I noticed you have image scaling / dsr factors enabled in your nvidia settings. Do you have another video that showcases these settings? Also what's your image scaling set to? :D
Someone test Naraka Bladepoint for me since I haven't been able to for almost a year. It's finally free to play and I don't have my new monitor till next month :'(
I want to thank you for this. It was driving me crazy trying to get rid of strange smears and staggering motions all over my games. This is my first high end pc build and this video really makes my performance shine!
Like everyone else said, a HUGE thank you for this guide, I'm running an AMD Ryzen 7 7800x3D with an ASUS 4080 OC and had great framerate but the visuals were not what I expected to get for the amount of $ I spent building the PC. I'd get frustrated seeing people with lower end specs than mine running their games beautifully. Now thanks to this, I'm finally getting the results I expected. Thank you again
what? G-sync doesn't make a game look better. It just gets rid of minor stutters because of frame jumps and gets rid of most screen tearing with or without v-sync. Either you're plain stupid and wasted a butt load of money and had no prior knowledge of basic pc knowledge and decided to buy the highest number component's.
Dude! Ive always played without gsync, and i tried your settings in this video with my i9 13900k/4070/32gb ddr5 6000mhz and its absolutely crazy how smooth it is now. I feel like its more snappy with, even though it supposedly adds a little input lag... Thank you!
Damn finally, not enough people talk about what settings should be used with gysnc/vsync. Not everybody likes to use unlimited fps and have screen tearing idk how yall even do it tbh. Any screen tearing at all ruins gaming in my opinion idk how esports players overlook screen tearing
@@theboy2777 You dont even notice the screen taring. If it happens usually its when the frame right is so high like 200 or something. If the game is under 144 fps everything is fine. I dont see the point of g-sync
If your running within the free sync gsync window you won’t experience any latency penalty with driver vsync on that’s why you cap frames to stay within the window to 4 below max refresh rate.
@@quirobjin2783 whatever your freesync or gsync monitor is rated to just cap the fps in your driver to 4 under max for example 144hz monitor to cap to 140hz then turn vsync on in driver not the game If not you go over freesync gsync range and will get high latency and screen tearing
I already had Adaptive Sync on, but the option to sync every frame (Wait for Vertical Refresh : Always On)@ 5:01 fixed my entire AMD gaming experience. No more flickering screen and my frame rates are way higher at max settings! Thanks so much, now i can finally really enjoy my 6950XT!
This resolved my flickering tearing on new ASUS PG48UQ OLED monitor. Was driving me insane. Implemented all your settings and solid as a rock! Thanks mate 😊
all these years i had dips and stutter feels with a good ass pc and i never used g sync this made my pc feel like im gliding i love you for this one lol
Bro, you are life saver. I really appreciate this tutorial. I have finally capped my FPS to the max. I love you. Just love you so much. My whole image and game feel jumped like 200% its amazing.
Thank you for this guide !! I am running a Ryzen 7700x / 3070ti and I primarily play destiny, I was struggling with terrible stuttering and frame drops in dungeons or areas with lots of enemies, activating G-sync and V-sync together completely eliminated all the tearing! If anyone else is struggling with destiny I can share my game/Nvidia settings
this guide was completely useful for 240hz monitors , with highend cpu gpu 13700k 4070ti, night and day difference b/w my previous settings and these , thanks alot brother
For anyone playing fps competitive(eg. apex legends) getting the best hardware possible is THE definitive solution, i.e more than 240 frames consistent, and a 240hz monitor. The basis is that no matter how much you optimise, you’re still limited by the hardware latency. If your pc is struggling to get 144fps consistently, the system latency that you’ll experience will be higher than a person playing at 240fps, your inputs will most likely be delayed (considering both have the same ping). Ever thought why you insta die playing against pros, even if you’ve got decent aim? Probably cuz the pros play on high end pcs, with the lowest settings to get the most frames as possible.
You sound knowledgeable help me lol. I have a x17R2 3080 to with a 12900 HK with 32GB or ram Dota 2 raises my GPU temp to almost throttle before going back down to normal temps. Also I have a 480hz monitor but I can't get more than 223 frames and it not consistent it goes as low as 130...
Lots of misinformation when it comes to gync and vsync, Nvidia should really give more clear instructions on setting it up. This video is A+ and I hope more people see it.
