Another advantage Japan had when it embarked on modernization is that it did not rule over extensive non-Japanese subject populations who were prone to revolt like China did.
@@buglepong Yep, the samurai became beaurecrats which leads to Japanese culture of loyalty from top down, and bottom up. This proved to be highly successful for their society.
Tommykey07, that's because Japan is a smaller country than China. With smaller country meaning, less people to worry about, and more quickly the nation can modernize. Also Japan still has to rule over the Ainus and the Okinawans.
This history shows exactly why the Communists took power in China. Chinese Communism was basically Left-Wing Nationalism, like the anti-colonial movements in Africa and Asia. You don't just want political independence, you also want to take control of your economy that is controlled by foreigners.
The communism brainwash was just too powerful, China always had 100% control over their economy, the war lost to European countries only cost them to pay with land and money.
Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's revolution brought down the Qing Imperium. When Dr. Sun passed, the authority of the Guo Ming Dang went to the Warlord Chiang Kai - Shek. Chiang was educated in Japan, and was at one point a member of the Imperial Japanese Army. Yet , the West decided to Support such a Man as Chiang even while the Japanese were invading China.
@@bot01020 Only Land and Money? As well as the lives of Chinese, their dignity, sovereignty. You ever wonder why the West demonizes Communists? because Chinese Communists would not sell out their Country to Western Capitalists. The moral depravity of the West is evident today, Pornography, propping of Priviledged class at the expense of everyone else. Incoherent national policies to deal with Drug problems, Gun violence and poverty.
@@zl4294 Given that Western Powers had time and again infringed upon the sovereignty of dozens if not hundreds of nations around the world over the last 500 years, I would take their Statistics with a grain a salt. Their aim has always been to divide and conquer, and colonize. The USA and Western powers were clearly supporting Fascists like Chiang Kai Shek, as well as Japanese Fascists.
Not just the economy, but also culture. If you're not Han Chinese then you're not welcome. They've been trying to assimilate other beliefs and ethnicities into becoming more like the Han ever since their foundation. Only recently has this really hit the headlines with the muslim Uyghurs in the west.
It was too large, too polyglot, too diverse to modernize. It was an age of ethno nation states rising and multi ethnic empires declining. Their best hope was for each finger to go its own way and do its own thing.
@@majungasaurusaaaa you say that like imperial China has never had to deal with such circumstances before... and it wasn't the top official being isolationist, corrupt and entitled detachment.
@@ANTSEMUT1 It dealt with them like it always did: Fractioning into smaller parts to then be unified again. Except this time the major powers were moving at a much faster pace. By the time the dust settled, the empire was far behind.
@@majungasaurusaaaa I would say that it was more because of the declining monarchy rather than the army itself. As an incompetent ruler with absolute power would ruin every aspect of the goverment especialy the military.
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
@@tsrssmo but china itself consists in the Han dominating all others. By that logic “China proper” is a fraction of the traditional China as we see it.
@@Nimai_Aquino The way is clear for those who remain stupid and blind. please. Although there are thousands of reasons why you need to know the real story and why China is always kidding and cheating on everything, I can only write one sentence here. The truth of the story has been completely twisted by China. Turkey is also inventing a new story today.
@@bidenator9760 how is it fragile internally? They are one of the most socially cohesive nations right now and public support is extremely high due to the quick economic growth which benefited everyone. Their extremely efficient bureaucracy with its meritocratic system is also rather stable and seems to indicate a pretty powerful state. Their foreign influence is also still rising with new nations getting into their sphere every day. They also don't want more territory aside from Taiwan which they are at war with.
@@bidenator9760 if you look at Chinese history, you will realized that some dynasties had more territory than previous dynasties and some dynasties had less territory than previous dynasties
@@bidenator9760 Dynasties come and go, but the civilization remains. When one dynasty falls, another dynasty will rise and continue the civilization. Almost every Chinese dynasty have one "golden age(prosperity, economic growth, cultural renaissance)" that enriched itself and one "dark age(internal conflicts, corruption, foreign invasions, civil wars and peasant uprisings)" that caused its downfall.
Revolts (including those with religious motivation), corruption, external interventions and the attempts to politically and militarily modernize which didn't stop the eventual demise- all these remind me of the fall of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
Qianlong reigned too long. Maybe a younger more curious emperor would have been more interested with the McCartney expedition in 1793 and made modernizing the empire a priority. Having an old codger like Qianlong and you have a resistance to change, plus corrupt officials like Heshen who could take advantage of the situation.
He’s successor Jiaqing was on the throne just a few years after and despite being middle aged when McCartney arrived, he showed no interest in Europe. His ancestors Kangxi and Yongzhen were both impressed by European technologies but saw opening up would threaten their rule as the ethnic Han majority on the coast would be influenced by them. The Taiping Rebellion proved their fear was not unjustified.
Another difference between the implementation of reforms of Japan and China was that, In Japan, westernization coincided with its efforts in restructuring the country from a feudalist society to a centralized monarchy. In China however, feudalism ended two thousand years ago. By the time of its interaction with the west, China has been a highly centralized state for two millennia, any political or social reform would only be perceived through the lens of maintaining the status quo, for the ruling class see no other benefit.
@@Motofanable I remember reading in history class that the Yamato people from Kansai (the main ancestors of what eventually becomes the Japanese) in the early 6-9th Century even adopted the ways of the native Emishis in the Tohoku region when they settled there. Not to mention it adopted much of Western tech during the Sengoku Period, and even researched via the Dutch (Dutch Studies, or Rangaku) during the Edo Period. So the precedent has always been there, if not the extent.
They were very feudalistic though. The Qing took power from the Ming because the Ming relied on officals that were like fuedal lords who raised and lead their own armies, the Qing won in large part thanks to generals like Wu Sangui who defected and brought armies with them to fight their own emperor. The Qing did much the same with their banner armies who were like their own national armies separate from the emperors own force, the green standard army, and acted more like junior allied forces in a coalition (sort of like Free French forces or Polish forces under American or British command). The Chinese tributary system was founded on the idea of sending well trained bureaucrats to other countries to represent the Chinese imperial authority without direct command. The Qing declined over time and part of that decline was due to increasingly decentralized authority. The Qing soldiers performed so poorly against western armies largely thanks to generals having little to no oversight from the government but being expected to win so they were indecisive. There was no central command so generals were like independent nations making their own decisions and they had little to no overarching plans beyond "fight enemy, win" so armies didnt help each other or coordinate their efforts much and even when the empire was doing well generals often competed for favor from the emperor and that could lead to conflict. The Qing would later suffer terribly from a problem that also plagued the romans: generals and officers would often steal funds meant for their men and equipment so the armies were poorly supplied, poorly equipped, and poorly paid. This meant that regardless of funding the army was of poor quality; when times were good they could rely on decent moral and raw numbers of conscripts to crush the enemy but when funding was low their moral and supplies were non-existent. When they faced well trained, disciplined, and well equipped western forces they often crumbled right away because of this. Towards the end of the Qing the "warlord era" started entirely due to the increased decentralization of the empire to the point that the Xinhai Revolution lead to the country more or less shattering into separate kingdoms ruled by different warlords. The Japanese and communists performed so well against those warlords because those warlords themselves had decentralized leaderships that they inherited from the Qing: generals stole money meant for the officers, officers stole money meant for the soldiers, and everyone sold equipment and supplies meant for the army, and soldiers stole form citizens just to survive. The Qing and Ming might have had some periods of centralized authority but they were more the exception then the rule. The size of the country and conquests of foreign countries like Xinjiang, Tibet, and inclusion of Manchuria lead to the empire being much like the Holy Roman Empire: more like a confederation of different nations with different armies all under 1 emperor then they were like a single nation with a central authority.
@@arthas640 what you are talking about is the yong(private army), the bing(national army) exist as well. yong are temporary force, and are raise because the treasury could not field a standing army. they are not the cause of decline but the result of decline. the reason being that banner are hereditary like samurai, which are alot more expensive to maintain. as army adopted firearm that depend more like drilling then personal valor, hereditary solider became a liability as their cost mean u will not want to throw them into battle, which lead to even more dependent on green banner and yong troop. the emperor seek to remove the banner system, and that led to a coup against him. thus it is not like there isn't an understanding of the problem, it is simply that the hereditary army of qing is too well connected and entrench in the government to be dispose, and the official they are connnected to understand that if the emperor were to raise a professional army, he would need to reduce their power in court, hence they strike first.
@@sinoroman yes , Guangxu tried to modernizing china like japan and the west including reducing cixi's power in government , new industrialisation , military and civil service and opening chinese port and end the age of isolation from outside world. He even agreed to changes the government style from absolute to be more constitutional
Contrary to popular belief, Cixi is not really the fault. As modernisation effort was too drastic enough, this garnered opposition among top Qing officials, Manchu princes, and Han literati who then rallied under Dowager Empress as the head. Even if Cixi does not support them, it is very likely Manchu princes are too prepared to launch a coup. Hence, the Yuan Shikai is seen as strong counterbalance force to quell such opposition. However, the Emperor and his reformers are just too few. Yuan Shikai obviously picked the winner side for his future career. What if Guangxu has managed to push his reforms? They are too idealistic without real grasp of reality and the reforms will not be much success because they alienate much of the population and Confucian thinking. Kang Youwei is too arrogant and idealistic to carry out the reform effectively. Bear in mind, the Imperial Court is too slow and corrupt to strengthen itself. Guangxu has too wishful thinking and unable to balance reform with tactfulness. The reforms are literally directionless without an actual outcome. They can buy the best weapons and equipment but they don’t have the right mindset to utilise them. They have yet to temper Oriental wisdom with Western pragmatism.
@@aarontam6473 Cixi was not to take 100% of the blame, but she had way too much power and was extremely selfish and definitely responsible for why Qing China failed to modernize. She splurged money on whatever the hell she wanted while most people during the late Qing were broke and starving. She blew tons of money on her 60th birthday while in Japan, the empress donated her valuables to fund the war effort.
Speaking about the Chinese navy, in 1880 they ordered the ironclad battleships Dingyuan and Zhenyuan from a German shipbuilder. However, due to the breakout of the Sino-French War, Germany confiscated them to prevent tensions. Considering that the opposing French fleet comprised of smaller, more obsolete vessels, they might have proven effective during the war. Their existence made the Chinese fleet actually superior to the Japanese fleet in 1895, as the Japanese opted to build cruisers with battleship guns instead of battleships. Thing is, although Japanese heavy guns proved lackluster, lighter guns proved more effective, and Chinese command and training problems didn't help either. Therefore, the two major naval battles, Yalu River and Weihaiwei, went to the Japanese.
Same happen with the Tsar no.? They have more and better ships than Japan when they travel from black sea. But low morale and low seawarfare training making them an easy target for IJN warships.
@@satriorama4118 Japanese ships were better at Tsushima if that is what you are referencing. The Japanese also had far better seamanship than either the Chinese or the Russians of this era of course but they also had better ships. Remember for the major engagement the Russians were fighting with their Baltic fleet which was completely unprepared to sail all the way to the Pacific let alone fight in the Pacific.
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
Very well made, and you really offered a pretty comprehensive review of that period. There was always an underlying Manchu vs Han struggle underneath all these events. The ruling Manchus were essentially the colonizer of China, and they would rather lose to another colonial power than to those they colonized.
If Qing ruled over China for 500 years, I don't doubt China will be like India right now with a functional caste system, so I have to say we are very lucky, or maybe Han Chinese are not so gullible.
@@ANTSEMUT1 the issue is the hereditary soldier, the banner system. the vested interest is what prevent the emperor from instituting a professional 'chinese' army. "beiyang" was a small army when you consider how many soldier is on qing's paycheck. yet they could become dominance, this show the gap between the hereditary manchu soldier and the professional qing army... in short the emperor know, but the manchu clans has their interest to stay on the paycheck... and so doom their dynasty....
Hey Jabzy. I remember your channel when it was just you talking into a camera traveling the world. Glad to see it evolve. Would like to see some of that old school content if you are able to.
It's very interesting to watch this history from this point of view. As someone who lives there, we know this history but the angle of view is very different. What we are told is more from a view that only focus on within the border scope, through the eyes of the emperor or the government at that time, with predefined judgment and emotion. Our commonly told narrative is more like "bad people make useless incidents one after another, just to disturb and distract the emperor, so he cannot focus on the big things, they are annoying bad people" . While the view in the video is more vast and multi-directional, and international of course, situation is indeed very bad from a long time ago, things happen for a reason. I think this is more objective, and it's very interesting and informative to someone who already know part of this history. 1 thing to mention: The correct pronunciation of Cixi is "Tsiz Shei" not "cici". Just assume you would like to know.
It would very very intersting to watch videos on this topic froma a chinese source, with chinese audio and european subs or directly in european languages
@@dersven4122 I believe there are a lot of such documentary in China, but the angle would be very different. Actually I think the foreign versions would be better because it will be less emotional and less bias. There is a tradition of altering history narrative in China from a very very long time ago. In the ancient years, whenever a regime changed, there will always be a big censorship/alteration/modification to the "imperial/official history" books. Events are changed, deleted or newly made to suit the new narrative. If you ever managed to watch a Chinese version of this history, the angle will be either "Emperor and Imperial families are so stupid and bad" (to support/justify the later revolution - the rise of Republic of China, and later the Communist China), or "Foreign powers want to destroy/split/slave all of us" (to promote nationalism/patriotism). I'd suggest go with TV-shows, because shows don't have to reflect the "history", it has more freedom than a documentary, a lot of shows are actually very good. And you can look at stuffs from Taiwan side, there things are just better.
