Punnett Square Basics | Mendelian Genetic Crosses
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- Опубликовано: 16 апр 2017
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This is a simple overview of monohybrid genetic crosses using punnett squares and Mendelian genetics.
Punnett squares measure the probability or likelihood of a genetic outcome based on a specific genetic cross. It doesn’t tell you what will be, only what could be.
For the simplest of punnett squares you’ll cross two genotypes. These parent genotypes will be for the same gene, but may or may not contain different alleles. Let’s look at an example of a genetic cross for eye color, green eyes being dominant and blue eyes being recessive. Let’s use Gg for the maternal genotype and gg for the paternal. So this is our cross, the mother has green eyes and the father has blue eyes and we want to see the probability that their offspring will have either green or blue eyes.
For this cross we will draw a square split into four quarters, like a simple four panel window. This is the punnett square. One of the parental genotypes will go on top, and the other will go on the side. It doesn’t matter which genotype goes where and the order of the letters doesn’t matter, however, we conventionally write the dominant allele first.
So your setup should look like this.
Then you simply carry the letters through to their respective quadrants and match them up, like so. Each quadrant represents a 25% chance that that genotype will result. So in this case we have only two possible genotypes, Gg and gg. And each genotype has 50% chance of showing up in the offspring. Similarly, you will have two possible phenotypes, Green eyes and Blue eyes, with a 50% chance of each.
Let’s look at another example. Let’s cross two genes that are heterzygous for eye color. Gg X Gg. These colors are just for illustration purposes. We again draw our punnett square and put one gene on top and the other down the side, carry the letters through to their respective quadrants, and analyze the results. This cross results in a 1:2:1 genotype ratio, with 25% Homozygous Dominant GG, 50% Heterozygous Gg, and 25% Homozygous Recessive gg. The phenotypic ratio would be a 3:1 ratio with 75% green eyes and 25% Blue eyes.
Hopefully that helps you understand simple punnett squares. Genetic crosses can be much more complicated and I will make some videos in the future explaining how to tackle those. If you have any questions from this video, throw them in the comments, and don’t forget to like and subscribe. Thanks for watching. I’ll catch you next time. 
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Hey @2minuteclassroom I've recently found your channel and it is very useful for study. It explains things quickly and simply so that I can study efficiently. I find it just as helpful if not more than channels like crash course and Bozeman science. Thanks
Thanks Josh, I really appreciate the complement and am glad you find my videos useful.
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my teacher made me watch this:(
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This video really woke me up I was feeling really tired but then my teacher assigned this to google classroom. I watched it all the way through and took lots of notes, thanks for the lesson 2 minute classroom
You're welcome.
This is the first time anyone has said my video woke them up. So thank you for that.
just remember that each of those squares are equivalent to 25%!
💯
Like twice the outcomes of a coin.
Thank you!! I’ve been struggling with these and your comment helped me a lot!!!
This video is great it gets directly to the point, with no bs. Learned more from this than I did in an hour of biology, lowkey saved my grade
So glad it helped.
Same
i had to sit in class trying to understand what the teacher was saying abt punnet squares for 2 weeks and u teached me it in 2 minutes!!
This actually helped me so much, considering I have a test coming up in a few days 😭 Thank you! Best channel for studying
I don’t know what I would’ve done without this video it was explained way better than my teachers
Thank you for the video. My son was having a hard time understanding the Punnet square so I started looking for a video and came across your video. I learned and then explained to my son how to make Punnet square. Short and precise.
That is awesome! You sound like an excellent parent 💯
thank you for getting to the point really fast, about to take a test and all of the videos are 30 min long, yours on the other hand got right to the point, thank you!
Short, simple, easy to understand, and re-playable. Great vid bro
Thank you so much for this. I'm learning about this for biology right now and was a little stumped. Makes way more sense now. Going to watch some more complex examples so I can truly master it!
Glad it was helpful!
I have the bio staar later so I'm just going over things I kinda forgot, this was an amazing video! It was super quick and got straight to the point, nice!
I never thought I'd understand how to do these!! thank you so much :))
Thank you so much, this helped me a lot. Have a quiz on this next period and I feel fully prepared after watching this.
Y’all, this actually rlly worked- I rlly recommend- my grades are horrible for bio/science, but I assure you, this actually helped so much
Thank you for this! I’m studying for a test coming up tomorrow and this helped me understand how the Punnett square works!
Awesome! You are welcome.
Tysm, this was very helpful I really didn’t understand stand these, as you explained how to do these I found it easier than I thought
Thanks for the help. I have a test tomorrow and you helped me out to understand the punnet square so thank you, the video was short and precise nice vid. thnx
This was really confusing for me at first cus I couldn't get the difference in GG, Gg. but you helped me alot to learn it and I bot this video from my teacher. your a big help thank you.
So happy to hear it.
I was stressed out because i am currently sick (with strep throat) and my teacher announced on Google Classroom that we have a test on Punnett Squares on Friday, so i decided to watch a video about them and this was the first result. I copied down the example of the Punnet Square and did the worksheet she posted and this helped me so much! The arrows were definitely helpful in figuring out where the genotypes go! Thank you again! (Also she isnt the best teacher so i didnt really understand this even though shes been teaching it for a week! You helped me understand it in 2 minutes!)
