I was waiting for this lecture! All day long today I have been digging in articles about folliculogenesis, preparing for my PhD exam in next week. This lecture was such a nice and clear summarize in the end of the day
I too was stuck at this point when I was creating this lecture. There is a clear-cut discrepancy in literature regarding this nomenclature. There are two views: 1. Primary Follicle is made up of single layer of cuboidal to low-columnar cells. Secondary follicle is multilayered, and if a cavity forms; it's called tertiary follicle. Graafian follicle is the dominant follicle among these tertiary follicles 2. Primary follicle maybe either unilamellar or multilamellar and the secondary follicle is the one with cavity. (There is no tertiary follicle according to this nomenclature, However some books consider Graafian follicle as tertiary follicle). This discrepency left me confused for days and that's why this lecture was delayed too. Finally, I studied different books of Embryology and Medical Histology. Most of the books that are considered authoratitive text among doctors and medical students (Including Keith Moore's The Developing Human, Junqueira’s Basic Histology: Text and Atlas, Langman's Embryology etc.) support the later view, the one that I presented in this lecture. Initially I decided that I would explain both views in my video but then I though it would leave the audience confused and lecture will become too long. What is your opinion regarding this?
@@MedicoVisual Well I wish embryologist would make up some consensus in this issue :) I think that if a view is correct there is no need to elongating the lecture. Mentioning about the second way of naming is enough - without describinig it too much. But mentioning itself is important in my opinion. I have been studying reproduction sciences for quite long time, guess that is why I was confused. In my personal opinion - the view in your lecture is simpler and easier to remember. I have already used it to make some notes.
About loosing a loved one "How can one forgive self from selves intial body mass development by way of meiosis and mitosis biologically speaking, and forget that the same process is used as gonad values in the form of stem cells, only to find mass making is by self, yet bowel making is heart development, this mismatch of understanding one's frequency of chromosom (23+23) making is confused to repetitive patterns of stem cell development by way of food habit consumption & not using retained Enemas to effectively variate stem cell values". Hope this way of daily routine optimisation of making body mass is better heart development.(we often forget that " i myself made my initial meiosis and mitosis to my own spine & embroylgy , but i am yet to realise how i made myself from there, hope there is a better summary in the way of heart continues development)
Secondary oocyte only continue the maturation process if it get's fertilized, otherwise it gets destroyed without maturing. This process of fertilization and maturation of secondary oocyte usually occur in the fallopian tube.
Please watch the review lectures for to-the-point information. These comprehensive lectures are meant to explain the topic from base up for anyone who don't know anything about the topic.
I have one more confusion, hope you can help me. Are oogonium (in primodial follicle) and oocyte I the same thing? I mean, the oogonium in primodial follicle is not dividing until the ovulation, so is oocyte I 'transformed" (not divided) oogonium? Hope you understand what I mean.
I got what you are saying. Primordial Germ cells are very similar in male and female embryos. They are multi-potent (they have potential to form multiple cell types) cells. They can form 2 cell types (either sperm or ovum), unlike the totipotent cells (e.g. Zygote that has potential to form all cells of an organism). In female these Primordial Germ cells (PGCs) they divide to form Oogonia while in male they divide to form Spermatogonia. This is due to presence of local factors in ovary/testes that kinda "tell" the PGCs that which cell line they should form. Oogonia is "female" germ cell (Now it is no more a "primordial" germ cells) while Spermatogonia is male germ cell. Both Oogonia and Spermatogonia have one thing in common that they are stem cells. What I mean by this is that they can maintain their own population. Normally when a non-stem cell divide it will form two daughter cells that are quite different from parent cell. But a stem cell undergoes what they call, asymmetric cell division. Meaning that, out of two daughter cells that the (parent) stem cell form, one cell is different (or new kind of cell) while the other daughter cell is exactly like parent cell i.e. spermatogonia or oogonia. (I have discussed this in Spermatogonia lecture ruclips.net/video/F4CdkRLhMpY/видео.html). In this way the parent cell population is maintained. Oogonia by nature are stem cells, and so are the Spermatogonia. That's why they also divide to form a one cell that is Oogonia itself (Parent cell) while the other cell is a new one (Primary Oocyte or it's precursor). It is believed that before a female baby is born most of the Oogonia are lost. They form Primary oocytes and the ones that remain behind undergo apoptosis. [However this concept has recently become controversial as now there is some evidence of presence of some oogonia even after birth (Ref: Campbell Biology).] So in summary, Oogonia do not magically transform into Primary Oocyte. Oogonia divide to form two cells, one is Oogonia itself and the other is Primary oocyte. But because at birth all the Oogonia die out and only Primary oocytes remian, most books simply mention that "Oogonia are converted(transformed) into Primary Oocytes). References: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oogonium www.embryology.ch/anglais/cgametogen/oogenese01.html Jones, Richard E. (1997). Human Reproductive Biology, 2nd Ed. San Diego: Academic Press, Elsevier. pp. 26-40, 90-107, 117-125. ISBN 0-12-389775-0.
