Richard III - Injuries to the Remains
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- Опубликовано: 3 фев 2013
- www.le.ac.uk/richardiii - Richard III Educational Resources
Dr Jo Appleby from the University of Leicester's School of Archaeology and Ancient History describes the injuries visible on the skeleton found beneath a council car park in September 2012 which was subsequently identified as the remains of King Richard III.
This film was produced by External Relations, University of Leicester.
Filmed by Carl Vivian
Edited by Hayley Evans
Any time I get bogged down in heavy traffic that is going nowhere, I try to put things into perspective by remembering that it took Richard III five hundred years just to get out of the car park.
@john bloggs At this end of his history there is apparently more respect for him than when he was alive.
Perhaps you should give Shakespeare a rark-up too, because he distorted Richard even more than the poor guy's sclerosis.
MarsFKA he really did as well. Tudor propaganda has a lot to answer for.
@@kimberleysmith818 Yep! As they say: the victors write the history!
@@MarsFKA it's "scoliosis". 👍
@@idleonlooker1078 Well done. You spotted my deliberate error.
Its hard to imagine a time when kings felt compelled/were expected to fight hand to hand the enemy in the field. These men get all my awe and respect.
I’m in awe that people like yourself actually believe this bullshit.
Really? Ricky the threeth was a monster and a prick who died as he deserved- with a sword up his arse.
As the battle was turning against Richard’s forces, a close advisor instructed the King to flee the battle. Richard refused, stating that he would remain the King or die that day on the battlefield. He then led a cavalry charge against Henry Tudor, killed one of his closest guards, and came within a swords distance of Henry himself before he was cut down. Whatever he was in life, he died a heroic death.
@@FoardenotFord He died trying to keep a nation under his control. That's like feeling bad if Elon Musk dies in a gun battle trying to hold onto his multi-billion dollar payout, All kings are tyrants, and just because the Tudors made fun of his hunchback doesn't mean he deserves our sympathies.
I always admired Richard the III. He was the last king of England to ride into battle and even his enemies couldn't deny his valour in battle. He died fighting sword in hand to the bitter end even while his troops were retreating and after he was double crossed by his barons.
Nope! the last king to ride into battle was George 11 at the battle of Dettingen
Alan Thomas how about the last to ride and died into battle?
Slaughtered his little nephews, but hey, nobody's perfect
@@brianfinnegan664 Henry VII had his little Prince in the Tower too. He was Edward Plantagenet, the 17th Earl of Warwick. Another person with a better claim to the throne than the Tudor's.
@@alanvt1 How much action did George ll see at Dettingen? Or was he just present, it not being the custom for commanders of armies to actually do any fighting at that period in history.
When being a king actually meant something.
It meant killing your nephews so you can take the throne.
@@jhutch1470hardly
He fought battles with such a severe case of Scoliosis!!! 😮
Yes...very impressive!
Here is the full documentary where they proved that Richard was probably a superb warrior despite his deformity. They use a young man with similar scoliosis and show the armor he would have worn, how he rode and how he probably fought. The courage of Richard III was awesome!
ruclips.net/video/fDHDvnnK4nI/видео.html
I fought in the Naafi with a mild case of halitosis !
Armour could be custom-made and certainly would have been for someone of his rank. Probably specially designed for his spinal curvature.
I am a science buff me and im not usually into history, but i like Richard III. I'm absolutely fascinated by him and he has my unwavering respect 🙏🏻
How you know you're into science? You read your blimmin' history of it, innit?!
@user-qr5ki8ls2x yeah i have innit mate 😂
Richard had the balls of an elephant, who charged straight at Henry at Bosworth like a true warrior, it took many men to take him down, he would have wrecked Henry on his own, of that I have no doubt at all. Rest in Peace Sir, you were the fucking man!
Sounds more like he was an idiot.
Killed his nephews though. And got nothing done. Widely regarded one of our worst Kings, frankly.
He was brave though. That, I agree.
He was a horrible man. He had two children killed as well as having Buckingham, Anthony Rivers, Richard Grey and Hastings all executed on false charges.
@@cherrytraveller5915 imagine prince harry killed his nephews and niece to get the throne 😅
Jeez, King Richard had a hell of a scoliosis back then
MrManga2011: and his jaw was aside of his face
MrManga2011 He kept on ticking though.