I'm sorry but I don't know where you learnt your version of history. I dare you to find any narrative on Chinese history text book that says the emperor ends is solo due to some 'bad people'. There's always tons of interpretations on my text book that explains why the empire has to end and why capitalism had to come. It's not decided by some people but a inevitable trend of development in world productivity and economy. Just because you can't remember what was taught over and over again in high school doesn't mean it's not there.
They closed off trade when they were strong, because they were afraid other might steal their trades and knowledge, but as a result they fell behind just like Japan did when they closed their boarder and trade
They were already behind before they closed off trade and fell even further behind. They just didn't know it yet. The fact that they didn't know it was a symptom of their behindness.
@@73elephants not quite, they weren’t really behind, both economics productivity as well as technology and military, they did get a lot of foreign technology like guns and cannons into China, but remember, even two hundred years later, they still had products that the rest of the world wants, they just no longer had the military power to prevent the down right robbery like deals they were forced into, so in fact, if they didn’t close of trade, they would have been able to kept up with the technology as well as military power, since they had enough wealth and products to trade for those, They beat Russia at early Qing in terms of military, while Russians had guns and Qings mostly didn’t, silk trade, China trade, tea trade, any one of those would have been able to support imports, let alone all three
@@KageNoTenshi Beating Russia in a small war in Russia's Far East in the late 17th century is not evidence that China was on a par with the West at that time. Russia was not very populous, and it was pretty far behind the West in economic and technological development even then, let alone after the industrial revolution got under way in the late 18th & early 19th centuries.
@@73elephants no but they weren’t the push over they were much later, and having strong economy is the back bones of having strong military/ country, that’s pretty much in the art of war,
@@73elephants any technological advances would have made their way into China via trade if they didn’t close it off, and they had many things they could trade and thus would ensure others would trade with them, and within a generation or two, those technological advances would have been not only made it into China, but copied learned improved and possibly even surpass where they came from, which is basically what happened in the last century, it’s not magic, it’s having the backbone of a huge population and economy, and China during early Qing was much much much stronger in terms of economy than China at the beginning of the last century,
4:30 Interesting fact about the Sino-Nepalese War. Nepal actually faced overwhelming odds during the war. The Nepalese were facing their own rebellion and it was as worse as the rebellion Qing was facing, but the difference is that Qing had lots of resources and manpower while Nepal didn't. The Qing Emperor sent 70,000 soldiers while Nepal could only muster less than 30,000 soldiers. During the war, when Qing was approaching with their massive army, a Nepalese force of fewer than 200 soldiers used a tactic where their soldiers carried lit torches in their hands, tying them to the branches of trees, and tying flaming torches on the horns of domestic animals and driving them towards the enemy. This proved very effective and the Qing army suffered defeat.
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
It's always a bit crazy how often the Chinese, especially the Qing, had insane numerical superiority but suffered massive casualties. During most of their wars with Europeans the Europeans were usually outnumbered 10:1 but even in battles where the Chinese held numerical superiority, home field advantage, were entrenched or in a fortress, and had supplies they'd still often take massive causalities and lose. There was a battle during the First Opium War where the Chinese took heavy casualties while the only British casualties were from a cannon overheating and cooking off the ammo, some battles with the British saw the Chinese taking nearly 100x as many casualties despite having 5-10x as many men. Even in battles where the Qing had modern rifles they often faced on sided battles.
Which rebellion are you talking about? Also the incident you are talking of is of the previous Sino Nepal war. China did not do much to assist Tibet in this war, and the tibetans were defeated and had to pay tribute to Nepal.
@@saradadhakal4748 Tibet has been under Chinese rule since 1720, Qing rule over Tibet was used as the PRC's claim to the region today and as justification for their invasion in the 1950s since the ROC claimed to be the legal successor to Imperial China and the PRC claims to be the inheritor of those succession claims.
Vanilla civ3 has many dead ends for units. Swordsmen and Longbowmen were among them. Since the AI never disbands voluntarily it runs around with tons of them.
@@shadowlord1418 Civ3 is fun and the easiest Civ game to get started in. Still playable today. It's not perfect (nothing is), but it's AI is at least competent enough to put up a fight.
This is a pretty cool documentary Jazby, but do you think you can put the sources you used in the description? I just want to be able to learn more about the topics that were discussed. I hope you understand... Keep up the great work!!!
Imagine how terrible the situations of famine and poverty were, that you’d be willing to spare your own child the lengthy withering death for a short one.
reading about the great leap forward and cultural revolution are both insane. Cannibalism was rife, I've read stories of peoples children and other family members dying and even if they were able to bury the dead they'd sometimes find the graves empty right after as neighbors stole the body. I've read others where bandits, government officials, or others with food would sometimes go into towns and villages without even talking to anyone with the village being a ghost town because the people were too weak to even do anything so they'd just watch the strangers from where they lay. Parents sold their children as slaves or even food just to survive themselves and it wasnt unusual for the elderly to be left to starve or even be killed so the more able bodied relatives could survive.
As a coin collector, I specialize in the coins of Sinkiang/Xinjiang. The issues of Yaqub Beg, including his copper Falus, silver Tanga, and gold Tanga, all bear the inscription of allegiance to the Ottoman Sultan, Abdul Aziz. He was considered the overlord for Yaqub Beg. Also, interestingly, Yaqub Beg killed the previous Muslim Hotan Habibullah before gaining full power around Kashgar/Kashi. Quite cool to see the transfer of regional power and the geopolitics! After all, in 1884, Sinkiang would be a province.
That is what is happening all over the west right now. Screaming to our political leader that this isn't fine have so far only rendered us sour throats, they refuse to listen. Nepotism and party lojalty are at an all time high and any real opposition constantly demonised in the government loyal press.
@@michaelpettersson4919 The West claims free Market capitalism and democracy. But in effect, Western society is marked by Crony Capitalism and a slide towards Fascism.
@@michaelpettersson4919 The lies that are told by these Crony Capitalists of China's Communist party are innumerable. Anyone who grew up in the West should know by now we've been lied to our entire lives.
Loving your videos Jabzy! It's great to finally see you got loads of views on your last China documentary video. How far will the final China video go? Up to the end of the Chinese civil war? The end of the cold war in 1991? The handover of Hong Kong 1997 Macao 1999? Or all the way up to 2021?
There really should be a fourth video, as there's so much to be said about the CPC's Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution (where a then Party-estranged Mao literally called the people to "bombard the headquarters" in violent uprising), the successful coopting of global recognition, 1989, and the various clashes with Táiwān the whole time 🇨🇳 Not sure if the post-Mainland ROC will even fit, as it has quite a fascinating history of its own: KMT corruption and authoritarianism, evacuation of China's wealth, the invasive retreat and 2/28, the West's dismissal and abandonment of the ROC until the Korean War made Communists a worldwide "threat to democracy", almost 3 decades as America's "permanent aircraft carrier", its loss of status as a "nation", the successful transition to democracy, and the growing distance they have with their Mainland "compatriots" 🇹🇼
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
The Qing was rotting from the inside. When the white terror invaded, all that was left was a fragile hollow shell that collapsed at the slightest touch.
It is rotting but it was stable. The great part about the corrupt officials was that they kept the status quo. Whatever goes against the status quo was deemed as a threat to their hold on their power. Even emperors were no match against the combined power of the officials when it comes to upholding the norms. I even read that the Emperor's power reach could only control the large cities. For the countryside, it was the world of the gentry. Their words are even above that of the Emperors because they have control over what gets done and implemented.
As always great video. One thing though, during the Formosa Expedition the specific Taiwanese Aboriginals involved were Paiwan. Let's hear their name not just Aboriginals.
"Aboriginal" is a generic term for "native" or "indigenous". It makes sense to use those terms since most people wont know who the Paiwan are so keeping things a little generic makes it easier to understand, especially considering how little most people know about Taiwan in general before e the end of the Chinese Civil War.
system hacker is more accurate to describe him cause Christianity is just an excuse just like the old way back in history( yellow banner, white lotus and etc.).
@@yeshiyangzom8532 Nope, genetic studies show that Hakkas are Chinesefied Miao-Yao people and some other southern natives, they have been blending with Chinese immigrants from the north for centuries but till now 70%+ of their DNA still remains aboriginal
I have read an argument that if the young emperor had not neglected the modernised fleet built up by Cixi in the 1890s China may have won the naval war against Japan, which would have built support and national confidence and strengthened the modernising party in the government.
@@satriorama4118 They wouldn't help Japan considering Japan also seized western colonial holdings in the Pacific, or liberated depending on your perspective.
@@MK_ULTRA420 which one of western colonial territory Japan take IN 1900.? The newest territory Japan get outside the 4 main island before Sino Japan war or Russo Japan war are Ryukyu island in 1609.
I came across yours videos for which I'm thankful. You do loads of research which I appreciate for you. You even talked about Nepal tibet war man keep your works up🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼
Me before this video : the century of humiliation Me after this video : the centuries of C L O W N How china didn't collapsed 20 time with all thoses disasters is a mystery.
through out thousands of years, it's almost like china was being held together by some higher power. no matter how shattered it is, it will eventually come together again.
actually, it was the British who helped Qing Dynasty to maintain its ruling. With Qing government, British could gain enough benefits from China without spending money on building a colonial government like they did in India.
@@VezVezar Really have to thank Qing for the map China have now. Even though the textbooks emphasize on how much land Qing lost, the land Qing had, in the end, was still much larger than Ming, and pretty much most of the previous dynasties (probably only Yuan was larger).
Thank you jabzy for these forgotten flashes of history that you give us In fact, when I read Chinese history, I see that the history of my country (Morocco) is a miniature version of China, or rather Morocco is an African version of China. Because the history of our two countries is similar in many points, Except for communism
Can someone please do the math and see how many Chinese lives were lost during the Century of Humiliation? The number lives lost from all the internal conflict, Western intervention, Japanese aggression and famine are so unimaginable. I always think how out of those hundreds of millions of people who died could’ve made some major difference in this world and we’d be in a much better place today. All that just to be followed up by the tail end of the Chinese Civil War and the Great Leap Forward…
China is pretty universally recognised as a land of famine, with a large-scale famine occuring roughly every decade for multiple millenia. The death-count cannot be put into numbers, but thankfully it is no longer a land of famine. Not that everything is perfect, but it's a start.
having removed myself from the handicap of western national superiority, I came to the conclusion that china is hampered by its own population, both its biggest weakness and biggest strength, and that if it ever mastered the overwhelming weight of its people and wealth of its land it would dominate the world and rightly so, and if it had a good leader that didn't wage endless war that I as an American wouldn't mind my country being made second best, but for now it seems as tho a second cold war is brewing which for now is mostly economic in nature
Moral of the Story: Unity is always more important than Diversity and that religious and cultural practices should always be permitted as long as it isn't hurting anyone.
The Qing dynasty was very strong in the beginning. It conquered a huge area in South Asia. However, corruption, internal power struggle, distrust between the Manchu and the Han, conservatism, incompetent leadership. These all lead to the fall of the empire. Now China is using this chapter as a lesson learnt.
@@imrankh68 Tibet and China have been in a low grade war with one another for 1300 years at least. I mean, Tibet conquered China back then. But don’t ask the Chinese about their historical borders. They’ll want to claim all of it.
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
There were a few modern equipped regiments in late Qing China; full compliment of rifles for each company and adequate training and discipline. However, these "elite" troops were very much in the minority in the Qing army as a whole, which were mostly a motley collection of adventurers and scoundrels without fire-power.
What Zhang Zhidong advocated for really says it best in contrast to what the reformers wanted: "keep the old teachings as fundamentals while taking in practical Western methods only" (舊學為體，新學為用). This really shows that while Japan took the humiliation of Commodore Perry's sailing into Edo seriously and were willing to make whatever leaps necessary to achieve parity with Western nations during the Meiji Restoration, including overthrowing their own Shogunate and abolishing the long-standing traditional Samurai caste, the Qing were willing to take only surface level steps to modernization but was not ready or not willing to give up their traditional hierarchy, benefits or beliefs to achieve it. Furthermore, the traditionalists feared (like Empress Cixi did) that doing so would see another mass purge of anti-reformers throughout China, as had happened with the Taiping Rebellion only 20-30 years previous and with the Reign of Terror during the French Revolutionary period, and the reformers in turn were not prepared to or did not want to answer the question of what should happen to the conservatives either during their reforms, leading to all kinds of pushback.
Why would this be a priority to a western education program, even a world history class? You know school is more than just history. Kids need to sleep lol if we were to teach them everything they NEED to know in school regarding world history, they would be in a history class as long as Chinese children are in normal classes lol and I think they they go for 12 hours a day.