I habe been all this week looking for a way to avoid flickering on my screen while G-SYNC is activated. I just test Cyberpunk and Far Cry 6 and flickering it is gone!! Thanks a lot bro!
By far the most helpful vid yet. I am having the intended experience now. I love it Warzone 2.0 is soo fast. I am getting more kills. I have a Asus 164hz and I am getting a 1080 @ 90-100 fps avg on a EVGA 2070 super black edition Maxed out settings
Bumping this. So many videos that I'm confused. Was there actually a recommendation to enable variable refresh in Windows in addition to those setting?
@Panjno You explained it very well. I would appreciate it if you could explain how to turn off the monitor and nvidia and how we should adjust the settings in FPS games such as e-sports, cs, valorant. It would be nice if you also explained in detail how we should set the desktop size and position.
TIP: For Nvidia control panel, on the Set up GSync section, if you don't see you monitor on the "select the display you would like to change." option just enable the option of "enable settings for the selected display model" that worked for my Samsung G8
@@MsTatakai Only reason I don't use RTSS is because it doesn't work with all games for me at least, and I couldn't figure out how to fix it lol. But yeah RTSS cap is even better for this.
I noticed your global settings were overall different to what I had more than just the options you mentioned so I changed everything to match and holy shit! I haven't even done the in game settings yet and the fps has jumped waaay up
heres a question which Vsync should you use? in game or through nvidia panel? Ive also heard its recommended to use the games Vsync vs Nvidia panel because the game utilizes Vsync better.
Ran some test, feel like im too capped with G-Sync compared to when not using it. MMA disable, without G-Sync 25-09-2023, 09:20:04 cs2.exe benchmark completed, 20059 frames rendered in 56.844 s Average framerate : 352.8 FPS Minimum framerate : 304.0 FPS Maximum framerate : 374.3 FPS 1% low framerate : 216.9 FPS 0.1% low framerate : 85.7 FPS
MMA disable, G-Sync setup from video 25-09-2023, 09:50:50 cs2.exe benchmark completed, 13894 frames rendered in 58.063 s Average framerate : 239.2 FPS Minimum framerate : 232.2 FPS Maximum framerate : 240.9 FPS 1% low framerate : 166.5 FPS 0.1% low framerate : 87.0 FPS
@@Saridfn It's not affected it's different you are limiting the fps based on your monitor refresh right WHICH IS RIGHT. by turning on G-sync vsync this is the way.
I definitely notice that although the vsync plus gsyncs combo makes halo infinite smooth it adds input delay, I chose the no gsync route for that game.
Great guide and easy to follow steps! How about nvidia dlss? Should I set it to quality, balanced, performance or dlaa for optimum latency in competitive games?
I’m using a RTX 4090 with a budget FreeSync premium 1080p 165hz monitor for now 😂. I’m having to mess with these settings and frame cap to get it smooth until I upgrade to a high end monitor
Im planning to buy 240hz monitor and my fps in cs2 is about 180-300, should I use thous settings or not. Planning to buy new PC later if you wondering why im buying 240hz monitor now :)
I noticed MSI afterburn and evga precision caused tearing, I figured that after two weeks of banging my head to the wall, I replaced my gtx 1070 with rtx 3090 and replace my monitor, I was so frustrated on why my old gtx 1070 with > 70fps were smoother than my 144fps on my rtx 3090. but yesterday I found out its all because of those two apps.
Tested this in my gsync monitor and in my case, LLM Ultra caps my FPS to the monitor's refresh rate not minus 3-15 and the frametime graph is a little wavy. So I cap the fps to -3 with RTSS and the frametime graph is almost always flat now. So my setup currently is Gsync-on, V-Sync on in NCP, V-Sync off in GAME, LLM Ultra, -3 RTSS cap, If game has Nvidia Reflex, follow his advice but take note it's BETTER to turn of LLM settings in NCP's individual game setting if you're using the in-game Nvidia Reflex setting.