Shakespeare was staying on the good side of Elizabeth I. The Bard slaughtered Richard III's reputation. And the skeleton proves he did have a "crookback", but did not have a withered arm. Elizabeth I's great-grandmother Lady Margaret Beaufort is the person most likely responsible for the Two Princes, and more. A very ambitious and ruthless woman.
@@pawwalker3492 How can you look at that skeleton and say the back was not crooked?
@@odysseusrex7202 - I said the skeleton PROVES Richard did have a "crookback". But Shakespeare said Richard had a "withered arm", and that was pure BS. Just another way to slam an innocent man.
Richard the 3rd was a badass. All kings back then actually fought in battles unlike modern kings
Except Henry VI. Then again that's what caused all the problems that led to Richard III becoming king.
@@terragthegreat175 And Henry Vll who never actually took part in any battle. Hanging around at the back surrounded by bodyguards doesn't count.
Not all kings .. not even most
Not all kings though🤔 I'm pretty sure Henry VI, Richard II, Henry Viii and several others never fought on the battlefield.
They stopped the kings getting into the fight for a reason, your king died the war was over, at least if you lost the battle you still had a king to follow to continue the war, some old law that was passed, its why some rulers who won would kill the whole family as no one could take up the sword of vengeance and right to reclaim the throne, yep stopped from being involved in battles but still bloody as ever
They killed him a lot. So much he's still dead.
hehehe Monty Python obvious news no so late news
"You can rip their guts out..."
I love this woman.
My guess is, whilst he was fighting he received the cut on his chin but he carried on. The cut on his cheekbone was the one that got him on the floor which took off his helmet as he fell, then Henry Tudors men with their halberds finished the job but rather than one strike they stabbed him multiple times.
Leon Reaper I bet the missing slice to the occipital part of the skull was a botched attempted postmortem beheading that was ultimately not finished due to some intervention from higher authority.
I'm no expert but I'm thinking the wound to the pelvis brought him to his knees . The blow that took off part of is head was the killing one. The blows to the face after the fact. The cut marks I'm not sure.
@@shawn8971 The knife from the rear through the pelvis was likely someone shoving a knife up his backside postmortem.
Problem is he was most likely wearing a sallet and bevor which protects his chin and the sallet has chin straps which means it cant come off during a fight. Which makes me believe he was tackled to the ground and a dagger through the visor. But idk how he got the other injuries. Possibly in different past fights but idk just a theory
@@nerthus4685 They did that to Myanmar Gaddafi .....But video showed he was still alive when it was done to him .
I was a squddie for almost 30 yrs and often wonder how soldiers through different era's coped with coming face to face with the enemy and whether i could have cut it in the respective armies of the time
When you see the sheer brutality and violence of wounds like Richards you have to say they certainly didn't mess about.
Imagine being taken as a prisoner after defeat in a Battle=No Geneva convention back then. They could do whatever they wanted with you.
King Richard went straight to the front of the line when entering Valhalla.
Monster!
Lee Wardle Hell yeah he was a fighter!
No doubt he did.
He would have been shocked if he went to Valhalla as he was Christian.
@@jacksonman5217 valhalla isnt bad ass enough for richard
There is a price to being a leader of men.
Ya disloyal behaviour and back stabbing in some cases.
Very well said.
Humm
4 pounds 3 shillings and a thruppence to be exact. Well, not adding for inflation.
Yeah hold the son of one of the lords hostage so then he has to participate. Sounds like an awesome leader
Warrior king.
Absolutely incredible. Such an amazing find - well done to all involved!
It would be very interesting to check out King Richard III missing upper left Central tooth. They could easily do this by examining the bony socket of that tooth, and then deciding if it was a healed socket, meaning that the tooth was lost some time before the battle, and hIs death, or if it was a relatively new, non healed socked, indicating that the king lost it in the battle. If it was a well healed socket, that means that King Richard III had to go around with a missing upper front tooth. For his vanity's sake I am hoping that he lost that tooth during the battle. Doctor George Whitehead
Exactly!
Richard was a hero, Tudor a coward!
