Neil deGrasse Tyson Explains How We See Colors
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- Опубликовано: 28 май 2024
- Is that apple in your hand really red? Or is it another color? Or is it even a color? On this StarTalk explainer video, Neil deGrasse Tyson and comic co-host Chuck Nice are exploring how we see colors.
Neil settles the “blue dress vs. gold dress” debate that took the internet by storm a few years back. We reflect on the relationship between scientific advancements and our physiological senses. You’ll learn why things are different colors. We discuss white light.
Neil explains why, if you’re holding a red apple in your hand, the apple is not actually red. What happens if you take a red apple up to a light that has no red in it? What color would the apple be? All that, plus, we talk about “dark adaptation” and how it impacts the way we see colors in the dark.
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About the prints that flank Neil in this video:
"Black Swan” & "White Swan" limited edition serigraph prints by Coast Salish artist Jane Kwatleematt Marston. For more information about this artist and her work, visit Inuit Gallery of Vancouver inuit.com/.
About StarTalk:
Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up!
#StarTalk #NeildeGrasseTyson
0:00 - Introduction
0:38 - What Color Means To Astrophysicists
2:12 - The Debate Over The Color Of 'The Dress'
4:09 - What Are The True Color Of Objects
8:37 - Black Is The Absence Of Color
12:05 - Neil's Dark Adapt Experiment
14:22 - The Most Efficient Way To Take Notes
15:04 - Closing Notes 
Наука
Ooof I felt Neil’s frustration when he was trying to not tell him it would be black. I was literally yelling IT WILL BE BLACK 😹😹😹
Thinking in reverse is hard! Lol
Thinking in reverse is hard! Lol
Same lol
Yes the strangulation gesture was how I felt. Chuck is normally faster than that.
Me too, I was screaming at my monitor. Chuck, its black, BlAcK, BLACK, BLAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACK!
Hencefore the blueberry will now be dubbed "The absence of blue light berries".
Nope, just indicates no blueberries.
Why did that sound like a quote from Palpatine, but with a couple words changed? xD
@@ARandomInternetUser08 That's so awesome! I love Star Wars!
that's not necessary, since blue is defined by the pattern of wavelengths that reaches the eye... it's the same whether you describe which of the wavelengths are absent or which are present.
@@JohnSmith-ol9yv it's a joke....have a laugh!
I admire Neil's ability to communicate concepts, but I also love exploring ideas from deeper perspectives. In this case I really wanted to address a few misconceptions that might arise from his explanation.
When he talks about color (e.g. apple, dress) - the concept is very subjective and is entirely made inside every one of our brains. It has no “physical reality”. This is very different from the scientific concept of spectrum that he is trying to convey which refers to the frequency of light spectrum. The dress color and the idea of apple being red are all perceptions formed inside our primary visual cortex and are interpreted entirely differently by each and every human being on Earth.
People that are color blind will obviously perceive said apple or dress differently, as will people from entirely different cultures to your own. There are countless psychological experiments that show that for example growing up in an Amazonian tribe vs a cosmopolitan city will result in an entirely different primary cortex that’s able to interpret shades of green that a city dweller cannot see. At the same time, the color constancy (relevant psychological concept) means that we also tend to use secondary cortices in our brain to create a kind of a bias toward seeing certain things certain way. Meaning that even under a different light our brains may interpret the apple as red, even though no actual “spectrum” is sent into the eye.
All of these color concepts are difficult to explain without taking the study of perception into consideration, so I find it’s best to explain things one at a time because this is a lot more complex than “white and black” for the lack of better pun.
Every colour has been identified universally same. That's why we all always talk about our favorite and disliked colours.
He acknowledged that people see colors differently and that it's an individual perception. He said "I don't care what your rods and cones are doing" and wanted to focus scientifically on how color comes to our eyes, but yes, it would be very interesting to have him go into how we actually perceive color, as I am quite colorblind myself. I also wish the other guy could actually keep up with simple concepts.
Still 99% of people agree that the sky is blue and the grass is green. And so with countless other things.