I recently found out most Cod Pros (CDL and Streamers) play without GSync or Vsync as they say it hinders input. I've read that's old thinking and doesn't necessarily apply to modern GPUs (such as RTX4000 series). I only play CoD on my PC, can you comment on this? Thanks!
hey, really appreciating your work! could you by chance analyze Geforce Now and gsync? trying out the ultimate membership with streaming with below 25 ms in 4k 120 up to 240 fps... its actually absolutely incredible! ultimate lets you use a RTX4080 with 25GB video ram its soo good that i actually cant believe it! BUT!!! gsync seems top be a funny thing, not working properly. tried on laptop and PC tower on TV and Monitor (both with free sync/gysnc) and had no luck making it run smoothly, even it should. for a good experience i need to lock to a certain framerate... such a shame, but maybe i am doing something wrong here???
I'm currrently using a 165hz monitor and I did what you said. The results are good but what if the game I'm going to play only supports 144hz at the moment?
Hello in the "Manage 3D settings" tab under Global Settings -> Preferred refresh rate (built-in laptop monitor) .... how do I change this setting for the EXTERNAL monitor? thanks
If i have an integrated g sync processor monitor, is it better to use g sync for lower input lag??? 😳😳😳 .. if yes, scaling then should left to display and no scaling on nvidia control panel?
Let me know what games you'll be trying these settings on and if you are on AMD or Nvidia!
Can you do a video to Csgo please ? Is gsync good ? Best settings and stuff pls much love
Is this good for iracing ? I have Nvidia
Would it be possible to do a optimisation video for 4k polling mice in the near future?
I noticed you have image scaling / dsr factors enabled in your nvidia settings. Do you have another video that showcases these settings? Also what's your image scaling set to? :D
Someone test Naraka Bladepoint for me since I haven't been able to for almost a year. It's finally free to play and I don't have my new monitor till next month :'(
I want to thank you for this. It was driving me crazy trying to get rid of strange smears and staggering motions all over my games. This is my first high end pc build and this video really makes my performance shine!
Like everyone else said, a HUGE thank you for this guide, I'm running an AMD Ryzen 7 7800x3D with an ASUS 4080 OC and had great framerate but the visuals were not what I expected to get for the amount of $ I spent building the PC. I'd get frustrated seeing people with lower end specs than mine running their games beautifully. Now thanks to this, I'm finally getting the results I expected. Thank you again
what? G-sync doesn't make a game look better. It just gets rid of minor stutters because of frame jumps and gets rid of most screen tearing with or without v-sync. Either you're plain stupid and wasted a butt load of money and had no prior knowledge of basic pc knowledge and decided to buy the highest number component's.
He even gives us debug tutorial. I think that’s rare, usually getting us to search for another video on that certain issue. Gold.
These settings made my new PC games run buttery smooth! Thank you!
Dude! Ive always played without gsync, and i tried your settings in this video with my i9 13900k/4070/32gb ddr5 6000mhz and its absolutely crazy how smooth it is now. I feel like its more snappy with, even though it supposedly adds a little input lag... Thank you!
Happy to have helped :)
on a modern system, the input lag added is usually 1-5 ms which is great!
I think you need to list your fans and psu as well
I've got the exact same build with a 4090 and this video didn't do jack shit, lucky bastard
@@Panjno For Warzone do you do all this then cap it in game or unlimited in game for FPS?
Damn finally, not enough people talk about what settings should be used with gysnc/vsync. Not everybody likes to use unlimited fps and have screen tearing idk how yall even do it tbh. Any screen tearing at all ruins gaming in my opinion idk how esports players overlook screen tearing
They dont notice it cause of high refresh rate monitor
@@rosefromgrave8358 i dont understand because i have a GSYNC Dell 240 hz monitor and if i dont use gsync/vsync settings then i will get screen tearing
@@theboy2777 You dont even notice the screen taring. If it happens usually its when the frame right is so high like 200 or something. If the game is under 144 fps everything is fine. I dont see the point of g-sync
If your running within the free sync gsync window you won’t experience any latency penalty with driver vsync on that’s why you cap frames to stay within the window to 4 below max refresh rate.
How come?, what should i do for not get the 6 fps penalti?, (sorry my english is not that good)
@@quirobjin2783 whatever your freesync or gsync monitor is rated to just cap the fps in your driver to 4 under max for example
144hz monitor to cap to 140hz then turn vsync on in driver not the game
If not you go over freesync gsync range and will get high latency and screen tearing
Thank you, this is by far the most clear and informative video I’ve seen on this topic
I already had Adaptive Sync on, but the option to sync every frame (Wait for Vertical Refresh : Always On)@ 5:01 fixed my entire AMD gaming experience. No more flickering screen and my frame rates are way higher at max settings! Thanks so much, now i can finally really enjoy my 6950XT!