Richard killed the man who was holding the tudor-banner and killed another man, meaning he was just a few yards away from Tudor, when his horse was killed. Can you imagine how history would have been without the Tudor-bastard line? Thumbs up for Richard III. !!!!
@Jack The Film Fanatic And yet, this man had more valor about him than most alive today. There is something to be said about a leader who charges into battle with his men instead of hiding behind the lines.
@Grundy Malone Elizabeth 1???
@Jack The Film Fanatic The Nephews were locked up in the tower, luxurious royal apartments then, in order to protect them from Tudors plant in his administration...After his death the Tudors did large scale vilification of Richard, even painting portraits with fake, evil like facial features...nothing has changed in the UK politics!
@Jack The Film Fanatic Possible, but highly unlikely. Henry Tudor didn't know what had happened to them, and certainly suspected that they were out there, somewhere, waiting. After the Battle of Stoke he said that he regretted John of LIncoln's death "that he might know the bottom of his danger." In other words, the Princes may well be out there somewhere. There is a great deal of circumstantial evidence that lends itself to the conclusion that at least the younger of the Princes survived to torment Henry. Some historians are now taking that view.
dourabbawinner I think we should be cautious confusing valor for desperation. Everything about Richards conduct in this battle indicates that Richard was a man of failing health desperate to secure his legacy. To be sure his legacy was secured, but it probably wasn’t the one he had in mind.
A great king. R.I.P
So you haven't read about him?
@@jhutch1470 He created the court of requests, improved the practice of bail so people couldn't have their property seized unless found guilty in trial. He banned restrictions on printing and the sale of books. He improved the law of trusts and clamped down on fraudulent sales practices as well as the fraudulent collection of clergy dues. He also generally improved the situation in the north of England. He improved protections for trade and regulated the cloth trade to stop abusive trading practices.
Please name one negative aspect that isn't from Moore, Shakespeare or some other Tudor contemporary who used Richard for an easy way to please their contemporary royals. I'm sure there are, but don't pretend you know more than an average 10 year old who just picked up Shakespeare's Richard III for the first time.
Edmund Black-adder and baldric have a lot to answer for !
Imagine Prince Charles fighting today "I'm right behind you guys, 200 miles to be exact" 🤣
Well, we learned this week that Prince Andrew was so traumatized by his valiant effort in The Falklands War that he lost the ability to sweat for a long period of time. So let's not be cheeky about the courage of the modern Royals, shall we?
Where would you be ?
@@TheGoldenafghan At least his brother served heroically in the Falklands, suffering PTSD and an inability to sweat as a result. The upside of course is fewer expenditures on deodorant for the Royal Family. Mummy did teach her boys to be frugal.
Prince charles served in the RAF and Royal Navy.
@@rattytattyratnett Modern Royals are never in any danger when they "serve" in the military, no matter how much Andrew tries to say he lost his ability to perspire as a result of his battlefield distress.
That was a pretty gutsy thing for Dominic smee to do ! What a fascinating documentry. Excellent thank you.
I’d recommend reading Blood Red Roses - The Archaeology of a mass grave from the Battle of Towton AD1461. This shows the utter carnage inflicted on the average soldier during medieval battles.
If I remember correctly unread somewhere that one of the reasons the wounds on those soldiers were so severe was because there was an intense hatred between the two sides. A lot of the wounds were delivered after the killing blow suggesting that there was a lot of rage and anger dueling the combatants.
@@madisntit6547 Fixed! I actually have that book and copied the title directly from it, so have no idea how that happened lol.
@@BM-wf9uf Great comment and I totally agree with you there.
RIP King Richard III.
Fascinating....thank you.
These academics are always smiling when describing a violent death.
you need an explanation for this? its not what you hint at, that they are psychos that like that
Being in on this was a big boost to her career and income. Of course she is smiling!
@@dorothywillis1 A big boost to her career and income? She is in a short clip which was produced in-house. But hey, if you say so.
@@MeAbroad2004 this is only a clip from a much longer documentary! And yes, being w the Uni and part of the team that’s exhuming and examining King Richard III’s skeleton is a pretty important boost to your career!!
Oh push off, she’s just being presentable
Imagine a time when our own national leaders would have to do battle with other national leaders to settle disputes. I think it's pretty certain that wars would cease to exist!