@@skychief80 you mean 95% or so😉. Most if not all color blind people only know for sure that the sky is blue and such things from being told so. The rest still see color in slight variations, but close enough that it rarely makes a difference👍
Hellooo Wonderfull Personnn :D
Last week you tell me what we call North and South magnetic poles are actually the opposite of what we call them, and now this week you tell me every coloured object I see is actually everything except that colour!!!
My mind is blown. Thanks for everything you do.
ITS WAY MORE THAN I CAN COVER IN THIS SHORT VIDEO?????......MAKE A LONG ONE THEN NEIL !!!! YOU KNOW WE LOVE EVERY MINUTE OF THESE !! :)
this video felt like 5 minutes
I would like it to be as long as it needs to be
Chuck looks like he smoked a heavy Sativa before the show 😂 Love these 2 🧠 🧠
I believe you are right lol
Smoke one for chuck
Doesn't he always? Makes it easier to brain up 😹
He's totally blasted! The apple part!
He's pretty cooked on this one lol
It's hilarious when after "No way!" and "Just say it!" he said "rainbow" instead of "black" XD
The +100 dislikes are from colorblind people.
Thank you StarTalk and Dr. Tyson for yet another amazing video. We need such educational videos more than ever considering how thru online courses teachers are not as interactive as they used to be in a real classroom. Keep it up! 👏🏻
I loved this episode I did not only learn but I laughed so hard.
Right from the opening joke hahaha
Monkey Brothers UNITE!
Chuck i dont find very funny but he nailed it here!
Color police 🤣
I actually laughed this episode too
This is brilliant. As a director of photography I deal with color every day. A lot of this comes into play especially when I am using color filters in front of the lens. Also understanding why a red filter makes a blue sky dark on black and white film and why a green filter makes foliage light. Awesome episode guys!
Hey, I am highly interested in the subject of filters and photography, where would you suggest I read up (or take a video course) on this?
My fellow art teacher and I are doing a webcast about the Elements of Art as live online lessons for our students. This week is about color and your video just helps confirm to the kids that their teachers know what they're talking about when it comes to this subject. We've put your video on our Deep Dive for the unit. Thanks for being so awesome and we'd love to see more color videos!
You two are so entertaining that you make this science stuff even more exciting to learn. Thank you so much for educating us in this way.
This is the reason i love science
Because science just is, it's fact, it doesn't care about feelings of anyone and that makes it so pure.
@@subject8776true but science is an abstraction of our senses, through experimentation, so it isn’t the true reality but it’s a good indicator of what reality could be.
This was definitely one of the funniest explainers
These guys are funny!!!!
I loved the enjoyment you seemed to have making this. It cheered me up. Many thanks.
I love your videos!! I would enjoy to see more technical episodes! DON’T HOLD BACK NEIL!
I'm sure I'm now the only one that yelled at Chuck: "SAY BLACK FOR GOD'S SAKE! BLAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACKKKK!!"
I did too Fam! I did too!
Same here 😀
Great point ✌🏿😁
#blackspectrum✴️
I had a heated discussion with some old pals a few years back about this exact subject.
Got extremely intense.... BUT I know now that I was totally right, so thank you for this! ☺️
No you didn't🧐
@@jasons7044 I bet he was, if it obviously was proven right objectively.
Our Ancestry not Greeks taught
this science but white Greeks
like Soo Soo many studies gets
aLL of the credit, in Our society 👀
🌍
Amazing episode. I want the rest!!
it's pretty easy to understand this concept as the light our eyes are seeing is the colors that are reflected and not absorbed by any given object
🤣 "An object isn't really it's color." I kept thinking, "There is no spoon." 😂
There is a spoon. The spoon is just not the spoon‘s color.
The prism's use wavelengths as
identifiers to measure its wavelengths.
But don't quote me on that 🎓
#blackprism♠️
@@thenbwkmtkspktrminc.4613 Frequency defines color. Not wavelength. Wavelength varies when light enters optically dense media, and therefore changes speeds. Same is true for waves in general when changing speeds. Wavelength changes when speed changes, while frequency remains constant and defines the information carried by the wave. 700 nanometer Red light decreases in wavelength by 25% when it transitions from air to water, but it doesn't become green just because it is now 525 nanometers. Its frequency remains 430THz, and it remains red light.