Thank you Jabzy! Very nice video for us to review the history of China in 19th century. One thing to be mentioned is there are many subtleties in Mandarin Pinyin which makes non native speakers confusing. "X"ian F"e"ng was pronounced wrongly. "e" in Mandarin pinyin is pronounced not as [e] ("ending"), but always a [ə] ("her", "Mercedes", "Herschel"), except for "en" which pronounces between English [e] and English [ə]. X,J,Q are pronounced as [s/dz/ts] when followed by "i", and [ʃ/dʒ/tʃ] when followed by "u" (actually pronounced as German "ü" - close front rounded vowel [y]). "Quan" is a very tricky syllable, many people pronounce as [kwan] as its spelling is close to "Queen". Actually it pronounces as [tʃyʌ n] or [tʃyen]. The latter [tʃyen] is preferred because speaker feels not so comfortable when combining [i/y] with [ʌ n], therefore Mandarin replaces [iʌ n] or [yʌ n] with [ien] or [yen]. X/J/Q pronounce essentially similar as their counterparts S/Z[dz]/C[ts], they are adopted in Pinyin primarily for: Differentiating affricate/fricative consonants with [i] (Xi = Si in English) vs extended consonants without a vowel (Si = Ss or ß in German). The rule in Pinyin is that a consonant always follow a vowel, so "i" in "Si" is considered as a dummy vowel. Differentiating [u] (Su) and [y] (Xu = Sü). Therefore "u" in Pinyin is always pronounced as [u] (eg. "fool") except when it follows X/J/Q and serves as replacement for "ü". In Chinese passports, "Lü/Nü" are written as "Lyu/Nyu", which should be differentiated from "Liu/Niu" (pronounced as English "Leo" and "Neo"). "un" is not pronounced as [ʌ n]("under"), but is considered an abbreviation of Pinyin "uen/wen", you can mimic it by pronouncing intermediate pronounciation between [e] and [ə]. "ui" is not [ui], but an abbreviation of Pinyin "wei/uei" [wei], pronounced the same as "way" in English. "iu" is not [iu], but an abbreviation of Pinyin "you/iou" [iəu], pronounced the same as "yoyo", similar to "Leo" in English.
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
@Wurstdämon of the Abyss Even though chang like all leaders with unlimited power became corrupt I think he was more effective and chinese then the CCP. As Chang was even defending and withdrawing all the chinese artifacts west during ww2 while the CCP destroyed most of them in the cultural revaluation. Also if you see what happens in Taiwan under the KMT vs the rest of China under the CCP. Taiwan is better first it didn't have to endure the great leap thurver and the cultural revaluation and had economic liberalization earlier. Second it is an actual democracy as the KMT in the end relinquished power. while the CCP under Po the bear. Only tighten it's grip and made China more Orwellian.
@Wurstdämon of the Abyss of course i don't take my news from CNN. on china i took a lot of it from serpentza some one who lives in china. but even without watching him i see how Hollywood the NBA WWE stars John sienna bow their head to china. how the most virtue signaling people in the world shut up when it's about Hong Kong, Taiwan, Tibet or literal geocide in west china. i saw how the police in china put people in chair cages for criticizing the government. the Social Credit System is in beta phase but that's not a reason to discount it. i saw how china banned south park for an episode on china. there's the Covid shenanigans. China billionaires like Jack Ma disappear. there is a lot of bad stuff coming from CCP china. and mostly cause it's intentional like in the video polymatter did about Chinas National Insecurity how it's about looking tough to the outside trying to act like the china's wolf warrior in his film they want to stoke nationalism for support at home. mostly cause it has problems from the one child policy, dependence on the housing bubble and water shortages and they can't admit that they failed. that's what you get when you have communist's in power.
some people cant argue with facts, because they themselves know they don't have any, so they resort to ad hominem attacks. Or are they actually the paid shill themselves, that's why they have no facts and therefore the need to project their sad life on others? truly pathetic. @Sven Hans
The Vietnamese empire was a historical multiethnic state that spanned from 1802 to 1885. At its height (1835), its territories were a duplication of the French Indochina. (Christopher Goscha, 2016: Vietnam a New History). Richard Hiley (1843): The Annamite Empire is 350,000 squaremiles in areas.
Those are great drawings, but perhaps I can help with that. But my suggestion for you is to use pictures or rare photos or even portraits of the people you’re talking about
Jabzy, this is an incredible video, and I now want to learn more about this time period. What books and resources would you recommend to read to better understand the collapse of the Qing dynasty?
One book to check out would be: "God's Chinese Son" by author Johnathan D. Spence which chronicles the largest uprising in human history, The Taiping Rebellion of 1845-64. Another book to read might be: "The Immobile Empire" by author Alain Peyrefitte.
Interesting account of Cixi's role in late imperial China here. I feel that she is often depicted as part of the problem instead of someone who tried to bring China into the modern world. (That said, she could nevertheless still be part of the problem of corruption, poor management, and the broader lack of legitimacy of the Manchu government.)
I dont believe she had as much power as people want to make it seem , if she had tried to moderisze too fast they would have take her out by accusing her of being sell out to west or too weak or ot know how to gover , cixi in my opinion was just face of others behind curtains
The ethnic policy of the Qing Dynasty is a double-edged sword. It allowed the Qing Dynasty to have a vast territory, resulting in the lack of strong external threats to the empire for a long time.The emperor tried but failed to maintain Manchu traditions.For the status of the imperial power, the Aixinjueluo family had to use the policy of division to maintain the balance of political power.After a series of reforms in the military system, the lack of combat effectiveness and scattered troops,army like this more in line with the interests of the Aixinjueluo family
Cixi took the money earmarked to build a navy and instead remodeled the summer palace to remake it as a shrine to western imperialism and Chinese grievances
Important to say, the summer palace was burned down as a reaction to the execution of British diplomats, who were sent to the Chinese government to negotiate, but were executed by Lingchi method. Quite long and horrible death.
It does bug me how Imperial China did a ton of arrogant, deceitful, or amoral actions but those tend to be overlooked out of some sense of guilt over how they were treated by the west later. A big reason for the century of humiliation were the Opium Wars which were largely caused by restrictive, unfair, one sided trade deals by the Imperial government and due to how they treated any attempts at negotiation or diplomacy. The Imperial government viewed western traders as tributaries and barbarians from outside of the civilized world (aka the Sinosphere) and the rebuffed any attempts at diplomacy. It took losing multiple wars to massively inferior forces before the Imperial government even started realized how outdated they were. They also mistreated many foreign dignitaries. Even in east Asia and even outside of there it was common courtesy to treat diplomats and envoys with respect and killing them was a huge taboo even as far back as the bronze age (Genghis Khan killed a ton of the rulers of one country after the executed a few of his diplomats for example). It was also fairly rare outside of China for a ruler to demand diplomats grovel before them since that was viewed as disrespectful to the ruler who sent the diplomats as they represented that ruler. The Chinese however refused for the longest time to even see a western diplomat and when they did they demanded they kowtow (grovel on their knees and bow until their head touched the floor) which was an act of submission most western rulers wouldnt even expect from servants or slaves, much less a foreign dignitary and was pretty extreme even in Asia.
@@Random-kt9fg true, but it should be avoided. The US and UK have tons of inventions and re-inventions (sometimes things were invented, the technology was lost, then got invented again such as steam engines) under their belts but most people, including many Americans and British people, will criticize their cultural exceptionalism. Arrogance can also easily lead to complacency. Using the US as an example they underestimated China and North Korea before the Korean war, and the US along with most of the world underestimated Japan both before the Russo-Japanese war and before WW2 which cost them dearly. Ideally you wont over estimate a country either since that can be just as dangerous, many countries overestimated modern Russia and it's allowed them to bully countries for years, and they did the same with the Soviets even after they had a steep decline starting around the 70s which allowed them to still act like a superpower despite only being marginally above Japan economically and largely losing their military edge.
I am a Chinese history student. This period of China is somehow becoming more sensitive under the pressure of Chinese nationalism and the influence of Xi's "China Dream" (something like China great again). For example, when I was still in secondary school, we are free and encouraged to discuss different aspects of the Opium war, like the diplomatic differences between Britain and China, or to what extent the strict policy of China toward foreigners provoked the war, etc. But such perspectives are now "banned", or "censored", students are not encouraged to discuss any historical view that might damage the "national pride of Chinese". :/
@@李思墨 not really…the textbook had censored all negative descriptions toward Qing China and PRC, so I think that’s not just a generation gap but an intended censorship
@@mats8326 I mean, I had speeches unique words about historical topics when I was studying the history. But in fact it was too young for me to realize what these means for our nation, I just talking like that to feel I’m special, not allowing other’s contracts. Teenagers will grow up and forget something and gain more stance , it’s not necessary to take it so seriously
That really sucks. A country banning freedom of ideas is never good. I really dislike Xi's new brand of authoritarian nationalism. Hope China rides out this recent trend and gets back to being awesome.
Good video! Btw, Canton is a province of China, and Cantonese is not an ethnic group but just the people who live in Canton province. Most Cantonese are Han people.
The area of Okinawa was already under the Japanese Satsuma Han since the early 1600's. When the Han were turned into provinces rather than quisi independent areas, The Japanese government assumed direct control, so the Okinawa was actually under Japanese for over 200 year by that time.
@@mamborambo To use English pronunciations, it's better to pronounce Cixi like "Tser - Shee". (Source; I am a Singaporean Chinese, grew up with both English & Mandarin)
@@spacecraftcarrier4135 Yours is actually a very good way to render it. Better than mine. Source: A native English speaker who lived in China a few years and studies it on and off as an amateur.
It's just a reason for rebellion, it can be anything, as long as it can unite people under the banner. It can be a stone tablet, a comet, a fable or anything else
@@emilchen9866 even with the Korean royal court constantly try to hamstring Admiral Yi because they feared him gaining too much influence. Which makes Yi's feats against the invading Japanese and ultimately defeating them even more impressive.
Japan has lost 2 Korean war and only won 1 in 19th century, the first one, Battle of Baekgang, defeated by a few number of Chinese Tang troops: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baekgang the second one, the Imjin war, everyone knows the resultat,
Japan *goes to bully Korea Ming China: *Chinese is pushing cannons Japan: Why do I hear boss music? but Joseon koreans: KoREa cOUld BEat japAn bECaUse of AdMMMMrial Yi XDDDDD
Do a video about the Weimar Republic. Since it existed between WW1 and 2, people focus too much on its internal and economic problems that lead to the rise of the Nazis. But all they did was centralise control under new leadership, the structure of the government and armed forces were mostly the same and functional but the Nazis made much more efficient at doing their goals.
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
From my perspective, The Humiliation could avoid as long as two conditions are met. 1. Centralized reform: Qing still believed in traditionalism supremacy and saw other races as savages barbaric. [Change this as it will be okay] 2. Power in the hand of evil Cixi: the empress holds all the power but she never set foot outside the royal palace. This means she never knew the terror of the foreign power. When change must happen, She still oblivious to the fact that her old empire was outdated and still live in an extravagant luxury lifestyle. [Joking...The Qing ordered a British warship but the Qing spent all the money for Cixi's 60th birthday......If she gave half of the money, The Qing could buy 20 - 30 of this warship to win against the Japanese]
Hey Jabzy, love your channel!! Amazing content. Just one thing I noticed with this video, there's a high frequency tone playing in the background of this video which gave me a headache. Lol.
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
Institutions, institutions, institutions! I can't possibly stress just how important this is to a nation. A good example is how Russia could have easily dominated Europe but couldn't because of serfdom and alcoholism that was encouraged by the ruling class. Even in today's world you can see institutions falling apart in the United States and the results of that.
Same goes for Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth, their refusal to modernise and improve administration, with growing stagnation, made them completely unprepared for XVIII century, and quite possibly even XVII century.
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
No , The present Australia administration has been sending contacts regularly for a meeting to restored the relationship ASAP. China is taking its time.
the fascinating thing about China is that it can be humiliated, it can be subjugated, but gives it time, it will always find its way back to the top. Talking about the history's most resilient civilisation :)
unlikely their population would be that much higher, even with modern industrial farming, canals and irrigation systems, and decades of investment in agriculture as well as subsidies China still cant feed themselves and havent for a long time. Currently they have a food deficit of around $40bil, which if anything is artificially low since they import mainly cheap food stuffs (rice, corn, soy, cheap seafood) from poor neighbors. Even now the leadership in China is worried about food security, they're already over exploiting their water resources and the land is degrading far faster than in places like the US (for example the US was experiencing loss of top soil and lowering water tables in the 1910s and 1920s thanks to industrialized farming whereas in China it didnt start to become a major issue until the 60s and 70s and didnt really pick up until the last 20-30 years). They're also already farming in areas that really shouldnt be farmed intensely, like inner Mongolia and Manchuria where the steppes are being torn apart and desertifying. China has experienced so many famines largely because their rivers, climate, flood plains, and rich soil allowed for intensive farming including double cropping rice every year (normally you can only plant grain in the same plot of land a few times even with fertilizer before it needs to be left fallow) which left them with a population so large the land could barely support them even with trading for food and with a rich coastline with tons of seafood, so any disaster leads to mass famines. That's the reason for the 1 child policy: it wasnt about preventing over population so much as China's population was already so large the leaders were terrified about famine and food security so they reigned in the population while also trying to increase food productivity. It's unlikely their population would be much larger than it is today regardless of what they did, there's only so much food they could grow before modern fertilizers and industrialized farming and even with those they're at they're past capacity. They wouldnt be much larger although they'd likely have hit a high water mark faster.