@@MedicoVisual I see, thank you for nice explenation. So oogonium performs division in primodrial follicle which results in oogonium and primary oocyte? How do they split from each other while they are in one follicle? Is follicle also dividing (and becoming primary follicle)? I am looking for a direct link between folliculo and oogenesis
@@Sarnie.Malowidla Not sure about this. I think Follicular cells surround the primary oocyte (to form Primordial follicle), not the oogonium. Actually, I am not sure about this because I tried to find the reference for it but in vain. If you watch Dr. Najeeb's lecture on Oogenesis you can say that he has shown several Oogonia surrounded lossely by Follicular cells. I mean Oogonia was not shown to be properly forming a primordial follicle in his diagram (Again, he too does not explicitly mentions my hypothesis that I just mentioned here so consider it my own speculation) If you come across a better explanation please inform me as well. You can always comment here or join MedicoVisual's Medical study Group on Facebook if you want (facebook.com/groups/medicovisual/)
@@MedicoVisual Thank you so much for your effort and researching informations for me though. Of course, if I will eventually find out more I will share with you. I already joined the group as Sara Rogozinska. Nice to meet you all!
I was waiting for this lecture! All day long today I have been digging in articles about folliculogenesis, preparing for my PhD exam in next week. This lecture was such a nice and clear summarize in the end of the day
I too was stuck at this point when I was creating this lecture. There is a clear-cut discrepancy in literature regarding this nomenclature. There are two views:
1. Primary Follicle is made up of single layer of cuboidal to low-columnar cells. Secondary follicle is multilayered, and if a cavity forms; it's called tertiary follicle. Graafian follicle is the dominant follicle among these tertiary follicles
2. Primary follicle maybe either unilamellar or multilamellar and the secondary follicle is the one with cavity. (There is no tertiary follicle according to this nomenclature, However some books consider Graafian follicle as tertiary follicle).
This discrepency left me confused for days and that's why this lecture was delayed too.
Finally, I studied different books of Embryology and Medical Histology. Most of the books that are considered authoratitive text among doctors and medical students (Including Keith Moore's The Developing Human, Junqueira’s Basic Histology: Text and Atlas, Langman's Embryology etc.) support the later view, the one that I presented in this lecture.
Initially I decided that I would explain both views in my video but then I though it would leave the audience confused and lecture will become too long.
What is your opinion regarding this?
@@MedicoVisual Well I wish embryologist would make up some consensus in this issue :)
I think that if a view is correct there is no need to elongating the lecture. Mentioning about the second way of naming is enough - without describinig it too much. But mentioning itself is important in my opinion.
I have been studying reproduction sciences for quite long time, guess that is why I was confused.
In my personal opinion - the view in your lecture is simpler and easier to remember. I have already used it to make some notes.
@@Sarnie.Malowidla I am glad that my videos have been helpful for you while making your notes. Thank you so much for your feedback.
I am pinning your comment so that other people might benefit from this discussion. (It is not possible to edit the video once it has been uploaded)
@@MedicoVisual
Good idea :)
Respected Sir,
All the complimentary comments are negligible in front of your exceptional efforts.
👍💚
Thank you so much for these words of appreciation. Such comments fuel my fire of passion to create these lectures
Very good way to deliver lecture using graphic method .keep it up.it is very helpful for medical peoples superub presentation .
Thank you
Very conceptual and clearly explained. Thanks a lot sir.
Always welcome
You r superb. The way u explain is just fabulous. Tnx for ur efforts.
I really appreciate your lectures sir very well and in detail explained and easy to understand also:) bundle of thanks from Germany
So nice of you
Wish i know about this channel before 😊
Very very clear explanation sir if i want to learn histology from basics you have any videos sir??
I am sorry. Histology lectures aren't available as of now.
Check out Dr ashwani kumar histology lecture
@Sum1 Thank you for your recommendation. I checked his lecture. Really nice and sweet.
Very beautifully explained lecture
Thannks
Keep up the good work, sir.
About loosing a loved one "How can one forgive self from selves intial body mass development by way of meiosis and mitosis biologically speaking, and forget that the same process is used as gonad values in the form of stem cells, only to find mass making is by self, yet bowel making is heart development, this mismatch of understanding one's frequency of chromosom (23+23) making is confused to repetitive patterns of stem cell development by way of food habit consumption & not using retained Enemas to effectively variate stem cell values". Hope this way of daily routine optimisation of making body mass is better heart development.(we often forget that " i myself made my initial meiosis and mitosis to my own spine & embroylgy , but i am yet to realise how i made myself from there, hope there is a better summary in the way of heart continues development)
Wow
Wow
🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩
More than amazing video THANK YOU
thank you soo much sir for this amazing lecture
Very helpful
Thanks very helpful 👍
Glad it was helpful.