This resolved my flickering tearing on new ASUS PG48UQ OLED monitor. Was driving me insane. Implemented all your settings and solid as a rock! Thanks mate 😊
i'm going to have to do this.
all these years i had dips and stutter feels with a good ass pc and i never used g sync this made my pc feel like im gliding i love you for this one lol
Bro, you are life saver. I really appreciate this tutorial. I have finally capped my FPS to the max. I love you. Just love you so much. My whole image and game feel jumped like 200% its amazing.
So glad I found your channel. Games are running very smooth now. GTA 5 went from 70% gpu usage with stutters, to 50% gpu usage with no stutters.
Thank you for this guide !! I am running a Ryzen 7700x / 3070ti and I primarily play destiny, I was struggling with terrible stuttering and frame drops in dungeons or areas with lots of enemies, activating G-sync and V-sync together completely eliminated all the tearing! If anyone else is struggling with destiny I can share my game/Nvidia settings
NOTE THAT YOU NEED HDMI 2.1 OR DISPLAYPORT 1.2 OR LATER FOR G SYNC TO WORK
this guide was completely useful for 240hz monitors , with highend cpu gpu 13700k 4070ti, night and day difference b/w my previous settings and these , thanks alot brother
This should be a framework for how guides are done. Had zero questions after watching the video, very impressed!
For anyone playing fps competitive(eg. apex legends) getting the best hardware possible is THE definitive solution, i.e more than 240 frames consistent, and a 240hz monitor. The basis is that no matter how much you optimise, you’re still limited by the hardware latency. If your pc is struggling to get 144fps consistently, the system latency that you’ll experience will be higher than a person playing at 240fps, your inputs will most likely be delayed (considering both have the same ping).
Ever thought why you insta die playing against pros, even if you’ve got decent aim? Probably cuz the pros play on high end pcs, with the lowest settings to get the most frames as possible.
You sound knowledgeable help me lol.
I have a x17R2 3080 to with a 12900 HK with 32GB or ram
Dota 2 raises my GPU temp to almost throttle before going back down to normal temps.
Also I have a 480hz monitor but I can't get more than 223 frames and it not consistent it goes as low as 130...
this is by far the best and most informative tutorial iv seen, and it helped my stuttery problem in warzone, now its silky smooth! thanks!!
Thank you! Game has never been so buttery smooth.
wake the fuck up goat uploaded a new fire informational video
haha much appreciated
Man thanks so much for this video. Straight to the point, but very informative. My 4090 is running 4K 144hz, HDR and Gsync buttery smooth now.
Excellent video. The cadence, delivery and information was spot -on. Thanks
Thank you the difference in performance is unreal
The ultra latency compensates this 4 fps ?
You have les imput lag if you use VSync OFF and CAP a few hz down your refresh monitor.
Lots of misinformation when it comes to gync and vsync, Nvidia should really give more clear instructions on setting it up. This video is A+ and I hope more people see it.
Thank you so much for this. It was very comprehensive, and I certainly appreciate it
I habe been all this week looking for a way to avoid flickering on my screen while G-SYNC is activated. I just test Cyberpunk and Far Cry 6 and flickering it is gone!! Thanks a lot bro!
this video has just taught me my first pc has an nvidia gpu but amd monitor, awesome
Thank you! Now Gsync is working in DX12 windowed mode games. Before watching this video it was working only for games with fullscreen mode. 🎉
By far the most helpful vid yet. I am having the intended experience now. I love it Warzone 2.0 is soo fast. I am getting more kills. I have a Asus 164hz and I am getting a 1080 @ 90-100 fps avg on a EVGA 2070 super black edition Maxed out settings
should we enable variable refresh rate inside windows 10 too? because last tips was for windows 11 only
Bumping this. So many videos that I'm confused. Was there actually a recommendation to enable variable refresh in Windows in addition to those setting?
wow thanks you so much my game is so smooth I have the same amount of fps but its smooth
Thank You Panjno this is a video I've been waiting for :)
Omg thanks for this made a lot of difference
WOW! Made CS2 alot better, feels BUTTER smooth after these settings. Many thanks! ❤
Bro what a fucking helpful video
@Panjno You explained it very well. I would appreciate it if you could explain how to turn off the monitor and nvidia and how we should adjust the settings in FPS games such as e-sports, cs, valorant. It would be nice if you also explained in detail how we should set the desktop size and position.