I think some emperors of Qing are good or great for a traditional monarchy country, but it is 19th century, a minority emperor can hardly call up the whole power of main race in such a huge country.
Actually, people should respect to the result of current government of China. Chinese people just suffer too much. They go through nearly all possible forms of governments with the cost of lives. They also come out from the communist wave around 1990. Their civil war still not end till today. And finally, they settle with current one. It might not be the best. But that’s enough. And they just want a peaceful time after one century hard live and recover without crazy government change.
The thing is, if China has peace it will prosper a lot now, because it has been experiencing a great fall for two centuries. That’s why lots of rich fearing foreign nations won’t want China to have internal peace at all. And they know what they did to China.
Ci'an is the former Empress, the chief wife whereas Ci'xi was a mere concubine, politically speaking Ci'xi is below those of Ci'an, where decisions could be made unilaterally by Ci'an but Ci'xi's decision must be in joint with Ci'an.
An a citizen of India, I carry huge respect to Chinese people. I hope Chinese people and India resolve all the pending issues without further humiliating each other for short term gains because in long run - We both will regain our past glory sooner or later.
When the United States wants to do bad things to China, he will find ways to make China and India conflict. In the past, although the problems between China and India existed, they did not have such big conflicts. Personal views from Chinese citizens.
@@ricofok5709 It's a very easy thing to simply point to an external rival and just claim that they're fermenting conflict. The reality in this case is different, China and India's issues have always existed, but China's issues with India coincides with China's more aggressive foreign policy. The fact is that China whittled a LOT of its external good will with its so-called Wolf Warrior Diplomacy. The US was not needed in that regard at all when China was so busy shooting itself in the foot.
If McCartney actually bowed and bring something more useful than some clock and globe then maybe Qing would have a alliance with British. Imagine him showing the emperor a steam-engine or some newest gunship.
Chinese historian Taisu Zhang argued that, contrary to expectation, Qing was a weak fiscal state by demonstrating that it only collected on average 1% of its GDP as taxation. Comparable empires like Ottoman and Britain collected around 20% at the same period. There was an ideological reason for fear of high tax because the preceding Ming dynasty, the Qing officialdom reasoned, collapsed due to heavy taxation.
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
@@tsrssmo I can see where you are coming from. The de jure China recognized in the UN does not square with the China defined by territories historically controlled by Han Chinese. I believe their inconsistency is a source of major political and territorial contestations. Even by ccp's standards, it has failed to achieve the multinational republics since since the collapse of the USSR.
Great video my dude. Can’t wait for the Warlord period video since I know almosy nothing about it. I hope you will continue making China history videos up to the point of Xi Jipeng declaring himself President for life.
The sense of inevitability that people equate to historical events is mistaken in almost all cases, it is quite easy for any people in any age with the full benefit of hindsight to look back and think "this was always going to happen" when in reality there is often a multi-faceted explanation for why things turn out the way they do in their own time period. There were several points during the decline of the Qing where had better decisions been made it was at least possible to turn things around, it was certainly going to be a hard road regardless, as the Qing were facing internal rebellions, internal corruption on a massive level from officials, and external forces from the West at the same time, but none of these factors separately or together made the downfall of the Qing inevitable.
The Manchu Emperor can't control everything even with the best intention , there were a few good Manchu Emperor which help greatly increase the Population with increase of Food production , but then a few bad Emperors and slowly decline , the Royal family only care about themself and put themselves above the country and the people , the majority are Ethnic Han , which the Manchu royalty didn't even consider them as one of their own , they fear a Han revolt more than foreigner , they didn't want to modernized the china , they want to remain the way they were which they rule over everyone , By the time the last few Emperors (like Guāngxù Emperor ) who wanted to modernized it was almost too late , and the Royal family didn't support the Emperor , the Royal family conspired to replace the rulers with someone they could control (the Boy Emperor 2 yr old ) , and late Manchu dynasty 's policies were inevitable to fail and the history may repeat itself if CCCP of China fail to learn from the mistake of Manchu .
@@limes5295 Yeah. Just that they are Roman equivalent of "men who managed to make the Empire come back from brink" (except Crisis continued after Aurelian died even if he reconquer Gaul and Near East and West Roman Restoration died with Majorian). I mean that's why the closest thing Chinese version I found was Liu Bang (basically scoundrel-turned-sheriff-turned-Emperor) and Zhu Yuanzhang (an impoverished farmer turned Emperor) mostly due to revolt or "Divine Mandate" (or just a metaphor for "ruling dynasty stinks, so we got another dynasty from revolt, usurpation, and rebellion").
Not exactly, Syria and Afghanistan is destabilized by foreign interest. Meanwhile 19th century China is mostly destabilized by internal conflict, foreign invasion/interest only served as catalyst. China during WW2 is more like Syria today.
China was thousands year ahead of most but they stopped making progress and let their pride got over their head. So yeah, I think the humilation is pretty much inevitable. From a pragmatic point of view, it's actually a good thing for them.
@@comediangj4955 its a good thing for the civilisation as a whole to face its own mortality. Not for its people. Hence why that person said "from a pragmatic point of view". It already implies that its only a good thing from a certain point of view.
It seems like in reality, there problem was always an attitudinal one, and all their other problems stemmed from that. Namely their arrogance being their biggest attitudinal problem.
@@mahogany7712 Your remarks mean that you will never understand the real China. You understand China from the lies of others. You think that people who speak for China have collected money, and you have become a paranoid person. Don't impose your disgusting imagination on others. This behavior is meaningless except to prove your ignorance.
@@ricofok5709 real China is dead and gone after Mao ruined your China. Don’t worry the US had the similar happen to their republic under the Woodrow Wilson administration. Absolutely tyrannical and racist.
@Ярослав Л They have been brainwashed very thoroughly, and their spirits are beginning to go wrong. They think they can make China worse by saying a few words.
@@chengyichang3427 Qing should have mobilised their state run companies to turn to industrialise, but they didn't do it effectively unlike Japan and their Zaibatsu. Sure the merchants and other businesses couldn't do it - they would need government support and subsidies to effectively get the funds to industrialise but in many cases this would lean to embezzling funds and misuse, so there is that unfortunately.
These people are saying that because China is growing richer. But what they don’t get is when a country becomes richer its INFLUENCE will start to grow. Perhaps not territorially, but influentially China is growing for sure. I’ve no fear of Chinese culture, such a beautiful and rich one.
The PRC is almost blatantly maneuvering to gain control of territory from practically all its neighbors, making irredentist claims based on past imperial conquests no matter how tenuous or far back (Eastern Siberia, all of Mongolia, etc). The Nine-Dash Line is historically unusual, as Chinese dynasties tended to draw political borders using water features themselves -- hence why Taiwan remained separate until the Qing, and why Europeans were originally given islands like HK and Shamian instead of sections on the Mainland.
It is a national war, not a Country war. Because before the Man Chinee defeated the Ming Dynasty, it was just a tribe of the Ming Dynasty, not a country.
![Twenty One Pilots - The Line (from Arcane Season 2) [Official Audio]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/XCz7WUotXs8/mqdefault.jpg)
Another advantage Japan had when it embarked on modernization is that it did not rule over extensive non-Japanese subject populations who were prone to revolt like China did.
@@シンジ碇-f8o not even in the same league as what China had to contend with.
There were literally like 2 thousand ainus, while minorities in china were counted in millions
feudalism becomes capitalism more easily. china's imperial system didnt lend well to capitalist conversion
@@buglepong Yep, the samurai became beaurecrats which leads to Japanese culture of loyalty from top down, and bottom up. This proved to be highly successful for their society.
Tommykey07, that's because Japan is a smaller country than China. With smaller country meaning, less people to worry about, and more quickly the nation can modernize.
Also Japan still has to rule over the Ainus and the Okinawans.
This history shows exactly why the Communists took power in China. Chinese Communism was basically Left-Wing Nationalism, like the anti-colonial movements in Africa and Asia. You don't just want political independence, you also want to take control of your economy that is controlled by foreigners.
The communism brainwash was just too powerful, China always had 100% control over their economy, the war lost to European countries only cost them to pay with land and money.
Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's revolution brought down the Qing Imperium. When Dr. Sun passed, the authority of the Guo Ming Dang went to the Warlord Chiang Kai - Shek. Chiang was educated in Japan, and was at one point a member of the Imperial Japanese Army. Yet , the West decided to Support such a Man as Chiang even while the Japanese were invading China.
@@bot01020 Only Land and Money? As well as the lives of Chinese, their dignity, sovereignty. You ever wonder why the West demonizes Communists? because Chinese Communists would not sell out their Country to Western Capitalists. The moral depravity of the West is evident today, Pornography, propping of Priviledged class at the expense of everyone else. Incoherent national policies to deal with Drug problems, Gun violence and poverty.
@@zl4294 Given that Western Powers had time and again infringed upon the sovereignty of dozens if not hundreds of nations around the world over the last 500 years, I would take their Statistics with a grain a salt. Their aim has always been to divide and conquer, and colonize. The USA and Western powers were clearly supporting Fascists like Chiang Kai Shek, as well as Japanese Fascists.
Not just the economy, but also culture. If you're not Han Chinese then you're not welcome. They've been trying to assimilate other beliefs and ethnicities into becoming more like the Han ever since their foundation. Only recently has this really hit the headlines with the muslim Uyghurs in the west.
The Qing forces were like fingers that never came together to form a fist.
It was too large, too polyglot, too diverse to modernize. It was an age of ethno nation states rising and multi ethnic empires declining. Their best hope was for each finger to go its own way and do its own thing.
@@majungasaurusaaaa you say that like imperial China has never had to deal with such circumstances before... and it wasn't the top official being isolationist, corrupt and entitled detachment.
@@ANTSEMUT1 It dealt with them like it always did: Fractioning into smaller parts to then be unified again. Except this time the major powers were moving at a much faster pace. By the time the dust settled, the empire was far behind.
@@ANTSEMUT1 Corruption is the inevitable when your system is that of absolutist rule over a vast empire.
@@majungasaurusaaaa I would say that it was more because of the declining monarchy rather than the army itself. As an incompetent ruler with absolute power would ruin every aspect of the goverment especialy the military.
The neverending story of the middle kingdom never ceases to intrigue us.
Thank you for taking the time to narrate the chronicle out :)
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
@@tsrssmo sounds complicated !
@@liamh2255 precisely because people don't like the truth. because of this.
@@tsrssmo but china itself consists in the Han dominating all others. By that logic “China proper” is a fraction of the traditional China as we see it.
@@Nimai_Aquino The way is clear for those who remain stupid and blind. please. Although there are thousands of reasons why you need to know the real story and why China is always kidding and cheating on everything, I can only write one sentence here. The truth of the story has been completely twisted by China. Turkey is also inventing a new story today.
"An empire toppled by its enemies can rise again, but one which crumbles from within is dead forever."
China: hold my beer
Russia would argue with that
China is still incredibly fragile internally, and is losing influence abroad despite a brief uptick in it. It doesn't even have its Qing territory.
@@bidenator9760 how is it fragile internally? They are one of the most socially cohesive nations right now and public support is extremely high due to the quick economic growth which benefited everyone. Their extremely efficient bureaucracy with its meritocratic system is also rather stable and seems to indicate a pretty powerful state. Their foreign influence is also still rising with new nations getting into their sphere every day. They also don't want more territory aside from Taiwan which they are at war with.
@@bidenator9760 if you look at Chinese history, you will realized that some dynasties had more territory than previous dynasties and some dynasties had less territory than previous dynasties
@@bidenator9760 Dynasties come and go, but the civilization remains. When one dynasty falls, another dynasty will rise and continue the civilization. Almost every Chinese dynasty have one "golden age(prosperity, economic growth, cultural renaissance)" that enriched itself and one "dark age(internal conflicts, corruption, foreign invasions, civil wars and peasant uprisings)" that caused its downfall.
Revolts (including those with religious motivation), corruption, external interventions and the attempts to politically and militarily modernize which didn't stop the eventual demise- all these remind me of the fall of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
bruh
@Абдульзефир "most conflicts were internal." The PLC dealt with over one hundred years of nearly continuous war with foreign powers from 1617 to 1721.
@پیاده نظام خان Then you can say the same about nazis, there was no Second World War, it was just a political takeover
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
@پیاده نظام خان too bad that you can't handle logic
Qianlong reigned too long. Maybe a younger more curious emperor would have been more interested with the McCartney expedition in 1793 and made modernizing the empire a priority. Having an old codger like Qianlong and you have a resistance to change, plus corrupt officials like Heshen who could take advantage of the situation.
Japan managed to modernize in time
@@shadowlord1418 It was allowed too.
@@shadowlord1418 Japanese almost modernized in 17th century
@@shadowlord1418 It had the fortune of being visited by the U.S and not by something like the British Empire.
He’s successor Jiaqing was on the throne just a few years after and despite being middle aged when McCartney arrived, he showed no interest in Europe. His ancestors Kangxi and Yongzhen were both impressed by European technologies but saw opening up would threaten their rule as the ethnic Han majority on the coast would be influenced by them. The Taiping Rebellion proved their fear was not unjustified.
"As long as there shall be stones, the seeds of fire will not die"
- Lu Xun
you meant coal right? how does a stone burn?
