since others used that sink wrench and i didnt have that or a sink wrench type

  • @spammi757
    @spammi757 Год назад

    Was able to get it done today thanks to this excellent video... Thanks so much!

  • @gretchenvandewater2804
    @gretchenvandewater2804 3 года назад +1

    Thank you so much. You just saved me from paying a plumber $350 to replace two drains! I purchased and replaced the drains for less than $50!

  • @albertkazemian603
    @albertkazemian603 4 года назад +3

    Thanks for such a detailed video.
    I watched you and did mine kitchen strainer an hour ago.

  • @susanratwik3450
    @susanratwik3450 2 года назад

    Thanks so much- the vinegar worked and channel locks worked for me!

  • @randygubka941
    @randygubka941 Год назад

    Thank you so much - you just saved me over $800 bucks - I just subscribed too!! Thank you again

  • @wendysvintagefinds
    @wendysvintagefinds Год назад

    Thank you so much very clear instructions, I was able to fix my sink by my self.

  • @rmmccarthy1240
    @rmmccarthy1240 3 года назад +1

    Thanks EHR! Used the vinegar with an old toothbrush on a stubborn triangle flange ( I added the hammer for a touch of persuasion) and your advice worked great! Thanks, again👍.

  • @cosmicrone
    @cosmicrone 2 года назад

    Great visual. Close up and lighting, Explanations good. Thanks.

  • @barbiedesoto7054
    @barbiedesoto7054 2 года назад

    Excellent video. I need to install a new strainer and this was so clear and thorough and showed everything clearly. thank you!

  • @andytinganyang4706
    @andytinganyang4706 9 месяцев назад

    Best tutorial on this. Deserves a million views

  • @paulB77166
    @paulB77166 Год назад

    Thnx for clear and precise talk, no fluff

  • @JohnnyChicago
    @JohnnyChicago 2 года назад +4

    This video was perfect for me to fix my leaky sink!
    Thanks man, you're a lifesaver! :)

    • @superchez3781
      @superchez3781 2 года назад

      For me too he is awesome 🙏 thanks.

  • @BayViewInteractive
    @BayViewInteractive 4 года назад +2

    I didn't think to use a heat gun. That did the trick! thank you!!

  • @toripines5439
    @toripines5439 Год назад

    Great video!! Thank you. I can't afford a plumber, and as a single female this was very easy to follow! Now my leak is fixed. If you haven't already, repairing a ceiling light fan switch would be very beneficial. I've done it once before, but the switch was a cheap piece of cr@p. As a result I have now run out of extra wiring to connect to another one. Don't need a new fixture and can't afford an electrician. H_E_L_P...

  • @mr.sofrito1279
    @mr.sofrito1279 Месяц назад

    This definitely helped me out! Thank you for making this video!

  • @rolossining
    @rolossining 4 месяца назад

    Well done video, cleared up some questions I had left over from other vids. Thanks !

  • @superchez3781
    @superchez3781 2 года назад

    I watched many videos you’re the one I’m looking for thank you very much. Awesome! Exactly look like my sink 15x15.

  • @dsnissim
    @dsnissim 2 года назад

    I did it! I hit a few glitches along the way, but I was able to adjust by going back and watching a few parts over again.
    My drain had rusted and was no longer connected to the sink; I had to scrape away to find the mounting nut.
    Biggest error on my part was I didn’t get the same type of strainer so I had to get a new tailpiece and cut it to size.
    But no leaks!
    If you read these, I wasn’t able to fit the washer that came with slip nut. I hope that’s not a problem.

  • @Keitikinz
    @Keitikinz Год назад

    Hi Sir. It's 2023, I have MS Multiple Sclerosis and have grip and strength issues. I followed your tutorial and managed to install new basket strainer, it was corroded and came completely free from the basket. It took me several hours over 2 days because of breaks when I was getting frustrated. But test 1 was OK. Test 2 full sink was leaking from the tailpiece ptrap. I can at least use the sink until I get my dad to come get the tailpipe situated better. THANK YOU ❤

  • @roberthughes8513
    @roberthughes8513 2 года назад

    Thanks! I appreciate the clear and useful instructions that you gave during this video.