TIP: For Nvidia control panel, on the Set up GSync section, if you don't see you monitor on the "select the display you would like to change." option just enable the option of "enable settings for the selected display model" that worked for my Samsung G8
is this good for cs?
Thank you SOO MUCH!!!!!
Games feel more responsive to me when i use the fps cap inside the nvidia control panel, and i set my games to unlimited fps.
indeed is way better but yeah... i use RTSS for that
@@MsTatakai Only reason I don't use RTSS is because it doesn't work with all games for me at least, and I couldn't figure out how to fix it lol. But yeah RTSS cap is even better for this.
@@xColdEmbrace i never had a game yet that RTSS never worked ... i use it globally
Usually frame limit in game is the preferred option
@@Jakiyyyyy i don't know how NVCP can't do that... i can on my AMD ... enabling Chill or disabling it while in game works =o
One of the best guides! Thank you!
Brilliant video even better channel excellent stuff 👍👍👍
What monitor do you have? LG….?
I noticed your global settings were overall different to what I had more than just the options you mentioned so I changed everything to match and holy shit! I haven't even done the in game settings yet and the fps has jumped waaay up
heres a question which Vsync should you use? in game or through nvidia panel? Ive also heard its recommended to use the games Vsync vs Nvidia panel because the game utilizes Vsync better.
Thank you for explaining this
This info is welcomed!
g sync dosent pop up for some reason and i did what u daid
@panjno I have a question why did you enable DSR factors with smoothness 0%?
And are we supposed to do that just like you?
Thank you!
THANK YOU ❤❤
Ran some test, feel like im too capped with G-Sync compared to when not using it.
MMA disable, without G-Sync
25-09-2023, 09:20:04 cs2.exe benchmark completed, 20059 frames rendered in 56.844 s
Average framerate : 352.8 FPS
Minimum framerate : 304.0 FPS
Maximum framerate : 374.3 FPS
1% low framerate : 216.9 FPS
0.1% low framerate : 85.7 FPS
MMA disable, G-Sync setup from video
25-09-2023, 09:50:50 cs2.exe benchmark completed, 13894 frames rendered in 58.063 s
Average framerate : 239.2 FPS
Minimum framerate : 232.2 FPS
Maximum framerate : 240.9 FPS
1% low framerate : 166.5 FPS
0.1% low framerate : 87.0 FPS
you turned on vsync ofc you will get capped.
How does monitor settings affect fps??
@@Saridfn It's not affected it's different you are limiting the fps based on your monitor refresh right WHICH IS RIGHT. by turning on G-sync vsync this is the way.
les goo finally wiaitng for a long time for ur vid W
I cant see the option in nvidia control panel after enabling freesync
I definitely notice that although the vsync plus gsyncs combo makes halo infinite smooth it adds input delay, I chose the no gsync route for that game.
thanks man great guide
Thanks a lot...finally i made it
Very easy guide to follow thank you.
Thanks for the video. It helped no end, but how do you play at those frame rates but record at 60 smothly?
this works very good, capping my fps is new to me but the smoothness it gives is superrb! thanks for this @Panjno
Did this, now no man's sky is capped at 48fps :'D
Great guide and easy to follow steps! How about nvidia dlss? Should I set it to quality, balanced, performance or dlaa for optimum latency in competitive games?
my monitor has amd free sync but i have a nvidia gpu, will this cause any problems?
Nope just follow the guide I have the same as yours work perfectly 🎉
@@cyeresocialclub thank you. Also, in the corner it says "Normal". should it say g-sync or is normal actually g-sync?
@@Apathyfr I think if you look back in the video he says normal means g-sync isnt active, watch the video again to be sure.
Appreciate everything thank you
Is that afterburner in the footage showing fps etc? if so you have it set up very nicely.
8:38 is there a reason my 3080 doesn’t have this variable refresh rate option or is it hidden?
Panjno's the man💪🏽
thanks ; )
I’m using a RTX 4090 with a budget FreeSync premium 1080p 165hz monitor for now 😂. I’m having to mess with these settings and frame cap to get it smooth until I upgrade to a high end monitor
Hope this helps as all my games are real laggy I have a 144hz ultrawide monitor 😊
I’m dying a lot more around corners with these settings on. Thoughts?