@@ylstorage7085 striking the right stones repeatedly creates sparks.
@@alexanderphilip1809 oh... ok. "Flint" would be a more obious term.
星星之火，可以燎原 。
Xing Xing Zhi Huo, Ke Yi Liao Yuan。
A single spark can start a prairie fire.
-Chairman Mao
@@ylstorage7085 it doesnt have to be flint. you obiously lack talent for idioms and allegory.
Another difference between the implementation of reforms of Japan and China was that, In Japan, westernization coincided with its efforts in restructuring the country from a feudalist society to a centralized monarchy. In China however, feudalism ended two thousand years ago. By the time of its interaction with the west, China has been a highly centralized state for two millennia, any political or social reform would only be perceived through the lens of maintaining the status quo, for the ruling class see no other benefit.
Also, Japanese are more prone to copying other nations and reform their own society
@@Motofanable I remember reading in history class that the Yamato people from Kansai (the main ancestors of what eventually becomes the Japanese) in the early 6-9th Century even adopted the ways of the native Emishis in the Tohoku region when they settled there. Not to mention it adopted much of Western tech during the Sengoku Period, and even researched via the Dutch (Dutch Studies, or Rangaku) during the Edo Period. So the precedent has always been there, if not the extent.
They were very feudalistic though. The Qing took power from the Ming because the Ming relied on officals that were like fuedal lords who raised and lead their own armies, the Qing won in large part thanks to generals like Wu Sangui who defected and brought armies with them to fight their own emperor. The Qing did much the same with their banner armies who were like their own national armies separate from the emperors own force, the green standard army, and acted more like junior allied forces in a coalition (sort of like Free French forces or Polish forces under American or British command). The Chinese tributary system was founded on the idea of sending well trained bureaucrats to other countries to represent the Chinese imperial authority without direct command.
The Qing declined over time and part of that decline was due to increasingly decentralized authority. The Qing soldiers performed so poorly against western armies largely thanks to generals having little to no oversight from the government but being expected to win so they were indecisive. There was no central command so generals were like independent nations making their own decisions and they had little to no overarching plans beyond "fight enemy, win" so armies didnt help each other or coordinate their efforts much and even when the empire was doing well generals often competed for favor from the emperor and that could lead to conflict.
The Qing would later suffer terribly from a problem that also plagued the romans: generals and officers would often steal funds meant for their men and equipment so the armies were poorly supplied, poorly equipped, and poorly paid. This meant that regardless of funding the army was of poor quality; when times were good they could rely on decent moral and raw numbers of conscripts to crush the enemy but when funding was low their moral and supplies were non-existent. When they faced well trained, disciplined, and well equipped western forces they often crumbled right away because of this.
Towards the end of the Qing the "warlord era" started entirely due to the increased decentralization of the empire to the point that the Xinhai Revolution lead to the country more or less shattering into separate kingdoms ruled by different warlords. The Japanese and communists performed so well against those warlords because those warlords themselves had decentralized leaderships that they inherited from the Qing: generals stole money meant for the officers, officers stole money meant for the soldiers, and everyone sold equipment and supplies meant for the army, and soldiers stole form citizens just to survive.
The Qing and Ming might have had some periods of centralized authority but they were more the exception then the rule. The size of the country and conquests of foreign countries like Xinjiang, Tibet, and inclusion of Manchuria lead to the empire being much like the Holy Roman Empire: more like a confederation of different nations with different armies all under 1 emperor then they were like a single nation with a central authority.
@@arthas640 what you are talking about is the yong(private army), the bing(national army) exist as well. yong are temporary force, and are raise because the treasury could not field a standing army. they are not the cause of decline but the result of decline. the reason being that banner are hereditary like samurai, which are alot more expensive to maintain. as army adopted firearm that depend more like drilling then personal valor, hereditary solider became a liability as their cost mean u will not want to throw them into battle, which lead to even more dependent on green banner and yong troop. the emperor seek to remove the banner system, and that led to a coup against him. thus it is not like there isn't an understanding of the problem, it is simply that the hereditary army of qing is too well connected and entrench in the government to be dispose, and the official they are connnected to understand that if the emperor were to raise a professional army, he would need to reduce their power in court, hence they strike first.
@@lagrangewei All of which is very feudal.
it is cixi fault. the young emperor was going through reforms before she stopped him.
i guess the question is, would it have made a difference if some reforms did go through?
@@sinoroman yes , Guangxu tried to modernizing china like japan and the west including reducing cixi's power in government , new industrialisation , military and civil service and opening chinese port and end the age of isolation from outside world. He even agreed to changes the government style from absolute to be more constitutional
@@sinoroman might of at least brought them more time to survive, which is neutral i guess 🤷♂️
Contrary to popular belief, Cixi is not really the fault. As modernisation effort was too drastic enough, this garnered opposition among top Qing officials, Manchu princes, and Han literati who then rallied under Dowager Empress as the head. Even if Cixi does not support them, it is very likely Manchu princes are too prepared to launch a coup. Hence, the Yuan Shikai is seen as strong counterbalance force to quell such opposition. However, the Emperor and his reformers are just too few. Yuan Shikai obviously picked the winner side for his future career.
What if Guangxu has managed to push his reforms? They are too idealistic without real grasp of reality and the reforms will not be much success because they alienate much of the population and Confucian thinking. Kang Youwei is too arrogant and idealistic to carry out the reform effectively. Bear in mind, the Imperial Court is too slow and corrupt to strengthen itself. Guangxu has too wishful thinking and unable to balance reform with tactfulness. The reforms are literally directionless without an actual outcome.
They can buy the best weapons and equipment but they don’t have the right mindset to utilise them. They have yet to temper Oriental wisdom with Western pragmatism.
@@aarontam6473 Cixi was not to take 100% of the blame, but she had way too much power and was extremely selfish and definitely responsible for why Qing China failed to modernize. She splurged money on whatever the hell she wanted while most people during the late Qing were broke and starving. She blew tons of money on her 60th birthday while in Japan, the empress donated her valuables to fund the war effort.
Speaking about the Chinese navy, in 1880 they ordered the ironclad battleships Dingyuan and Zhenyuan from a German shipbuilder. However, due to the breakout of the Sino-French War, Germany confiscated them to prevent tensions. Considering that the opposing French fleet comprised of smaller, more obsolete vessels, they might have proven effective during the war.
Their existence made the Chinese fleet actually superior to the Japanese fleet in 1895, as the Japanese opted to build cruisers with battleship guns instead of battleships. Thing is, although Japanese heavy guns proved lackluster, lighter guns proved more effective, and Chinese command and training problems didn't help either. Therefore, the two major naval battles, Yalu River and Weihaiwei, went to the Japanese.
Same happen with the Tsar no.? They have more and better ships than Japan when they travel from black sea. But low morale and low seawarfare training making them an easy target for IJN warships.
@@satriorama4118 Japanese ships were better at Tsushima if that is what you are referencing. The Japanese also had far better seamanship than either the Chinese or the Russians of this era of course but they also had better ships. Remember for the major engagement the Russians were fighting with their Baltic fleet which was completely unprepared to sail all the way to the Pacific let alone fight in the Pacific.
Just borrow some turtle ships from korea. You just need -1 ships to destroy unlimited numbers of japanese ships.
Japan #1 🇯🇵
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
Very well made, and you really offered a pretty comprehensive review of that period. There was always an underlying Manchu vs Han struggle underneath all these events. The ruling Manchus were essentially the colonizer of China, and they would rather lose to another colonial power than to those they colonized.
Which is kinda weird given many of them were already heavily sinicize.
@@ANTSEMUT1 Not weird at all, they were heavily cultured in Chinese but kept their ethnic identity and historical roots
If Qing ruled over China for 500 years, I don't doubt China will be like India right now with a functional caste system, so I have to say we are very lucky, or maybe Han Chinese are not so gullible.
@@fsh3702 it’s impossible for one dynasty to last 500 years in China. It cannot be done.
@@ANTSEMUT1 the issue is the hereditary soldier, the banner system. the vested interest is what prevent the emperor from instituting a professional 'chinese' army. "beiyang" was a small army when you consider how many soldier is on qing's paycheck. yet they could become dominance, this show the gap between the hereditary manchu soldier and the professional qing army... in short the emperor know, but the manchu clans has their interest to stay on the paycheck... and so doom their dynasty....
Hey Jabzy. I remember your channel when it was just you talking into a camera traveling the world. Glad to see it evolve. Would like to see some of that old school content if you are able to.
It's very interesting to watch this history from this point of view. As someone who lives there, we know this history but the angle of view is very different. What we are told is more from a view that only focus on within the border scope, through the eyes of the emperor or the government at that time, with predefined judgment and emotion. Our commonly told narrative is more like "bad people make useless incidents one after another, just to disturb and distract the emperor, so he cannot focus on the big things, they are annoying bad people" . While the view in the video is more vast and multi-directional, and international of course, situation is indeed very bad from a long time ago, things happen for a reason. I think this is more objective, and it's very interesting and informative to someone who already know part of this history.
1 thing to mention: The correct pronunciation of Cixi is "Tsiz Shei" not "cici". Just assume you would like to know.
It would very very intersting to watch videos on this topic froma a chinese source, with chinese audio and european subs or directly in european languages
@@dersven4122 I believe there are a lot of such documentary in China, but the angle would be very different. Actually I think the foreign versions would be better because it will be less emotional and less bias. There is a tradition of altering history narrative in China from a very very long time ago. In the ancient years, whenever a regime changed, there will always be a big censorship/alteration/modification to the "imperial/official history" books. Events are changed, deleted or newly made to suit the new narrative. If you ever managed to watch a Chinese version of this history, the angle will be either "Emperor and Imperial families are so stupid and bad" (to support/justify the later revolution - the rise of Republic of China, and later the Communist China), or "Foreign powers want to destroy/split/slave all of us" (to promote nationalism/patriotism). I'd suggest go with TV-shows, because shows don't have to reflect the "history", it has more freedom than a documentary, a lot of shows are actually very good. And you can look at stuffs from Taiwan side, there things are just better.
清朝如果鸦片战争前有大使在维也纳，世界历史将大不相同。
@@meilinchan7314 你想説什麽？請把你想説的給大家解釋一下，讓我們聽聽
I'm sorry but I don't know where you learnt your version of history. I dare you to find any narrative on Chinese history text book that says the emperor ends is solo due to some 'bad people'. There's always tons of interpretations on my text book that explains why the empire has to end and why capitalism had to come. It's not decided by some people but a inevitable trend of development in world productivity and economy. Just because you can't remember what was taught over and over again in high school doesn't mean it's not there.
They closed off trade when they were strong, because they were afraid other might steal their trades and knowledge, but as a result they fell behind just like Japan did when they closed their boarder and trade
They were already behind before they closed off trade and fell even further behind. They just didn't know it yet. The fact that they didn't know it was a symptom of their behindness.
@@73elephants not quite, they weren’t really behind, both economics productivity as well as technology and military, they did get a lot of foreign technology like guns and cannons into China, but remember, even two hundred years later, they still had products that the rest of the world wants, they just no longer had the military power to prevent the down right robbery like deals they were forced into, so in fact, if they didn’t close of trade, they would have been able to kept up with the technology as well as military power, since they had enough wealth and products to trade for those,
They beat Russia at early Qing in terms of military, while Russians had guns and Qings mostly didn’t, silk trade, China trade, tea trade, any one of those would have been able to support imports, let alone all three
@@KageNoTenshi Beating Russia in a small war in Russia's Far East in the late 17th century is not evidence that China was on a par with the West at that time. Russia was not very populous, and it was pretty far behind the West in economic and technological development even then, let alone after the industrial revolution got under way in the late 18th & early 19th centuries.
@@73elephants no but they weren’t the push over they were much later, and having strong economy is the back bones of having strong military/ country, that’s pretty much in the art of war,
@@73elephants any technological advances would have made their way into China via trade if they didn’t close it off, and they had many things they could trade and thus would ensure others would trade with them, and within a generation or two, those technological advances would have been not only made it into China, but copied learned improved and possibly even surpass where they came from, which is basically what happened in the last century, it’s not magic, it’s having the backbone of a huge population and economy, and China during early Qing was much much much stronger in terms of economy than China at the beginning of the last century,
4:30 Interesting fact about the Sino-Nepalese War. Nepal actually faced overwhelming odds during the war. The Nepalese were facing their own rebellion and it was as worse as the rebellion Qing was facing, but the difference is that Qing had lots of resources and manpower while Nepal didn't. The Qing Emperor sent 70,000 soldiers while Nepal could only muster less than 30,000 soldiers. During the war, when Qing was approaching with their massive army, a Nepalese force of fewer than 200 soldiers used a tactic where their soldiers carried lit torches in their hands, tying them to the branches of trees, and tying flaming torches on the horns of domestic animals and driving them towards the enemy. This proved very effective and the Qing army suffered defeat.
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
@@tsrssmo but the manchus claimed the the title of the emperor and concidered themselves chinese.