My money would be on Putin over Biden or a Brit PM in a stand up ding dong.
Perfect presentation
"You can stab them through the heart, you can rip their guts out," she says, looking so serene.
Yes,it gave me chills when she said that.
Found out Richard III is my 37th great-grandfather. Makes me want to learn all I can about him
How?
That means you are stupid
for real?
Go back far enough in time and absolutely everyone will turn out to be distantly related to someone famous. The population was much smaller back then.
Uncle at the very best. Richard himself did not have living legitimate descendants, and his bastard children are unable to be traced back as they disappeared from history in 1499.
If he shows up with an army now I'd be hella worried.
I was there at that battle he was thrown from his horse and then they went to work on him. Hard times back then.
Blimey, looks like he’s been in the wars.
The last real bloodline of the Plantagenets Kings. Sad that he ended his life at the hands of a Welsh usurper.
We are not dead... it makes my heart happy just to see people who realize (real-eyes) the true history (his-story)
The y chromosome Plantagenet still survives today with the Duke of Beaufort.
@@ds1868 that has been denied by recent DNA evidence published in a reputable scientific study from this skeleton and from male relatives in the Beaufort family.
Richard was a usurper. He stole his nephews crown
I was just reading about the current Duke of Beaufort. He and his family are descended in the male line from the House of Plantagenet, through an illegitimate line.
Finding the skeleton of Richard III was an important event in English history. It's interesting to compare what we know with Shakespeare's fictions and the history that has been handed down to us. Was he a good guy or a bad guy? Depends on whose book you read. A friend of mine pointed out that the War of the roses was comparable in modern times to a couple of crime families fighting over the drug trade. Everybody is going to have some blood on their hands. Still, modern opinion seems to be slowly swinging in Richard's favor. Perhaps that battle at Bosworth Field was a struggle between two great men. It's fun to think about.
The blow on the neck was probably the killer, although one couldn't say whether it was inflicted while Richard was actually fighting or when he might have been down from a stunning blow. Unless one was hit by a crossbow bolt, a longbow arrow, or thrust through with a lance, it was pretty difficult to kill a knight in full armor by trying to wound him in the torso area.
Fighting with scoliosis, the lad had balls
He was a King, you'd imagine a King to be!
Just like the newlywed said, "Once A King, Always a King, But Once A Knight Is Enough."
I can imagine better than that. Plenty of Kings that were much better than him
Wow ..super tough guy...fighting like that with such severe scoliosis.
Mediaval combat was a nasty business! These injuries are just brutal. Also, I'd watch Dr. Appleby read the phone book. Also, for a very slight, and somewhat disabled guy, King Richard went down swingin'. Doesn't sound quite like the weenie that Shakespeare made him out to be.
James IV of Scotland had his right hand almost severed by a halberd or bill slash, and the killing blow struck him in the back of the head. He also received an arrow in the jaw. Flodden, 1513.
Richard suffered indeed.
He was incredibley brave and knew he was the rightful king. If he'd not charged Tudor (who never fought personally) he'd have had the pleasure of ripping Tudor apart. We need a time machine.
How was he the rightful king? Not only had his brother illegally occupied the throne from Henry VI., he also murdered his two nephews to occupy the throne. I'd argue his reign was double illegitimate.
@@gayusschwulius8490 Henry VI* You are talking about Edward the 6th, Henry the 8ths son
@@fourtysevennn Ah, you're right. Goddamn it, all of them having the same names is confusing.
I'm in no way an expert, but my guess is that he was stabbed and bludgeoned to death. Then the chunk missing from the base of his skull was someone trying to hack off his head to take to Henry. His angle was wrong, so it didn't come off, so he had to use his knife, hence the cut in the jaw on the other side.
Love that woman precise, enthusiastic, no speculation.
R.I.P.-KING RICHARD-111
WATCHED HISTORY IN THE MAKING!!!
GREAT STUFF!!!
FROM(U.K.).
He wasn't just killed in battle..; he was done with out hope for recovery...
They made sure he was dead.☠️
I remember watching the news when they announced they had found his remains under a freaking parking lot. Ironically under a parking spot marked “R”.
They even confirmed it was him thru a descendent…on his sisters side of the family.
