Thymus and T Cell Development | Immunology

Thymus and T Cell Development | Immunology
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▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Contents of this video ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
The thymus is the primary site of T cell development, where progenitors from the bone marrow lacking CD4+ and CD8+ coreceptor expression undergo T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement to generate CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) thymocytes. DP cells undergo selection giving rise to CD4+ or CD8+ single positive (SP) thymocytes that ultimately emerge into the periphery as naïve T cells exhibiting CD45RA+CCR7+ phenotypes. Newly developed Treg cells, defined as CD4+CD25+ cells expressing the Foxp3 transcription factor (Hori et al., 2003), represent 9-10% of human CD4+ SP thymocytes (Watanabe et al., 2005), and express naïve CD45RA+CCR7+ phenotypes (Seddiki et al., 2006). Most of our knowledge of thymopoiesis, the genesis of new T cells and mechanisms for their selection and development derive from studies in mouse models using thymectomy, bone marrow reconstitution, and genetic manipulation (for reviews, see (Germain, 2002; Klein et al., 2014)). In humans, similar manipulations are not possible; however, “natural” experiments involving thymectomy and thymic transplantation and studies of recent thymic emigrants (RTE) provide key insights into human thymopoiesis and how it differs from mice.
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