However, there is a limit as to how high we can measure frequency directly. This is why radio waves are identified by frequency, but visible light colors, UV light, and X-rays are commonly identified by wavelength. Measuring wavelength is used as a proxy to measure frequency. We mean vacuum wavelength if we don't otherwise specify the medium of EM waves.
@@carultch Holy shit.I never thought abt freq and wavelengh this way.
For all the toxicity in all the comment sections...sometimes u find this kind of gem.
Thx.
I just took it as evidence that our eyes lie to our brains.
Colour is just a pigment of your imagination.
I think its spelt like "Color"..... Well I'm American
@@DrpToast8 yeah it's spelt colour.. Americans must be so lazy they have to drop letters from words or just pronounce them wrong
😆
I see what you did there. No wait, I saw the absence of what you did ... No, erm, I saw what you didn't... I think the Matrix has me but I don't know if the red pill is red...
YOU BETTER STAAAWWP 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣 💀💀💀💀💀💀yours truly, a visual artist lol
These explainer videos are amazing. They bring attention to stuff i had only taken for granted. Great job..
11:03 This is an easy and fun demonstration to do. It's mind blowing. Y'all could easily incorporate it into the video
People definitely looked at me weird when I was yelling "IT'S BLACK! At my phone with headphones on 😂😂
I always feel a bit down when I open a starktalk video and the co-host is not Chuck Nice. This isn't one of those
Awesome!! Need more Eps on COLORS definitely!!!
Thank you so much for this important talk! I'd love more of these. At first glance I was like, 'Only Neil could get this into 16 minutes and make it clear, but I need to know how he did it!' So, I'm glad that you didn't because, yeah, it's just not a simple thing to grasp, let alone truly understand right away. I'm working on a special project that basically combines Visual Art and Quantum Physics to discuss consciousness, so the more of these the better! Like, my reference Playlist must have 20 of your videos on it and, so far, the only one I have to turn away right now is utilizing neutrinos because I really have a hard time grasping that one. It's not eliminated, just put to the side until I can grasp it better.
It is very accurate to say visual artists get a bit freaked by color theory the first time they put it into practice, especially if that person was more conditioned through STEM education their whole life, but mostly because it requires multiple- often contrasting -ways of understanding light & color, contradictory to what one has always been taught. It's why you revert back to kindergarten and start off with the color wheel in Visual & some Performing Arts studies, because that's how long we've all been taught wrong about light & color.
Honestly and surprisingly, I felt worse for the more science based students though. For Visual Arts students this talk is basically freshman year week 1, chapter 1 of Intro into Visual Art, often called Art Fundamentals. The advanced science students who took that course because someone told them it was "easy like middle school art class" often struggled far more, particularly when it came time to address this issue and put it into practice with lighting and/or pigments. Psychology students did better in grasping the concepts, but often over analyzed when it came to practice. Both needed a bit of reprogramming outside of their own areas of study which try to hold things like light & color as types of absolutes due to matters of measurement(they'll say things like "color is waves" and that works just fine in their respective areas, sometimes, but early in Visual Art you need to get more clarity right away by realizing color=light=photons=energy which happens to have wave - like behavior based on how much energy it stores, so far as we can perceive it, and our perception filter is a big issue when it comes to quantum areas like light). However, all acknowledged that what truly blew our minds was how invalued Art education has become compared to sciences yet this kind of understanding is introductory level for Visual Arts but it is an advanced course in their areas.
We tend to use the term "greyscale" when talking about the "black apple" issue though, because of that molecular surface. Yeah "black" isn't inaccurate but remembering how that molecular surface structure is indeed varied and absorbs or reflects/refracts, you'll see several blacks because it won't take away the objects original dimension, just its perception of color value, hence "greyscale". This is important in realistic renderings to understand how it takes all colors to make one but color & value itself are dependent on light amount & source, then translating the type of light color theory into pigment color theory for rendering. Plus, for some who have difficulty holding contrasting ideas, referencing "black" can suddenly make their mind turn a 3d object into something flat & 2D or 1D. There's something about the term "greyscale" that just leaves space in their minds so the mind doesn't shut it out or misinterpret the difference between all or absence of color in white & black. It definately helped the psych students get that grasp.