It's always a bit crazy how often the Chinese, especially the Qing, had insane numerical superiority but suffered massive casualties. During most of their wars with Europeans the Europeans were usually outnumbered 10:1 but even in battles where the Chinese held numerical superiority, home field advantage, were entrenched or in a fortress, and had supplies they'd still often take massive causalities and lose. There was a battle during the First Opium War where the Chinese took heavy casualties while the only British casualties were from a cannon overheating and cooking off the ammo, some battles with the British saw the Chinese taking nearly 100x as many casualties despite having 5-10x as many men. Even in battles where the Qing had modern rifles they often faced on sided battles.
Which rebellion are you talking about? Also the incident you are talking of is of the previous Sino Nepal war. China did not do much to assist Tibet in this war, and the tibetans were defeated and had to pay tribute to Nepal.
@@saradadhakal4748 Tibet has been under Chinese rule since 1720, Qing rule over Tibet was used as the PRC's claim to the region today and as justification for their invasion in the 1950s since the ROC claimed to be the legal successor to Imperial China and the PRC claims to be the inheritor of those succession claims.
ah i liked this one. less talking heads the better. Nicely done.
I wonder if China was the inspiration for AI players in Civ 3 to still have hordes of Swordsmen even in the modern era.
Vanilla civ3 has many dead ends for units. Swordsmen and Longbowmen were among them. Since the AI never disbands voluntarily it runs around with tons of them.
Is the game worth it?
meanwhile they are the first civilization who invented the gunpower.
@@shadowlord1418 Civ3 is fun and the easiest Civ game to get started in. Still playable today. It's not perfect (nothing is), but it's AI is at least competent enough to put up a fight.
@@HansLemurson Patch the game up with Flintlock C3X patches.
This is a pretty cool documentary Jazby, but do you think you can put the sources you used in the description? I just want to be able to learn more about the topics that were discussed.
I hope you understand... Keep up the great work!!!
Imagine how terrible the situations of famine and poverty were, that you’d be willing to spare your own child the lengthy withering death for a short one.
对抗西方我愿意失去一切
reading about the great leap forward and cultural revolution are both insane. Cannibalism was rife, I've read stories of peoples children and other family members dying and even if they were able to bury the dead they'd sometimes find the graves empty right after as neighbors stole the body. I've read others where bandits, government officials, or others with food would sometimes go into towns and villages without even talking to anyone with the village being a ghost town because the people were too weak to even do anything so they'd just watch the strangers from where they lay. Parents sold their children as slaves or even food just to survive themselves and it wasnt unusual for the elderly to be left to starve or even be killed so the more able bodied relatives could survive.
The thing about being proud is that your enemies will focus on humiliating and humbling you.
It's more that they were weak
As a coin collector, I specialize in the coins of Sinkiang/Xinjiang. The issues of Yaqub Beg, including his copper Falus, silver Tanga, and gold Tanga, all bear the inscription of allegiance to the Ottoman Sultan, Abdul Aziz. He was considered the overlord for Yaqub Beg. Also, interestingly, Yaqub Beg killed the previous Muslim Hotan Habibullah before gaining full power around Kashgar/Kashi. Quite cool to see the transfer of regional power and the geopolitics! After all, in 1884, Sinkiang would be a province.
why u use wade-giles for mainland when Hanyu pinyin is the standard
The Qing were the embodiment of the meme "this is fine" while China collapsed and was destroyed from the inside and outside.
That is what is happening all over the west right now. Screaming to our political leader that this isn't fine have so far only rendered us sour throats, they refuse to listen. Nepotism and party lojalty are at an all time high and any real opposition constantly demonised in the government loyal press.
@@michaelpettersson4919 The West claims free Market capitalism and democracy. But in effect, Western society is marked by Crony Capitalism and a slide towards Fascism.
@@michaelpettersson4919 The lies that are told by these Crony Capitalists of China's Communist party are innumerable. Anyone who grew up in the West should know by now we've been lied to our entire lives.
Loving your videos Jabzy! It's great to finally see you got loads of views on your last China documentary video. How far will the final China video go? Up to the end of the Chinese civil war? The end of the cold war in 1991? The handover of Hong Kong 1997 Macao 1999? Or all the way up to 2021?
He said he was doing up to the end of the Chinese civil war 1950.
@@mindme7628 Ok thanks
@@mindme7628 In fact, China is still in a state of civil war. The Communist Party and the Nationalist Party have never signed an armistice agreement.
There really should be a fourth video, as there's so much to be said about the CPC's Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution (where a then Party-estranged Mao literally called the people to "bombard the headquarters" in violent uprising), the successful coopting of global recognition, 1989, and the various clashes with Táiwān the whole time 🇨🇳
Not sure if the post-Mainland ROC will even fit, as it has quite a fascinating history of its own: KMT corruption and authoritarianism, evacuation of China's wealth, the invasive retreat and 2/28, the West's dismissal and abandonment of the ROC until the Korean War made Communists a worldwide "threat to democracy", almost 3 decades as America's "permanent aircraft carrier", its loss of status as a "nation", the successful transition to democracy, and the growing distance they have with their Mainland "compatriots" 🇹🇼
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
The Qing was rotting from the inside. When the white terror invaded, all that was left was a fragile hollow shell that collapsed at the slightest touch.
It is rotting but it was stable. The great part about the corrupt officials was that they kept the status quo. Whatever goes against the status quo was deemed as a threat to their hold on their power. Even emperors were no match against the combined power of the officials when it comes to upholding the norms. I even read that the Emperor's power reach could only control the large cities. For the countryside, it was the world of the gentry. Their words are even above that of the Emperors because they have control over what gets done and implemented.
@@roanlancephil9915 Agreed, when China became a republic, lets just say it quickly became unstable
Why does this feel like it’s America’s turn?
@@saber26ful not even close. America is rich. and heavily industrial.
@@ShahjahanMasood true
Just want to say, love your vids man. The longer the better
Awesome video, dude.
Amazing writing quality. Cant wait for pt 3
As always great video. One thing though, during the Formosa Expedition the specific Taiwanese Aboriginals involved were Paiwan. Let's hear their name not just Aboriginals.
Aren't they Polynesians instead of Aboriginals?
No
"Aboriginal" is a generic term for "native" or "indigenous". It makes sense to use those terms since most people wont know who the Paiwan are so keeping things a little generic makes it easier to understand, especially considering how little most people know about Taiwan in general before e the end of the Chinese Civil War.
Brilliant! Combining soporific background music with low-volume droning voice over! Better sleep aid than white noise generator!
What? What are you trying to say?.
The background music was just plain annoying.
"Hong Xiuquan was an ethnic hacker". He tried to hack China, but ultimately failed.
(PS: I know it's Hakka)
Hakka is orthodox Chinese
They're literally pronounced the same or very similar in the UK, where most dialects are non-rhotic and the r is dropped.
system hacker is more accurate to describe him cause Christianity is just an excuse just like the old way back in history( yellow banner, white lotus and etc.).
@@yeshiyangzom8532 Nope, genetic studies show that Hakkas are Chinesefied Miao-Yao people and some other southern natives, they have been blending with Chinese immigrants from the north for centuries but till now 70%+ of their DNA still remains aboriginal
Xue Li Miao yao are also Chinese. I think you are referring Han.
What a fantastic video. I certainly learned so much for a mere 25 minutes. Thanks very much.
I have read an argument that if the young emperor had not neglected the modernised fleet built up by Cixi in the 1890s China may have won the naval war against Japan, which would have built support and national confidence and strengthened the modernising party in the government.
I think that was in Jung Chang’s biography of Cixi.
That would also require an industrialized China in the late 19th century. They had industry but not to the extent of Japan at the time.
Sure, but the western countries would keep pumping Japan with new warships instead. Every major powers in late 19th want to take a piece of China.
@@satriorama4118 They wouldn't help Japan considering Japan also seized western colonial holdings in the Pacific, or liberated depending on your perspective.
@@MK_ULTRA420 which one of western colonial territory Japan take IN 1900.? The newest territory Japan get outside the 4 main island before Sino Japan war or Russo Japan war are Ryukyu island in 1609.
I came across yours videos for which I'm thankful. You do loads of research which I appreciate for you. You even talked about Nepal tibet war man keep your works up🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼
Me before this video : the century of humiliation
Me after this video : the centuries of C L O W N
How china didn't collapsed 20 time with all thoses disasters is a mystery.
There is an old saying "dead camel is still larger than a horse"
through out thousands of years, it's almost like china was being held together by some higher power. no matter how shattered it is, it will eventually come together again.
actually, it was the British who helped Qing Dynasty to maintain its ruling. With Qing government, British could gain enough benefits from China without spending money on building a colonial government like they did in India.
@@VezVezar Really have to thank Qing for the map China have now. Even though the textbooks emphasize on how much land Qing lost, the land Qing had, in the end, was still much larger than Ming, and pretty much most of the previous dynasties (probably only Yuan was larger).
@@spqr950 What a joke. Without the British, Qing would not collapse in the first place.
Excellent video! I'm already eyeing up the other ones I can see you've put together 😀
Thank you jabzy for these forgotten flashes of history that you give us
In fact, when I read Chinese history, I see that the history of my country (Morocco) is a miniature version of China, or rather Morocco is an African version of China.
Because the history of our two countries is similar in many points, Except for communism
@HengistUndHorsa
I don't understand your point bro🤔can you explain to me what do you mean ??
Can you please explain
Can someone please do the math and see how many Chinese lives were lost during the Century of Humiliation?
The number lives lost from all the internal conflict, Western intervention, Japanese aggression and famine are so unimaginable. I always think how out of those hundreds of millions of people who died could’ve made some major difference in this world and we’d be in a much better place today.
All that just to be followed up by the tail end of the Chinese Civil War and the Great Leap Forward…
Yeah... Countless
Don't forget the Japanese invasions
Never forget? The Nanking Massacre that happened in 1937.
China is pretty universally recognised as a land of famine, with a large-scale famine occuring roughly every decade for multiple millenia. The death-count cannot be put into numbers, but thankfully it is no longer a land of famine. Not that everything is perfect, but it's a start.
having removed myself from the handicap of western national superiority, I came to the conclusion that china is hampered by its own population, both its biggest weakness and biggest strength, and that if it ever mastered the overwhelming weight of its people and wealth of its land it would dominate the world and rightly so, and if it had a good leader that didn't wage endless war that I as an American wouldn't mind my country being made second best, but for now it seems as tho a second cold war is brewing which for now is mostly economic in nature
Moral of the Story: Unity is always more important than Diversity and that religious and cultural practices should always be permitted as long as it isn't hurting anyone.
The Qing dynasty was very strong in the beginning. It conquered a huge area in South Asia. However, corruption, internal power struggle, distrust between the Manchu and the Han, conservatism, incompetent leadership. These all lead to the fall of the empire. Now China is using this chapter as a lesson learnt.
Lesson learnt? I doubt it. The CCP doesn’t learn
Which part of South Asia besides Tibet
@@imrankh68 Tibet and China have been in a low grade war with one another for 1300 years at least. I mean, Tibet conquered China back then.
But don’t ask the Chinese about their historical borders. They’ll want to claim all of it.
No. Russia is THE true land grabber. CCP just wants Taiwan (ROC).@@mangonut
just discovered your channel and i love it!
"From the pinnacle it declines, from the depth of misery it will rise", what Chinese learned from history of 83 dynasties.
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
First episode was ancient China, second was pre-modern, and then the third will be modern I presume. Might get back to that for yah later
Loving these deep dives. Wish I’d found you and subscribed earlier ❤
There were a few modern equipped regiments in late Qing China; full compliment of rifles for each company and adequate training and discipline. However, these "elite" troops were very much in the minority in the Qing army as a whole, which were mostly a motley collection of adventurers and scoundrels without fire-power.
What Zhang Zhidong advocated for really says it best in contrast to what the reformers wanted: "keep the old teachings as fundamentals while taking in practical Western methods only" (舊學為體，新學為用). This really shows that while Japan took the humiliation of Commodore Perry's sailing into Edo seriously and were willing to make whatever leaps necessary to achieve parity with Western nations during the Meiji Restoration, including overthrowing their own Shogunate and abolishing the long-standing traditional Samurai caste, the Qing were willing to take only surface level steps to modernization but was not ready or not willing to give up their traditional hierarchy, benefits or beliefs to achieve it. Furthermore, the traditionalists feared (like Empress Cixi did) that doing so would see another mass purge of anti-reformers throughout China, as had happened with the Taiping Rebellion only 20-30 years previous and with the Reign of Terror during the French Revolutionary period, and the reformers in turn were not prepared to or did not want to answer the question of what should happen to the conservatives either during their reforms, leading to all kinds of pushback.
alt title: 'things they forgot to mention in history class'
Why would this be a priority to a western education program, even a world history class? You know school is more than just history. Kids need to sleep lol if we were to teach them everything they NEED to know in school regarding world history, they would be in a history class as long as Chinese children are in normal classes lol and I think they they go for 12 hours a day.
@@TheSoonToBePurgedJackMeHoff55 the emphasized one hundred years of five thousands years long recording history books…sos…
There are several chapters on these things in our textbook with details...
Thank you Jabzy! Very nice video for us to review the history of China in 19th century.
One thing to be mentioned is there are many subtleties in Mandarin Pinyin which makes non native speakers confusing.
"X"ian F"e"ng was pronounced wrongly. "e" in Mandarin pinyin is pronounced not as [e] ("ending"), but always a [ə] ("her", "Mercedes", "Herschel"), except for "en" which pronounces between English [e] and English [ə].