The poor man was a small time shop owner when he got a phone call a few years prior from a genealogist who was excitedly informing him he was a distant relative of Richard the 3rd thru his sister.
He agreed to a DNA test and it was confirmed.
The poor man was tickled pink. Oh, I have some royalty and my ancestor survived the chaos…..yea!
Being royal is over rated in my book. Especially after reading a history book.
What is his name? And what was the name of king richard's sister?
Now that man is going to collect taxes for the past thousand years?
King Richard was overpowered by several opposing soldiers. They were the ones that killed him in front of Richards best friend that was fighting along side him. Richard was left on the hill. When his friend regained consciousness he found Surry, laid Richard across the saddle and took him home. He was the last of the Plantagenet's.
All the people insisting for years he did not have a spinal deformity must have felt a little idiotic when his skeleton was found.
It's a mixed bag. Because of Shakespeare it was thought he had a withered arm, which did not turn out to be the case.
Amazing
So the small cut to the jaw bone could have been a knife or sword that cut the strap of Richards helmet. Wounds that he suffered after that were inflicted on his (now bare) head with no protective gear on...the stab, the deep cut, the shallow cut etc. Without being on his horse he was lower down and at a danger of downwards thrusts like the cuts and the top of the skull pierced by a downward stab. He sure was a fighter to keep going from below! It was reported that he was "screaming like a wildcat" during the whole tight skirmish led by Richard towards the opposing King and bodyguards. Go Richard!
she has a lovely voice
Very interesting fakts. Thx
Will people please stop calling him Richard 111 that reads Richard one hundred and eleven, these are Roman numerals so it's Richard III.
Imagine when you get 111 likes on this comment. What then ?
Just call him "the last Plantagenêt king"
My Brother is a huge Pinl Floyd fan, he calls Roger Waters, Roger Waiters, i heard an interview with John Lydon the other day, the guy called him Lidon, Americans call Hitler, Aidolf
@Pandora Dale It appears you don't understand that Roman Numerals use letters not numbers to indicate quantities. you appear to be ecstatic in your ignorance!
The guy put up one hell of a fight (probably without his helmet). Also heard that during the battle he saw the red dragon of Wales and deliberately charged Tudor for a duel, was fended off by the surrounding knights.
Overall an excellent example of the best possible use of assignation. Kill some relatively innocent party who is in directly in the way. Frame the other contender and kill two birds with one stone. The princes were probably done to death by either Tudor, or by someone who thought Tudor would reward him; possibly without foreknowlege by Tudor. Their deaths definitely didn't do Richard III any good. Trick like that will be used again likely as not.
Wow, what a way to go.
Wow, he really had a rough day
I'm guessing they're not gonna be able to revive him...
Skeleton is covered in injuries, punctured and missing bone from blade strikes.
“We can be sure he died a violent death”
Me: oh really? I thought he died peacefully in his bed and he mustve inflicted all those wounds on himself from spasming after death!
I agree. He was betrayed big time.
I wish I could talk more to this lady
You do not mention the hole put in Richard's skull by the woman archaeologist at the excavation,why?
I've seen today, at lunch time, the movie The lost king.
It was fantastic!
The head was obviously severed from the body with a rather sharp blade at 0:45. If this wasn't the cause then the arrow(s) that penetrated the back of the skull and the rectangular hole in the cheekbone at 1:18. Richard was probably standing and shot with an arrow into the back of the skull by someone on horseback. The glancing blows on the back of the skull was done when the head was removed.
Age of chivalry had long gone, absolute butchery....I’m ex British Army, and I can’t imagine conflict like this, interesting vid thanks.
Muito dificil aproveitar este video sem tradução.
Why do we think we wasn't wearing a salet and bevor? Couldn't these wounds on the head have been caused by a halberd through the helm? Swung at full strength on a long shafts that's a huge amount of energy with a flat blade and spike. I'd love to do some recreations and see if a halberd could do that damage. It would indicate why the spike wound is quite small if it was protected by a well armoured helmet.
What I find amazing is how he could function with that twisted spine. Not to mention he's found in a parking lot 500 years later with perfect white teeth.
They actually found a young man in England with almost the exact curve in his spine.
Due to a health issue, he could not get corrective surgery for it.