I'll try latency on ultra, but I usually had it off. I don't feel like doing it right now, which is why I am typing before trying it.
I just turned it on and tried it. The reason I kept it off is because my system is so fast - that it works better with it off.
Great tip schanged some settings based on your recommendations. Nvidia 4070Ti with a LG G Synch 27inch monitor
Big thx
Im planning to buy 240hz monitor and my fps in cs2 is about 180-300, should I use thous settings or not. Planning to buy new PC later if you wondering why im buying 240hz monitor now :)
@Panjno have you had any issues with it interfering with shadowplay? Causing stutters in the recording?
I noticed MSI afterburn and evga precision caused tearing, I figured that after two weeks of banging my head to the wall, I replaced my gtx 1070 with rtx 3090 and replace my monitor, I was so frustrated on why my old gtx 1070 with > 70fps were smoother than my 144fps on my rtx 3090. but yesterday I found out its all because of those two apps.
Should I use Gsync + Vsync + Tripple Buffering?
He said in the video to turn off triple buffering. Just watch the video^^
Tested this in my gsync monitor and in my case, LLM Ultra caps my FPS to the monitor's refresh rate not minus 3-15 and the frametime graph is a little wavy. So I cap the fps to -3 with RTSS and the frametime graph is almost always flat now. So my setup currently is Gsync-on, V-Sync on in NCP, V-Sync off in GAME, LLM Ultra, -3 RTSS cap, If game has Nvidia Reflex, follow his advice but take note it's BETTER to turn of LLM settings in NCP's individual game setting if you're using the in-game Nvidia Reflex setting.
Just to add, the in-game cap gives me wavy frame time graph compare to the RTSS cap which is mostly FLAT.
what about NVCP cap compared to RTSS?@@-rimurutmpst
also you mistyped "turn of" do you mean turn off or turn on?
off xD @@KillerSLM
how bout the game does not have nvidia reflex
IF You on AMD - Should you activater "Frame rate target control on Max FPS 138 if your monitor HZ is 144?
How do you get your frame rate to lock
Wow. A lot of stuff I didn't know about.
Do all full screen games support G-Sync?
Hi, How do i get to the game mode if i am using laptop?
I recently found out most Cod Pros (CDL and Streamers) play without GSync or Vsync as they say it hinders input. I've read that's old thinking and doesn't necessarily apply to modern GPUs (such as RTX4000 series). I only play CoD on my PC, can you comment on this? Thanks!
Thank you.
hey, really appreciating your work! could you by chance analyze Geforce Now and gsync? trying out the ultimate membership with streaming with below 25 ms in 4k 120 up to 240 fps... its actually absolutely incredible! ultimate lets you use a RTX4080 with 25GB video ram its soo good that i actually cant believe it! BUT!!! gsync seems top be a funny thing, not working properly. tried on laptop and PC tower on TV and Monitor (both with free sync/gysnc) and had no luck making it run smoothly, even it should. for a good experience i need to lock to a certain framerate... such a shame, but maybe i am doing something wrong here???
Top mano veio 👏🏻
I'm currrently using a 165hz monitor and I did what you said. The results are good but what if the game I'm going to play only supports 144hz at the moment?
Panjano I need help with adjust desktop size and position which settings are best for gaming
My FPS on CS2 is still stuck at 138 fps and I have a 240hz monitor. I did all the steps?
Hello in the "Manage 3D settings" tab under Global Settings -> Preferred refresh rate (built-in laptop monitor) .... how do I change this setting for the EXTERNAL monitor? thanks
I tested vsync off/vsync on and prefer vsync off, vsync on has too much latency, while vsync off is as smooth but faster
this has nothing to do what he just said. G sync adds no latency at all
If i have an integrated g sync processor monitor, is it better to use g sync for lower input lag??? 😳😳😳 .. if yes, scaling then should left to display and no scaling on nvidia control panel?
Спасибо за видео. Это очень помогло мне с настройкой кс2, она перестала лагать при движении мышью
I had my hdmi cable in the motherboard instead of my vid card 😢 I’m so dum😅
thanks
Is there any difference at all in having low latency mode on ultra vs just capping my fps ?