X,J,Q are pronounced as [s/dz/ts] when followed by "i", and [ʃ/dʒ/tʃ] when followed by "u" (actually pronounced as German "ü" - close front rounded vowel [y]).
"Quan" is a very tricky syllable, many people pronounce as [kwan] as its spelling is close to "Queen". Actually it pronounces as [tʃyʌ
n] or [tʃyen]. The latter [tʃyen] is preferred because speaker feels not so comfortable when combining [i/y] with [ʌ
n], therefore Mandarin replaces [iʌ
n] or [yʌ
n] with [ien] or [yen].
X/J/Q pronounce essentially similar as their counterparts S/Z[dz]/C[ts], they are adopted in Pinyin primarily for:
Differentiating affricate/fricative consonants with [i] (Xi = Si in English) vs extended consonants without a vowel (Si = Ss or ß in German). The rule in Pinyin is that a consonant always follow a vowel, so "i" in "Si" is considered as a dummy vowel.
Differentiating [u] (Su) and [y] (Xu = Sü). Therefore "u" in Pinyin is always pronounced as [u] (eg. "fool") except when it follows X/J/Q and serves as replacement for "ü". In Chinese passports, "Lü/Nü" are written as "Lyu/Nyu", which should be differentiated from "Liu/Niu" (pronounced as English "Leo" and "Neo").
"un" is not pronounced as [ʌ
n]("under"), but is considered an abbreviation of Pinyin "uen/wen", you can mimic it by pronouncing intermediate pronounciation between [e] and [ə].
"ui" is not [ui], but an abbreviation of Pinyin "wei/uei" [wei], pronounced the same as "way" in English.
"iu" is not [iu], but an abbreviation of Pinyin "you/iou" [iəu], pronounced the same as "yoyo", similar to "Leo" in English.
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
looks like no one was serious about modernizing china until the Kuomintang
They were to first ones to actually have a modicum of success, not necessarily the first ones interested
@Wurstdämon of the Abyss
Even though chang like all leaders with unlimited power became corrupt I think he was more effective and chinese then the CCP. As Chang was even defending and withdrawing all the chinese artifacts west during ww2 while the CCP destroyed most of them in the cultural revaluation. Also if you see what happens in Taiwan under the KMT vs the rest of China under the CCP. Taiwan is better first it didn't have to endure the great leap thurver and the cultural revaluation and had economic liberalization earlier.
Second it is an actual democracy as the KMT in the end relinquished power. while the CCP under Po the bear. Only tighten it's grip and made China more Orwellian.
@Wurstdämon of the Abyss
of course i don't take my news from CNN. on china i took a lot of it from serpentza some one who lives in china. but even without watching him i see how Hollywood the NBA WWE stars John sienna bow their head to china. how the most virtue signaling people in the world shut up when it's about Hong Kong, Taiwan, Tibet or literal geocide in west china. i saw how the police in china put people in chair cages for criticizing the government. the Social Credit System is in beta phase but that's not a reason to discount it. i saw how china banned south park for an episode on china. there's the Covid shenanigans. China billionaires like Jack Ma disappear. there is a lot of bad stuff coming from CCP china. and mostly cause it's intentional like in the video polymatter did about Chinas National Insecurity how it's about looking tough to the outside trying to act like the china's wolf warrior in his film they want to stoke nationalism for support at home.
mostly cause it has problems from the one child policy, dependence on the housing bubble and water shortages and they can't admit that they failed. that's what you get when you have communist's in power.
Looks like the 50 cent army showed up. Go away you sad little CCP soy boys.
some people cant argue with facts, because they themselves know they don't have any, so they resort to ad hominem attacks. Or are they actually the paid shill themselves, that's why they have no facts and therefore the need to project their sad life on others? truly pathetic. @Sven Hans
Great Videos, thanks. What books and resources did you use for your research? Sources would be very helpful. Thank you.
The Vietnamese empire was a historical multiethnic state that spanned from 1802 to 1885. At its height (1835), its territories were a duplication of the French Indochina. (Christopher Goscha, 2016: Vietnam a New History).
Richard Hiley (1843): The Annamite Empire is 350,000 squaremiles in areas.
有吴无越，有越无吴，多民族国家✘ 东方法兰西✔
Vietnam broke away from China 1,000 years ago.
Two countries can be regarded as relatives
@@liangzisong240 the Vietic peoples are nothing relate to the chinois
@@emgailinhka6979 Marriage can solve all problems
Because before 1802, northern Vietnam belonged to Chinese territory.
Those are great drawings, but perhaps I can help with that.
But my suggestion for you is to use pictures or rare photos or even portraits of the people you’re talking about
Jabzy, this is an incredible video, and I now want to learn more about this time period. What books and resources would you recommend to read to better understand the collapse of the Qing dynasty?
One book to check out would be: "God's Chinese Son" by author Johnathan D. Spence which chronicles the largest uprising in human history, The Taiping Rebellion of 1845-64. Another book to read might be: "The Immobile Empire" by author Alain Peyrefitte.
The Rise of Modern China (中國近代史)
Book by Immanuel C. Y. Hsu
Interesting account of Cixi's role in late imperial China here. I feel that she is often depicted as part of the problem instead of someone who tried to bring China into the modern world. (That said, she could nevertheless still be part of the problem of corruption, poor management, and the broader lack of legitimacy of the Manchu government.)
I dont believe she had as much power as people want to make it seem , if she had tried to moderisze too fast they would have take her out by accusing her of being sell out to west or too weak or ot know how to gover , cixi in my opinion was just face of others behind curtains
@@sakurakou2009 Good reminder that monarchs (or regents) are never as powerful as they seem to those outside their inner circle.
The ethnic policy of the Qing Dynasty is a double-edged sword. It allowed the Qing Dynasty to have a vast territory, resulting in the lack of strong external threats to the empire for a long time.The emperor tried but failed to maintain Manchu traditions.For the status of the imperial power, the Aixinjueluo family had to use the policy of division to maintain the balance of political power.After a series of reforms in the military system, the lack of combat effectiveness and scattered troops,army like this more in line with the interests of the Aixinjueluo family
Cixi took the money earmarked to build a navy and instead remodeled the summer palace to remake it as a shrine to western imperialism and Chinese grievances
Important to say, the summer palace was burned down as a reaction to the execution of British diplomats, who were sent to the Chinese government to negotiate, but were executed by Lingchi method. Quite long and horrible death.
It does bug me how Imperial China did a ton of arrogant, deceitful, or amoral actions but those tend to be overlooked out of some sense of guilt over how they were treated by the west later. A big reason for the century of humiliation were the Opium Wars which were largely caused by restrictive, unfair, one sided trade deals by the Imperial government and due to how they treated any attempts at negotiation or diplomacy. The Imperial government viewed western traders as tributaries and barbarians from outside of the civilized world (aka the Sinosphere) and the rebuffed any attempts at diplomacy. It took losing multiple wars to massively inferior forces before the Imperial government even started realized how outdated they were.
They also mistreated many foreign dignitaries. Even in east Asia and even outside of there it was common courtesy to treat diplomats and envoys with respect and killing them was a huge taboo even as far back as the bronze age (Genghis Khan killed a ton of the rulers of one country after the executed a few of his diplomats for example). It was also fairly rare outside of China for a ruler to demand diplomats grovel before them since that was viewed as disrespectful to the ruler who sent the diplomats as they represented that ruler. The Chinese however refused for the longest time to even see a western diplomat and when they did they demanded they kowtow (grovel on their knees and bow until their head touched the floor) which was an act of submission most western rulers wouldnt even expect from servants or slaves, much less a foreign dignitary and was pretty extreme even in Asia.
@@arthas640to be fair if you were one of the only countries with a ton of inventions a history you would become a bit arrogant.
@@Random-kt9fg true, but it should be avoided. The US and UK have tons of inventions and re-inventions (sometimes things were invented, the technology was lost, then got invented again such as steam engines) under their belts but most people, including many Americans and British people, will criticize their cultural exceptionalism.
Arrogance can also easily lead to complacency. Using the US as an example they underestimated China and North Korea before the Korean war, and the US along with most of the world underestimated Japan both before the Russo-Japanese war and before WW2 which cost them dearly. Ideally you wont over estimate a country either since that can be just as dangerous, many countries overestimated modern Russia and it's allowed them to bully countries for years, and they did the same with the Soviets even after they had a steep decline starting around the 70s which allowed them to still act like a superpower despite only being marginally above Japan economically and largely losing their military edge.
@@arthas640 yes there is another example with the French in Vietnam USSR against Japan when they first were invading the main land.
I am a Chinese history student. This period of China is somehow becoming more sensitive under the pressure of Chinese nationalism and the influence of Xi's "China Dream" (something like China great again). For example, when I was still in secondary school, we are free and encouraged to discuss different aspects of the Opium war, like the diplomatic differences between Britain and China, or to what extent the strict policy of China toward foreigners provoked the war, etc. But such perspectives are now "banned", or "censored", students are not encouraged to discuss any historical view that might damage the "national pride of Chinese".
:/
Maybe you just get old enough and lost topics with your friends, I have gaps with young people either and hard to find someone to share viewpoints…
@@李思墨 not really…the textbook had censored all negative descriptions toward Qing China and PRC, so I think that’s not just a generation gap but an intended censorship
@@mats8326 I mean, I had speeches unique words about historical topics when I was studying the history. But in fact it was too young for me to realize what these means for our nation, I just talking like that to feel I’m special, not allowing other’s contracts. Teenagers will grow up and forget something and gain more stance , it’s not necessary to take it so seriously
That really sucks. A country banning freedom of ideas is never good. I really dislike Xi's new brand of authoritarian nationalism. Hope China rides out this recent trend and gets back to being awesome.
:P Good idea to over throw Chinese Communist currently in power. GL
Good video! Btw, Canton is a province of China, and Cantonese is not an ethnic group but just the people who live in Canton province. Most Cantonese are Han people.
The area of Okinawa was already under the Japanese Satsuma Han since the early 1600's. When the Han were turned into provinces rather than quisi independent areas, The Japanese government assumed direct control, so the Okinawa was actually under Japanese for over 200 year by that time.
" Ci xi " is admittedly a tough one to pronounce. Ci sounds like the "tser". Xi sounds like "shee".
Cixi can be pronounced simply "chi-shi"
@@mamborambo To use English pronunciations, it's better to pronounce Cixi like "Tser - Shee".
(Source; I am a Singaporean Chinese, grew up with both English & Mandarin)
@@spacecraftcarrier4135 Yours is actually a very good way to render it. Better than mine. Source: A native English speaker who lived in China a few years and studies it on and off as an amateur.
@@mamborambo damm do you know that CHI-SHI in Chinese means Eat da Shit?
@@spacecraftcarrier4135 I get your shee, but why there is an R after tse? that sounds like 慈儿禧 no?
Can't wait for part 3. Thanks!
Great video! Any recommended sources to learn more? Only know of the Stephen R Platt books personally.
How have I never found this channel before? I was barely 5 minutes in before I subscribed.
Good Man!...
And thanks
Hong was not a convert, he was a wolf in sheep’s clothing who didn’t believe a word of what he said
Or he was genuinely insane and did believe it.
It's just a reason for rebellion, it can be anything, as long as it can unite people under the banner. It can be a stone tablet, a comet, a fable or anything else
@@maddoxlacy9072 insane people don't have the charisma and know how to build an army to threaten an empire
@@madkabal
Eheh...
Unfortunately...
*looks at 1930s Germany*
I uh...hate to break the news to you...
@@maddoxlacy9072 he wasn't insane. He knew what he was doing. You are confusing evil with insanity.
Don’t know why but my audio was bugging out having a high pitched faint sound until I paused the video, unpaused, and shut off volume.
China *goes to aid Korea
Japan: *Battotai starts playing
China: Why do I hear boss music?
Korea could beat japan because of Admrial Yi
@@emilchen9866 even with the Korean royal court constantly try to hamstring Admiral Yi because they feared him gaining too much influence. Which makes Yi's feats against the invading Japanese and ultimately defeating them even more impressive.
Japan has lost 2 Korean war and only won 1 in 19th century,
the first one, Battle of Baekgang, defeated by a few number of Chinese Tang troops:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baekgang
the second one, the Imjin war, everyone knows the resultat,
@@emilchen9866 without Ming's army, know koreans would say they are the pure Japanese and be proud of it
Japan *goes to bully Korea
Ming China: *Chinese is pushing cannons
Japan: Why do I hear boss music?
but Joseon koreans: KoREa cOUld BEat japAn bECaUse of AdMMMMrial Yi XDDDDD
keep up the good work
Do a video about the Weimar Republic. Since it existed between WW1 and 2, people focus too much on its internal and economic problems that lead to the rise of the Nazis. But all they did was centralise control under new leadership, the structure of the government and armed forces were mostly the same and functional but the Nazis made much more efficient at doing their goals.
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
@@tsrssmoAre you even reading my comment? I was talking about the Weimar Republic not China.
@@tsrssmo one German one Chinese
Great video
From my perspective, The Humiliation could avoid as long as two conditions are met.