Anyways, he volunteered for a 90 days sword, riding, and fight course to get an idea how a bent back would of affected Richard the 3rd.
A black smith made a modified suit of armor for him, the old fashioned saddle actually helped his back, and he actually successfully did battle maneuvers at the end of the 90 day trial.
He was shooting arrows and hacking dummy heads from horse back quite well.
They concluded while Richards endurance would of been affected, he could of been a great horseback fighter with modified armor and good training.
That young man felt a connection to Richards remains were found since he suffered the exact some problems as him, and was honored to help these scientists see how such a condition hindered him.
It also empower him emotionally that even though his back was messed up, he could do all these “things”.
I have scoliosis to a somewhat lesser degree than Richard's remains. Except for occasional back pain I function OK.
A Nurse, a Nurse. My kingdom for a Nurse!
Dude,this is cool
I'm going to go out on a limb here and suggest that the blow to the back of the head that sheared the bone off was more than likely lethal just from blood loss alone.
And the brain trauma.
Poor guy had it rough .
Interesting but wondering if some of the smaller markings on the bones could've come from previous altercations/battles(?)
They check the margins of the bone for signs of healing, which begin immediately and show after a very short time. I imagine they ruled that out.
Brave King......
Very. He knew what was coming if he lost. And he still went for it. A warrior king, to the end.
No one here in the US knows or cares why I wear a white rose pin on my jacket, just me being a little sentimental.
The hole in the back of the head is similar to what happens when someone is beheaded. The axe when it comes down doesn't always hit the back of the neck dead on and slices a piece off the base of the skull off
Kings led the armies into battle back then.
Because their armor was so good normal soldiers had a harder time killing them, while they could cut through almost annything.
Also he sat on a horse.
@@Xrisus94 Kill the horse, get the armoured knight on his back and he's a dead man. Dagger through the eye slits in the helmet, end of story. You can then get his armour off and mutilate him as much as you want.
@@rogueriderhood1862 true, if they got through the lifeguard.
For nobles and kings, war was a game.
Is it just me, or did she not look a bit like Anne Hathaway?
Gary Taylor ann hataway shakesperes wife how do you know wath she looks like
Esther Luamba Dr Jo Appleby...
Just u
@@estherluamba8038 😂
Esther Luamba ,
Her British accent and mater of fact description of violent death cracks me up. 😂😂
My mom is related to Richard so it’s weird watching others dig him up. Interesting but odd at the same time.
That's how I always feel lol... we must be distant family. Love your screen name
@@pammi1111 ❤️
HE WAS IN THE DITCH.. MAKING THE BACK CURVED..SWEET HEART.. LONGLIVEQUEEN
Since he wasn't born with the Scoliosis I would think that if he had lived his shoulder would have gotten worse. And it is very painful so he may have ended up not being able to fight.
Thank you for your answer but I have seen it. But what I am saying is Scoliosis is a progressive illness( I don't know if that is for all who has it but it could have been for him also) that gets worse and worse. I once had the degree as Richard but it is much worse now and very very painful.. I get very strong pain patches to help me live with the pain but it only takes the top and whenever I do anything the patches don't help me any. So I think as Richard got older it may have been the same for him. He was much younger than I was when his was that bad. The same with the young man if his is already this degree he will look very different in some years and may not be able to do this. When I saw Richard's bones the first time I felt like I was looking at the x-ray I had been shown years ago and I knew this had to be Richard. Also my shoulder is really bad now and does look like a hump. I is a very scary illness to have because it affects all of your body and makes it hard to breathe normally as the ribcage pushes on the lungs. I looked normal for many years and had never dreamed I would end up like this. But I do believe Richard was a good man and if you look for the video with Tony Robinson I think his name is you know from Black Adder he found evidence that Richards King brother was made when his so called father was no where near his mother. That means the boys in the tower should not have been next in line. I'm sorry I don't remember the name of the video but he made them with different subjects.
were all injuries made at the same time/day?
After the battle the Lancasterians tied his naked body onto a mule and encouraged the troops to have a go at him. That is where the post-mortem injuries come from.
I'm wondering if testing has shown any signs of childhood poisoning. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis can be caused by early exposure to toxins as well as dietary and hereditary factors.