Where does discus proligerus fits in this topic?
discus proligerus is the other name of Cumulus Oophorus, which is discussed at 18:05 in this video.
Thankyouuu ❤️🤌
Why programmed cell death occur
Can we have the notes as well ?
I am sorry notes are not available as of now
I just watched it to know where does these degenerated oogonia goes before puberty?
Nd still left with this doubt
They are engulfed by macrophages
@@MedicoVisual ok thnku vry much! 😊
@@vanshi237 most welcome
Secondary oocyte is haploid in number right sir?
Yes
Sir ...where secondary oocyte actually matures ???
Secondary oocyte only continue the maturation process if it get's fertilized, otherwise it gets destroyed without maturing. This process of fertilization and maturation of secondary oocyte usually occur in the fallopian tube.
@@MedicoVisual thanks sir
@@faryalhuma9522 You are most welcome
🤗❤️
Too much extra information was given which was not needed at all!!!!
Please watch the review lectures for to-the-point information. These comprehensive lectures are meant to explain the topic from base up for anyone who don't know anything about the topic.
I have one more confusion, hope you can help me. Are oogonium (in primodial follicle) and oocyte I the same thing? I mean, the oogonium in primodial follicle is not dividing until the ovulation, so is oocyte I 'transformed" (not divided) oogonium? Hope you understand what I mean.
I got what you are saying.
Primordial Germ cells are very similar in male and female embryos. They are multi-potent (they have potential to form multiple cell types) cells. They can form 2 cell types (either sperm or ovum), unlike the totipotent cells (e.g. Zygote that has potential to form all cells of an organism).
In female these Primordial Germ cells (PGCs) they divide to form Oogonia while in male they divide to form Spermatogonia. This is due to presence of local factors in ovary/testes that kinda "tell" the PGCs that which cell line they should form.
Oogonia is "female" germ cell (Now it is no more a "primordial" germ cells) while Spermatogonia is male germ cell.
Both Oogonia and Spermatogonia have one thing in common that they are stem cells.
What I mean by this is that they can maintain their own population.
Normally when a non-stem cell divide it will form two daughter cells that are quite different from parent cell. But a stem cell undergoes what they call, asymmetric cell division. Meaning that, out of two daughter cells that the (parent) stem cell form, one cell is different (or new kind of cell) while the other daughter cell is exactly like parent cell i.e. spermatogonia or oogonia. (I have discussed this in Spermatogonia lecture ruclips.net/video/F4CdkRLhMpY/видео.html). In this way the parent cell population is maintained.
Oogonia by nature are stem cells, and so are the Spermatogonia. That's why they also divide to form a one cell that is Oogonia itself (Parent cell) while the other cell is a new one (Primary Oocyte or it's precursor).
It is believed that before a female baby is born most of the Oogonia are lost. They form Primary oocytes and the ones that remain behind undergo apoptosis. [However this concept has recently become controversial as now there is some evidence of presence of some oogonia even after birth (Ref: Campbell Biology).]
So in summary, Oogonia do not magically transform into Primary Oocyte. Oogonia divide to form two cells, one is Oogonia itself and the other is Primary oocyte. But because at birth all the Oogonia die out and only Primary oocytes remian, most books simply mention that "Oogonia are converted(transformed) into Primary Oocytes).
References:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oogonium
www.embryology.ch/anglais/cgametogen/oogenese01.html
Jones, Richard E. (1997). Human Reproductive Biology, 2nd Ed. San Diego: Academic Press, Elsevier. pp. 26-40, 90-107, 117-125. ISBN 0-12-389775-0.
@@MedicoVisual I see, thank you for nice explenation. So oogonium performs division in primodrial follicle which results in oogonium and primary oocyte? How do they split from each other while they are in one follicle? Is follicle also dividing (and becoming primary follicle)? I am looking for a direct link between folliculo and oogenesis
@@Sarnie.Malowidla Not sure about this. I think Follicular cells surround the primary oocyte (to form Primordial follicle), not the oogonium. Actually, I am not sure about this because I tried to find the reference for it but in vain.
If you watch Dr. Najeeb's lecture on Oogenesis you can say that he has shown several Oogonia surrounded lossely by Follicular cells. I mean Oogonia was not shown to be properly forming a primordial follicle in his diagram (Again, he too does not explicitly mentions my hypothesis that I just mentioned here so consider it my own speculation)
If you come across a better explanation please inform me as well. You can always comment here or join MedicoVisual's Medical study Group on Facebook if you want (facebook.com/groups/medicovisual/)
@@MedicoVisual Thank you so much for your effort and researching informations for me though. Of course, if I will eventually find out more I will share with you. I already joined the group as Sara Rogozinska. Nice to meet you all!
@@Sarnie.Malowidla thank you