1. Centralized reform: Qing still believed in traditionalism supremacy and saw other races as savages barbaric. [Change this as it will be okay]
2. Power in the hand of evil Cixi: the empress holds all the power but she never set foot outside the royal palace. This means she never knew the terror of the foreign power. When change must happen, She still oblivious to the fact that her old empire was outdated and still live in an extravagant luxury lifestyle. [Joking...The Qing ordered a British warship but the Qing spent all the money for Cixi's 60th birthday......If she gave half of the money, The Qing could buy 20 - 30 of this warship to win against the Japanese]
Hey Jabzy, love your channel!! Amazing content. Just one thing I noticed with this video, there's a high frequency tone playing in the background of this video which gave me a headache. Lol.
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
Institutions, institutions, institutions!
I can't possibly stress just how important this is to a nation. A good example is how Russia could have easily dominated Europe but couldn't because of serfdom and alcoholism that was encouraged by the ruling class.
Even in today's world you can see institutions falling apart in the United States and the results of that.
Same goes for Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth, their refusal to modernise and improve administration, with growing stagnation, made them completely unprepared for XVIII century, and quite possibly even XVII century.
Love the details. Brilliant work man.
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
So that’s why Australia is so quick to reinstate the Yellow Peril stance lately.
No , The present Australia administration has been sending contacts regularly for a meeting to restored the relationship ASAP. China is taking its time.
First. Faristotle from your server!
the fascinating thing about China is that it can be humiliated, it can be subjugated, but gives it time, it will always find its way back to the top. Talking about the history's most resilient civilisation :)
It’s crazy to think that China could have sooo many more people if things were different
unlikely their population would be that much higher, even with modern industrial farming, canals and irrigation systems, and decades of investment in agriculture as well as subsidies China still cant feed themselves and havent for a long time. Currently they have a food deficit of around $40bil, which if anything is artificially low since they import mainly cheap food stuffs (rice, corn, soy, cheap seafood) from poor neighbors. Even now the leadership in China is worried about food security, they're already over exploiting their water resources and the land is degrading far faster than in places like the US (for example the US was experiencing loss of top soil and lowering water tables in the 1910s and 1920s thanks to industrialized farming whereas in China it didnt start to become a major issue until the 60s and 70s and didnt really pick up until the last 20-30 years). They're also already farming in areas that really shouldnt be farmed intensely, like inner Mongolia and Manchuria where the steppes are being torn apart and desertifying. China has experienced so many famines largely because their rivers, climate, flood plains, and rich soil allowed for intensive farming including double cropping rice every year (normally you can only plant grain in the same plot of land a few times even with fertilizer before it needs to be left fallow) which left them with a population so large the land could barely support them even with trading for food and with a rich coastline with tons of seafood, so any disaster leads to mass famines. That's the reason for the 1 child policy: it wasnt about preventing over population so much as China's population was already so large the leaders were terrified about famine and food security so they reigned in the population while also trying to increase food productivity. It's unlikely their population would be much larger than it is today regardless of what they did, there's only so much food they could grow before modern fertilizers and industrialized farming and even with those they're at they're past capacity. They wouldnt be much larger although they'd likely have hit a high water mark faster.
I think some emperors of Qing are good or great for a traditional monarchy country, but it is 19th century, a minority emperor can hardly call up the whole power of main race in such a huge country.
Actually, people should respect to the result of current government of China. Chinese people just suffer too much. They go through nearly all possible forms of governments with the cost of lives. They also come out from the communist wave around 1990. Their civil war still not end till today. And finally, they settle with current one. It might not be the best. But that’s enough. And they just want a peaceful time after one century hard live and recover without crazy government change.
The thing is, if China has peace it will prosper a lot now, because it has been experiencing a great fall for two centuries. That’s why lots of rich fearing foreign nations won’t want China to have internal peace at all. And they know what they did to China.
Ci'an is the former Empress, the chief wife whereas Ci'xi was a mere concubine, politically speaking Ci'xi is below those of Ci'an, where decisions could be made unilaterally by Ci'an but Ci'xi's decision must be in joint with Ci'an.
True, but Ci’xi and Ci’an had a pretty good working relationship, and Ci’an died fairly young compared to Ci’xi.
@@InquisitorThomas She reigned for 13 years, well into the Guangxu era.
Very good video
An a citizen of India, I carry huge respect to Chinese people. I hope Chinese people and India resolve all the pending issues without further humiliating each other for short term gains because in long run - We both will regain our past glory sooner or later.
Unlucky we both have corrupted incompetent government.
When the United States wants to do bad things to China, he will find ways to make China and India conflict. In the past, although the problems between China and India existed, they did not have such big conflicts. Personal views from Chinese citizens.
@@ricofok5709 It's a very easy thing to simply point to an external rival and just claim that they're fermenting conflict. The reality in this case is different, China and India's issues have always existed, but China's issues with India coincides with China's more aggressive foreign policy. The fact is that China whittled a LOT of its external good will with its so-called Wolf Warrior Diplomacy. The US was not needed in that regard at all when China was so busy shooting itself in the foot.
@@stephenjenkins7971 You need to look at the problem more deeply.
ruclips.net/video/91wz5syVNZs/видео.html
The only way is to draw a clear boundary. sign protocol.
India is a multi-party election. Signing a border agreement is very difficult
If McCartney actually bowed and bring something more useful than some clock and globe then maybe Qing would have a alliance with British.
Imagine him showing the emperor a steam-engine or some newest gunship.
Chinese historian Taisu Zhang argued that, contrary to expectation, Qing was a weak fiscal state by demonstrating that it only collected on average 1% of its GDP as taxation. Comparable empires like Ottoman and Britain collected around 20% at the same period. There was an ideological reason for fear of high tax because the preceding Ming dynasty, the Qing officialdom reasoned, collapsed due to heavy taxation.
The Qing Empire is not China. Qing is the Manchu Empire. China did not exist from the conquest of Manchus until the fall of the Qing Empire. This is just the twisting of the story of the truth. At that time, Mongolia was under a vassal treaty with the Qing Empire. The history of China is utter perversion and mendacity.
@@tsrssmo I can see what you are claiming, so is republic of China a part of the history of China?
@@tsrssmo so, is Manchuria or Mongolia part of today’s China?
No. Inner Mongolia, Manchu, Xinjiang, Huh Nuur (Qinghai) and Quangxi do not belong to china (China) and even more regions
@@tsrssmo I can see where you are coming from. The de jure China recognized in the UN does not square with the China defined by territories historically controlled by Han Chinese. I believe their inconsistency is a source of major political and territorial contestations. Even by ccp's standards, it has failed to achieve the multinational republics since since the collapse of the USSR.
Thanks!
Great video my dude. Can’t wait for the Warlord period video since I know almosy nothing about it. I hope you will continue making China history videos up to the point of Xi Jipeng declaring himself President for life.
now,he is
@@蝉月-d4y I know he is. He’s making China great again.
@@sergeantmajor_gross i can determine China is great again,but i have a doubt about he can make me great again.
The sense of inevitability that people equate to historical events is mistaken in almost all cases, it is quite easy for any people in any age with the full benefit of hindsight to look back and think "this was always going to happen" when in reality there is often a multi-faceted explanation for why things turn out the way they do in their own time period.
There were several points during the decline of the Qing where had better decisions been made it was at least possible to turn things around, it was certainly going to be a hard road regardless, as the Qing were facing internal rebellions, internal corruption on a massive level from officials, and external forces from the West at the same time, but none of these factors separately or together made the downfall of the Qing inevitable.
The Manchu Emperor can't control everything even with the best intention , there were a few good Manchu Emperor which help greatly increase the Population with increase of Food production , but then a few bad Emperors and slowly decline , the Royal family only care about themself and put themselves above the country and the people , the majority are Ethnic Han , which the Manchu royalty didn't even consider them as one of their own , they fear a Han revolt more than foreigner , they didn't want to modernized the china , they want to remain the way they were which they rule over everyone , By the time the last few Emperors (like Guāngxù Emperor ) who wanted to modernized it was almost too late , and the Royal family didn't support the Emperor , the Royal family conspired to replace the rulers with someone they could control (the Boy Emperor 2 yr old ) , and late Manchu dynasty 's policies were inevitable to fail and the history may repeat itself if CCCP of China fail to learn from the mistake of Manchu .
Ccp just send astronouts to space, their first one. This bring happiness to mainland chinese and respect. Why would theu rebel.
@@jordyj4126 they would only do that when the economic growth has slown down long enough.
@@jordyj4126 woopee doo that doesn't change the fact the government see them as cattle
You know it’ll be good when the Heavenly Kingdom rebellion is mentioned within the first minute
*buckles seatbelt
So any Chinese version of Aurelian or Majorian?
Lu bu
You don't get people like Aurelius from those who are born and raised to adulthood inside palace walls.
@@limes5295 Yeah.
Just that they are Roman equivalent of "men who managed to make the Empire come back from brink" (except Crisis continued after Aurelian died even if he reconquer Gaul and Near East and West Roman Restoration died with Majorian).
I mean that's why the closest thing Chinese version I found was Liu Bang (basically scoundrel-turned-sheriff-turned-Emperor) and Zhu Yuanzhang (an impoverished farmer turned Emperor) mostly due to revolt or "Divine Mandate" (or just a metaphor for "ruling dynasty stinks, so we got another dynasty from revolt, usurpation, and rebellion").
yes
Mao Zedong militarily
Deng Xiaoping economically
@@therearenoshortcuts9868 should be Mao's younger brother Mao Zemin instead of flying man on the rice field if Mao jr didn't die that early.
you should do some alternate history videos
So 19th century China was like Afghanistan and Syria today.
WW2 China was also like that. Ichi-go was one of the biggest offensives of WW2 and Japan got bogged down in China for years.
Not exactly, Syria and Afghanistan is destabilized by foreign interest. Meanwhile 19th century China is mostly destabilized by internal conflict, foreign invasion/interest only served as catalyst. China during WW2 is more like Syria today.
A better comparison would be the Ottoman empire. Both of them have internal problems and face western invasion.
You should do Egypt and the Ottomans as a comparative study.
China was thousands year ahead of most but they stopped making progress and let their pride got over their head. So yeah, I think the humilation is pretty much inevitable. From a pragmatic point of view, it's actually a good thing for them.
Tell that to the millions upon millions of people who died in that time period. It's not worth it.
@@comediangj4955 its a good thing for the civilisation as a whole to face its own mortality. Not for its people. Hence why that person said "from a pragmatic point of view". It already implies that its only a good thing from a certain point of view.
Good content, but that music is annoying. Change the music in upcoming videos and you got yourself a new fan.
It seems like in reality, there problem was always an attitudinal one, and all their other problems stemmed from that. Namely their arrogance being their biggest attitudinal problem.
@Ярослав Л +50 Social Credits has been added to your account
@@mahogany7712 Your remarks mean that you will never understand the real China. You understand China from the lies of others. You think that people who speak for China have collected money, and you have become a paranoid person. Don't impose your disgusting imagination on others. This behavior is meaningless except to prove your ignorance.
@@ricofok5709 real China is dead and gone after Mao ruined your China. Don’t worry the US had the similar happen to their republic under the Woodrow Wilson administration. Absolutely tyrannical and racist.
@@FazeParticles Hahaha, what you said sounds so stupid.
ruclips.net/video/up5m8mRq6EU/видео.html
@Ярослав Л They have been brainwashed very thoroughly, and their spirits are beginning to go wrong. They think they can make China worse by saying a few words.
Man an empire stretching from Korea to Kyrgyzstan.
Yes Qing dynasty IS a superpower only IF the world did not enter industrial era. So i guess theres that :(
no they couldve done well if they didnt close up japan is a good study case on how to modernise
@@Cecilia-ky3uw ye i meant given the condition that if qing itself doesnt change than it would only be superpower in agricultural era
@@chengyichang3427 Qing should have mobilised their state run companies to turn to industrialise, but they didn't do it effectively unlike Japan and their Zaibatsu. Sure the merchants and other businesses couldn't do it - they would need government support and subsidies to effectively get the funds to industrialise but in many cases this would lean to embezzling funds and misuse, so there is that unfortunately.
What music you are yousing? Greatings from Germany
PRC is much smaller than Qing China and Republic of China. Still some people say it is expansionist and aggressive.
These people are saying that because China is growing richer. But what they don’t get is when a country becomes richer its INFLUENCE will start to grow. Perhaps not territorially, but influentially China is growing for sure. I’ve no fear of Chinese culture, such a beautiful and rich one.
The PRC is almost blatantly maneuvering to gain control of territory from practically all its neighbors, making irredentist claims based on past imperial conquests no matter how tenuous or far back (Eastern Siberia, all of Mongolia, etc).
The Nine-Dash Line is historically unusual, as Chinese dynasties tended to draw political borders using water features themselves -- hence why Taiwan remained separate until the Qing, and why Europeans were originally given islands like HK and Shamian instead of sections on the Mainland.
It's intriguing to see the history narrated from the perspective of colonists. Brilliant.
Thats why you gotta learn what the Chinese did well silly boi, its either do it yourself or be nothing. Thats what you should learn about China
@@fizkallnyeilsem articulate your reply. It doesn't make any sense.
They wouldn't need to narrate this if China was halfway powerful.
It is a national war, not a Country war. Because before the Man Chinee defeated the Ming Dynasty, it was just a tribe of the Ming Dynasty, not a country.