Thank you for this useful information, i really appreciate this data about how the genetic codes work and these punnett square information you are giving us, we are blessed to be in your presence for 2 minutes i really appreciate how well you teach, thank you and amen
Thank you so much for this video! I haven't been listening at all in clas lol and my teacher just posted an assignment about this. Great video, it helped me a lot.
Glad it was helpful!
Love you man, always clutching up with these videos, wish I had you as a teacher.
Hey, 2 Minute Classroom, thanks for the amazing video! I just wish to ask in the second example, which color represents either the dominant or recessive traits (or does this question apply at all)? Also, is having a lowercase letter as the first letter of the genotype, the reason for the recessive trait resulting in 25%?
thank you so much for this video it really helped me out a lot with science class lol.
TYSMMM!!! I have a test tomorrow and had no idea how to figure out the ratio and things. BUT TYYYSMMM FOR HELPPING
Tysm for the video I was struggling trying to do this in class and it's very easy after all!
Thank you so much for this, I’ll show my son this to get a better understanding. 🥳🎉💐
Thanks a lot i have my exam tomorrow and i wanted to practice the punnett square but u explained it so beautifully i dont even have to look at it now
Thank you you just solved my science quiz TMMR and I didjnt get it until I saw this, I’ll watch more of your vids your really good
Thank you very much you are way more accurate of teaching than my own teacher in the Philippines. 👌👌👍👍💖💖
I have a test in 3 minutes cool tysm for the help!
I found this video very helpful for my studying. Thank you.
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Love it the colour code makes it easy to understand
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You explained it so much better than any teacher ty
Really helpful this pandemic forces online learning and these really help me to understand the concept
I'm glad it helped. Stay safe.
Thank you. I now understand Punnet Square hehehe hope to learn more.🎉❤
this has helped as i was assigned this for my studying :)
SOOO help full! Thank you!
thank you so much i have test next weak and didnt understand a thing about punet squares but know i understand
This is really helpful. Thanks :)
Thank you this video helped me!
This was really helpful, thank you
When biology and probability interact, the result is genetics.
Well said.
Thanks for explaining my teacher assigned this video but it's helpful.
THANK YOU SOOO MUCH YOU MADE IT SOO SIMPLE
Excellent explanation. Thank you
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this man is better than all science teachers
I watch you from France... On youtube we havent got explications as good as yours So i cant understand all but it helps me thanks :D
Well I'm glad you can get something out of my videos.
brief but precise. thank u.
That's my goal.
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Thank you so muchhh, I love this tutorial,thanks for helping me study
You're very welcome!
Thank you so much this helped me understand my online classes-
Glad it helped!
I just missed 1 Biology class and i needed this before the test thanks….
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but what if you have lets say TTxtt? how do u get the results for them? help will be really nice! loved the video learned alot.
Thanks man! Maybe this will help me on my exams today! I'll give you a like and a sub :) keep it up!
congtrats for 100k
I can understand this better than my teacher
I'm having a problem with putting the letters in the punnett square like is the G first the one or is it okay if I switch letters??
Excellent video very well explained, thanks it's been a while since I studied this!
Thank you!
Your videos were extremely helpful during the pandemic. Thank you!
What program are you using to create these videos?
I use VideoScribe to create my videos.
I'm glad they've helped you.
this was super helpful!
Glad it was helpful!
great video man i owe u one but how did u get the ratio and percentage
Thanks for the help
your a life saver ty
what a video cheers mate
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Omg wait a video that is actually useful thanks kind sir
Glad you liked it
Thank you. I'm awaiting the presentation a complicated punnet square.Thank you
I haven't started working in that video yet, but I am certain it will be beneficial for many.
2 Minute Classroom thank you. the way you're explaining makes me learn so awaiting the video. Thanks ever so much.
I've been struggling doing this on quizzes and now im finally ready for the exam
Sweet!
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You are welcome!
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Glad to hear it!
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You are welcome!
How can you tell that it is dominant or recessive?
ive learned more here than my teacher this whole year
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thanks so so much
Saving me for my bio finals
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Yay!
2 min video thought me something that a teacher woudnt in a couple of hours
Nice thanks for this
Great work, thank you.
You are welcome!
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In the first example the Mother has Green eyes (Heterozygous allele), telling us the big 'G' (dominant allele) of the mother is an allelle for Green eyes (G).If the recessive allele 'g' for the mother in this same example is for a different eye color for example Brown eyes (g), and the father has both recessive allele for blue eyes . What phenotype of eye colour is expected in the off-spring with the 50% chance of acquiring homozygous recessive allele from both parents (that is, Which phenotype becomes dominant in a case of two different recessive alleles acquired from the parent, The recessive Brown eye colour from mother or the recessive blue colour from the father?).
Thanks for your questions. There is no possibility of brown eyes in the first example, only green and blue. If there is a big G present, then the individual will have green eyes, whether it's GG or Gg does not matter. The only way to get blue eyes in this example is to have both recessive alleles, gg. Does that make sense?
It is possible to have multiple alleles for a given gene in which case there will always be a hierarchy of dominance. search "multiple alleles" on google to learn more. I'll probably make a video on it sometime down the road.
is it okay if we place the G where we want?
Thank you sir for this video
Most welcome