My question from the start is; Where are the feet? Is there any information out there? I've never seen it mentioned in the documentaries.
The feet were destroyed by some infrastructure work (maybe piping or something). It's amazing that the rest of the grave wasn't damaged really.
Also, it's interesting that your name is Lovell. One of Richard's main supporters was a Francis Lovell.
Henry didn’t die that day, he left the battlefield with a few loyal friends and lived the rest of his life in obscurity. Spending his days working part time in a fish and chip shop in Blackpool
That huge skull wound made me wince. Jesus. 😳
If in fact it is his bone, I am happy his body was not chopped up as many writers have written, I am a fan of Richard 111, and have never believed all the negative things attributed to him, the writers of the period portrayed him as a monster. Though I am sad the hump back image of was true.
No. He had curvature of the spine - yes, but his back was not 'hunched' as his shoulders were level, not one higher than the other like in a classic hunchback
Thats good to know, He was a great soldier, it doesn't seem possible that with a hump back, he could have been such a great military man.
So I guess you are a fan of Richard the One Hundred and Eleventh
Servent: HENRY is DEAD!
*crowd gasps*
Crowd: How?!
Servent: HE DIED
Crowd: *mournful screaming*
Wow
Having now looked into the history of the battle of bosworth and the skeletal remains it seems plausible; that he would be quite unable (due to his scoliosis) fight on one side of his body as twisting would have been ruled out. He could being right handed swing a light sword from a horse. However once he was dismounted would have walked with a sever disability. With the weakest part of a knights armour being in the crouch I think the king was brought to the ground by exhaustion and enemy combatants to meet his demise by a sword to the pelvis as mentioned. The wounds on his head were significant however as the skull was still intact unlikely to be fatal. I think he was beheaded after death so his head could be displayed on a Pyke. As you can notice the back bone and spinal colum leaves very little space for the Pyke so a larger hole was needed for that purpose. The other head wounds could have been inflicted to the head while on display by disgruntled enemy combatants. Without the resistance provided by body the head would only be able to sustain glancing blows without falling off of the Pyke. So in conclusion Richard the third was a disabled king whom wore inpenatrable armour. This armour may have lead to an over confidence which ultimately lead to his death.
As somebody with scoliosis, I don’t think it would have necessarily been obvious that he had it, or that it would have impeded him in any particular way. It could have been as you described, but I doubt it. At least not at his young age.
@@weswright3187 the courtiers whom bathed the king would have leaked the information. Some scoliosis is worse than others. The point I'm making is that once he was dismounted the highly armoured knight king's only vulnerable point would be the crouch. And I claim this vulnerability was the death blow location. We also must Bear in mind that painkillers may have and may not have played a part. Once said and done, it was heroic to lead an army into battle being a disabled person beforehand.
This was brutal
Poor guy 😔
She didn’t mention that she accidentally put a pickaxe through the skull
The sun news paper tried claiming it was the killing blow, but it was on the documentary just after they found his body
Did she not say the damage was new as she slipped with the mattock ?
Yes, the body was deeper in the ground than the head. They discovered the legs first and worked their way up the body during excavation. The coarse tools would be used to remove dirt until they had excavated closer to the bones and then the fine delicate work would begin. Unfortunately he skull was at the depth where they were using the coarse tools and was damaged as they assumed it would be at the same level as the rest of the body.
He must have been in a shocking state at the moment of death. I have no doubt he will have been targeted during the battle; it would make sense - go for the king, finish him and then his army gives up or routs.
Whoa!!! somebody did not like the king at all!
These ppl are experts but if it was me guessing, it would be that only one hole caused Richard's death, the rest is from shovels burying the guy--the ppl burying him didnt know he was King Richard ... the one guy patted the earth flat after covering Richard up but was very very strong & made that flat mark which implies he was more like bones when he was buried or perhaps re-buried. That he was found at the battle site kind of confronts a re-burying theory but not necessarily depending on if there was a crew on hand to kind of pull them off the field during the fray or not.
Damage from excavation too?
They reconstruct faces from skulls. Has this been done for Richard?
Of course!... just google for "reconstruction of Richard III"
1:00 The wound was not stopped by the skull, so it would have gone into the neck too.