Technical Theatre is really the best subject for teaching this in a practical 'don't just know it, make it happen' way. No matter what technical department you are in, you will need to grasp multiple ways of 'understanding' & 'executing' light & color theory. This is where it can get far more 'real' to the mind when it comes to getting used to knowing white or black as the absence of light, not of color, and ultimately makes things simpler. It's where you learn that Coca-Cola can trick of the eye and how to make it happen intentionally for design & effects.
And I'm so sorry to do this, I'm not trying to break anyone, but black apples do exist now. I've never had the privilege to try one since they are not hardy to my area and don't preserve well to travel here, but they do exist and I hear tell they are delicious.
Please don't write off the black apple. Give it a chance.
Chuck's teeth is brighter than my future lol
Or the absence of black ...he has black teeth lol
his teeth reject all colors
😭😂😂😂😂
Thats a pretty high bar though. A hidden self-compliment perhaps?
All Might Junior reflect*
We need more languages in captions. This kind of scientific knowledge needs to be spread into all cultures, all people of all colours.
Absolutely agree with you my friend. I can do it into spanish
Wait until the p/c weenies get hold of this: they'll scream that talking about blackness is a form of "cultural appropriation" and make up a "neutral" word to describe it.
Awesome guys. Love this kind of content. Funny but more importantly instructive. 🙌🏿
Grrrrrrreat! Stuff.
Don't stop with these informative, thought provoking and entertaining videos.
Dr. Neil “okay, now watch” Tyson
"Keep looking up !! ... " 🖤🤍
Best duo ever !
You shed some light on the topic, thx!
Just shared this to my fellow ophthalmic technicians new to our field in our practice. This will give them a perspective of light and how we process colors in our vision. I'm also hoping this will help them understand our patients' description of their vision due to their retina diseases that affects photoreceptor cells.
Last time i was this early einstein was explaining his theory
Last time you were this early...she was very disappointed and you made another baby mama.
@@chacdogful HA!
Nice kira prof pic
The “I don’t see color” opening was GOLD, especially for the climate that America is in currently.
Yeah...
So the color is gold? What does that have to do with the climate?
Insane Troll I’m sorry you dont understand what I said
@@insane_troll shut the eff up and troll elsewhere, like 162u.37794.yt
For not seeing color he brings it up in every episode. It is quite tiresome and not at all creative or funny.
Very informative and entertaining,loved this video too!
I love this episode , I hysterically laughed and learned a perspective I've never even thought of.
Chak is high AF LOL
9:40 - Chuck’s mind is absolutely 💥
Poor Chuck on this one 😂😂😂
Yeah he's normally a pretty sharp guy but he was having a tough time today.
@@nathanjasper512 he had to make his eyes red specially for this episode
Great interview, great explanation of Neil! Suscribed!
the red apple explanation blew me away... i'd never thought of it that way. makes so much sense. thanks a lot 👍🏻
They're back..... ✨
More color episodes please! This is enlightening. See what I did there?
Yeah I'm on your wavelength
Yeah they should do videos like this more frequently.
While procrastinating I always thought about this logic and now I am glad that Dr.Tyson talked about this topic.
Reminds me of how I used to photocopy a print that did not register. I would use a yellow transparency between the paper and the photocopy plate. Worked every time.
The baby is at sleep and I’m just here enjoying my cup of Lipton tea while watching these two talking about colours lol best evening ever!!!
My brain just exploded. I absolutely love you Neil deGrasse Tyson and Chuck. You couldn't have found a better match with you two. With Neil deGrasse Tyson being so smart and teaching you the way he does and then you have Chuck on the other hand giving you the comedic relief absolutely love it you guys are the best thank you for what you do.
Chuck sucks. He is not funny at all
His attempt to understand by asking Mr. Neil questions really helped me learn the subject matter. I enjoy this type of education. Of course it goes without saying we have an excellent instructor.
I can't stop watching you guys, please don't stop making this videos!!
10:00 was the moment where Neill really reviews his place as an educator in this world: "Farming is nice, why I'm here and not in a farm?"