  • @annnichols6962
    @annnichols6962 2 года назад

    This was perfect ….showed exactly what I need to fix this on my own. Yay me!

  • @chasingarrows86
    @chasingarrows86 2 года назад

    Thank you!! I’ve been wondering how to fix mine for awhile now!! It’s on my to do list this weekend because of your video! It was so helpful and I know exactly what to do now!

  • @gerhardschneider7223
    @gerhardschneider7223 11 месяцев назад

    It appears you are a Real Professional! Thanks a lot!

  • @MsFated
    @MsFated 2 года назад

    My p trap was stuck you hacks helped me loosen it and finally get it out.
    Although I had to used vinegar and heat together

  • @floydantonio5787
    @floydantonio5787 23 дня назад

    Pretty straight forward thanks for the video a lot of help...

  • @tonym6920
    @tonym6920 3 года назад +2

    Great demo, and many thanks for the links to the special tools! 👍👍

  • @Rob-mh5do
    @Rob-mh5do 2 года назад

    Great video, I just did this and followed your vid during the process. One thing is that slip nut is a tough nut to Crack lol

  • @nsashby
    @nsashby Год назад

    Great tutorial, thanks. I didn't have to call a plumber to fix the leak on my sink.

  • @steevelegault7597
    @steevelegault7597 Год назад

    Amazing video and easy to follow instructions! You're awesome!

  • @annass8129
    @annass8129 11 месяцев назад

    Thank you for perfect explanation video. Everything worked straight forward. 👍

  • @ericpedersen8404
    @ericpedersen8404 3 года назад

    Thanks for the vinegar solution....it worked great

  • @leslieadams1504
    @leslieadams1504 2 года назад

    Glad your lock nut came off so easy. Mine is frozen stuck. Cant get it off.

  • @katherinemoone4155
    @katherinemoone4155 Год назад

    Thanks so much for a detailed and really easy to follow video!

  • @guywithsocks
    @guywithsocks 3 года назад +1

    Had to use a Dremel tool to cut the nut off the strainer. Very hard water in South Texas cemented the nut to the strainer. I tried vinegar, CLR, and the sink strainer specific tools - no dice. Dremel cut through it in a minute 😊

  • @publiusvarrus7801
    @publiusvarrus7801 3 года назад +3

    Great video, the first one i've been able to find with a mounting cup...Still can't get the mounting cup off, but at least i know what it's called now.

  • @ButterCup-f4n
    @ButterCup-f4n 3 года назад

    Thanks for the awesome video, very precise and concise. I feel like I'm a plumber now. I just subscribed. 👍

  • @laurazeller9134
    @laurazeller9134 2 года назад

    Nice clear instruction. Good video shots too. Great video.

  • @franciataveras7496
    @franciataveras7496 4 года назад +1

    Thank you I love the way you explain step by step very clear. I don’t know about the vinegar to use for that

  • @androdiehl6596
    @androdiehl6596 Год назад

    Awesome video man, thanks just did this and it fixed my sink lol.

  • @09agentbill
    @09agentbill 4 года назад +1

    Thanks for making this video. I didn't know that about vinegar. I just sprayed it with PB blaster. About to go see if it's done its job.

    • @EverydayHomeRepairs
      @EverydayHomeRepairs  4 года назад

      How'd it work?

    • @09agentbill
      @09agentbill 4 года назад +2

      @@EverydayHomeRepairs there was too much buildup. I had to skillfully hacksaw it all apart.

    • @EverydayHomeRepairs
      @EverydayHomeRepairs  4 года назад +1

      @@09agentbill Yep, unfortunately, that is what it takes some times. Thanks for responding.

  • @imadumas2
    @imadumas2 2 года назад

    As always , very well explained and thorough!!!!

  • @Allseasonaffair
    @Allseasonaffair 2 года назад

    Thanks for sharing it helped me fix our kitchen sink

  • @smokesignals5569
    @smokesignals5569 9 месяцев назад

    Nice job. Very clear explanations. Thank you!