Chuck has such bright white teeth. He needs to be in a toothpaste commercial, if not already.🙏👍
Regards
Joy
Just watched this and loved it. ""Resonance" is the key word. A guitar works from the resonance of the string length while tapped or struck (impules) producing a Frequency tone. When you tap (impulse) any objector it will produce a sound or tone. Light is the impules and on any object it touches will produce it's Resonance Color. It all about "Frequencies".
What a hilarious and insightful conversation. Cracked me up, and I learned.
I love this show ! you learn something new and interesting while having a laugh!
Saludos soy de Ecuador, me encantaría que los videos vengan con subtitulos español. Seria fenomenal.
To translate for you, in hopes the channel owner is reading:
"Greetings, I'm from Ecuador. I would love it if the videos came with Spanish subtitles. It would be phenomenal."
Man you and Chuck have great chemistry together u hope you guys keep this podcast up!!
One of your coolest videos...I liked it a lot... fascinating
I love these guys, I’m so glad they are still making short shows during this “pandemic”. I love being able to learn and laugh at the same time. I get giddy when RUclips notifications direct me to a new episode.
0:11 that was the same joke that I thought 😂
Right
Left
As a tritanopia colorblind man - this amused me greatly. I identify by tone - and those RGB numbers are like braille for us folks. Thanks Neil - and that intro music is dope
This was a funny and knowledgeable episode...I love it!!!!!
"don't even say it's gonna be rainbow"
i died laughing
We want five more color episodes 🤗
I love it when my mind gets blown. On this channel, that's to be expected. Love you guys so much!
More color episodes !! Pleasee
Next time I wear black, I’ll refer to myself as the most colorful person in the room.
Aha, but are you reflecting radio??
Neil didn't explain transparency
the way Our Ancestry did TEACH
the world.
But hes a (?) Scientific explanation 👀
@Aaron Seet I’ll put some tin foil underneath. That’ll cover radio and infrared.
If you wear black aren’t you the “most colorless person on the room” since black is the absence of color of light?
@@sandis550 Well he's absorbing all the colors
Sending Dr. Tyson some love from Jeddah ❣️
Thanks for the video Chuck and Neil
Ure the reason why im loving science. Thank for making science entertaining and less intimidating
Can you please make a StarTalk video on the recent discovery of possible Life on Venus?
They already did! Look in the video catalogue I just watched it today
Cyn OG...where?
Send link pls..
@@vb2388 www.startalkradio.net/show/cosmic-queries-life-on-venus/
@@vb2388 sorry I realized I listened to the podcast instead of watching. I do both lol! Enjoy! (PHOSPHENE is the word of the day!)
@@spicysaucysweet *Phosphine.
THAT IS DEEP.
From: "The apple is red" to "the apple rejected red".
that changes a lot of things.
I understood that point, but found it pretty moot. Because following that idea, what we call "being red" simply changes meaning to "reflecting the precise wavelength we identify as red". We do weirder things that we all commonly accept in language anyway! (Contradictions in idioms, descriptions, expressions, etc.)
This episode is so interesting that I had to see back to back
Thanks for your teaching, Neil. Greetings from Rio de Janeiro. I’ve been to NYC Planetarium a long time ago, at the time of the Halley Comet.
This feels like my daily experience teaching physics. I feel Neil.
Funniest episode ever. And Chuck is a great foil, because he is expressing the difficulty we all have with the concept. We all know white light contains all the colors, and we all know surfaces absorb all colors except the ones they reflect, but to use those two data points is still a leap of logic that's tasking.
As an art teacher, this is my favorite science subject and I love teaching color theory... plus, I had a student during a lecture who had a life changing moment when he realized he wasn't "white" and the people his parents weren't fond of weren't "black." Science and art; changing minds one person at a time.
Then get into what causes the differences, and also history of Earth and he can realize how ignorant his parents are.
Absolutely loved this episode
I’m early! Hey Neil, I love your videos!
"...i don't care if you are on lsd..." LOL!!😉🇨🇦
Só
He knew I’d be watching...
Too bad I’m on dmt!
Hahahha
The irony is this: the colour of an object is everything but that colour. A red apple reflects red wave lengths but absorbs all of the others. In effect, the red apple is the rejection of red as the molecular structure does not need that wavelength.
You two are so funny and enjoyable to watch. Oh yeah and informational too😁👍
I remember that from grade school, see Mom I was paying attention even though my grades didn't reflect that...
That's because your grades were *absorbing* all the A's.
🔍
The dress colour is about context of what you perceive the light source to be.
Your communication of science makes the information go straight into my head. Thank you Dr. Tyson, and Mr. Chuck, your humour makes me laugh hard.
Please do more color episodes.
Actually, I think the apple would be something "near black" as in the grey scale, because no apple is precisely red. Imperfections of shades in the grey scale will still reflect.
when your colorblind and still attempting to understand this video
What about the blind people.. Pure sadness
How do u figure out if ure colorblind?
@@bianca3344 several ways. To purposely determine if you're colorblind you would want to take tests which have you look at images made of dots of different colors. They will appear to contain different things (usually letters or numbers) depending on if you're colorblind or not. I'm not sure what type of doctor would perform such a test so the best place to start would be some sort of primary care person.
More generally the first clue that people have that they might be color blind is that other people can distinguish between specific colors while the color blind person can't. It's worth noting that MANY people only discover that they are color blind later in life since for them it's normal.
@Brianca Antunes there are color blind tests all over the internet. The only I use and like is the Encroma color test. It’s online and tells you a lot of info
@@bianca3344 in most cases someone would suspect you were colorblind and tell you. I once read that the most common color blindness is *blue/black color blindness and is found mostly in men. *Hard to distinguish between blue and black
This video is just amazing in every way
9:00 about the sodium lamps, they are still very much in use in indoor grow houses to simulate the "summer sun", they are called HPS (high pressure sodium) lamps.
they have on the other side a metal halide lamp that emits more in the blue spectrum simulating the "winter sun" (MH lamps)
but they are both being taken over by LED systems as the prices drop.
Neil: *Touches his laptop in replace of other dudes Knee when he laughs*
So true :) he is also an arm grabber if it's closer than a knee :)
Love you Niel, one of my hero’s but I feel for you. You were definitely running on running on less sleep before this episode. Stay strong the world needs you
Fantastic episode. Hilarious and very intriguing
10:43 He touched on the issue of additive vs. subtractive color.
And now my wife is wondering why I'm yelling "black!" to the phone.
Does anyone else wish he explained why all paint colors mixed together don't make white?
Because pigment isn't the same as light
he did, in a way, red apple is all colors BUT red so it absorbs all colors and reflects red
same with a blue apple being all colors BUT blue and green apple being all colors but green
so if you mix all of the colors together, it absorbs all colors so it becomes black(or kinda muddy brown/grey that approaches black)
@@frogz All paint colors mixed together absorb all light. Meaning it reflects no light. This is perceived as black. Now if the object reflects all colors of light it comes out as white. Because all of the colors are reflected into our eyes and combined to create white light. A pigment being a color means it reflects that color and absorb all other colors. A colored light is ACTUALLY that color.
Hmm, I've heard twice that all paint colors mixed together absorb all light. Why? Why wouldn't they reflect all light? I mean, each color reflects one color, so if you combine them all, would all colors be reflected?
@@keppela1 the only reason we're able to see anything is because light reflects off stuff and is analyzed by your brains through the cones and rods in our eyes. They interpret the different wave lengths of light that we see as color. The farther apart the peaks of the waves the closer to red. The closer the peaks are the more blue the light appears. This is the visible light spectrum as perceived by the typical human mind. Our sun produces white light. So anything you see as color is actually absorbing all other light and reflecting the color you see it as. A red apple 🍎 reflects red. But it absorb all other colors. The blue 🥏 reflects blue but absorbs the red. Now if you take all the color of paint possible and combine them into one you will absorb all of the light. This means none of it can reflect back to the rods and cones in our eyes and be analyzed as a color. Just as how if you were in a room with no light you would not see anything. No matter the color of anything
This is a favorite explainer to revisit.
Can I just say that this comment section is the most interesting and intellectual I’ve ever seen . There’s full thrown debates about wheather light is a physical inherent property or if it’s a process in our brains that perceives it as real . Amazing