The Allied Occupation of Germany After WW1
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- Опубликовано: 16 июл 2019
- When the Allied armies marched into German territory in late 1918 under the terms of the armistice, they were surprised to see a relatively untouched land. After the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, the Allied Occupation was made permanent and the troops settled in to stay in a country that did not want them there initially.
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» SOURCES
Leonhard, Jörn. Der überforderte Frieden. Versailles und die Welt 1918-1923 (CH Beck, 2018)
Macmillan, Margaret. The Peacemakers: Six Months that Changed the World (London: John Murray, 2001).
Le Naour, Jean-Yves. La Honte noire (Hachette, 2004).
Schröder, Joachim, Watson, Alexander. “Occupation during and after the War (Germany)” in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War encyclopedia.1914-1918-online...
Roos, Julia. “Schwarze Schmach” in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War encyclopedia.1914-1918-online...
Godfroid, Anne. “Occupation after the War (Belgium and France)” in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War encyclopedia.1914-1918-online...
Pawley, Margaret. The Watch on the Rhine: The Military Occupation of the Rhineland, 1918-1930 (I.B.Tauris, 2007).
Hart, Keith. "A Note on the Military Participation of Siam in WWI." Journal of the Siam Society (ndp): 133-136.
Lauter, Anna-Monika. Sicherheit und Reparationen. Die französische Öffentlichkeit, der Rhein und die Ruhr (1919-1923) (Essen: Klartext, 2006).
Krugler, Gilles. “Allemagne decembre 1918. Les premières heures de l’occupation. In Revue historique des armées 254 (2009): 76-81. journals.openedition.org/rha/...
Mignon, Nicolas. “Boche, ex-ennemie ou simplement femme? Le point de vue des responsables politiques et militaires sur la question des mariages entre militaires belges et femmes allemandes pendant les occupations de la Rhénanie et de la Ruhr (1918-1929).” In Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire (2013) 91-4 : 1259-1283.
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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov ( / zalezsky )
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig
Channel Design: Alexander Clark
Original Logo: David van Stephold
Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2020
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You need to make a video on Luxembourg in World War One really
@@luxembourgishempire2826
#thirdBeneluxCountry
@@TheCimbrianBull link doesn't work
Ww1 was a real estate transaction for the French in ww1. they wanted alsace- Lorraine back after being duped into declaring war on prussia in 1870 due to the EMS telegram. The war started in the east southeast and should have stayed there, But nooooo!! France saw the opportunity to strike while they thought Prussia woulwouli7 ifd be busy with Russia and Serbia. the Prussians knowing all to well the dangers of a 2 front war decided on taking the smaller of the2 allies(France) out first. Prussia 's March thru neutral Holland and Belgian was an exercise to save German blood by not attacking into the teeth of French fortifications troops deployed the new border with Prussia. Naturally the Brits couldn't allow the violation Holland and Belgian, so the war drum rolls in England could off. I guess France had the better insurance policy with a reserve policy in the u.s.a.
@@onesmoothstone5680
It's not a link. It's a hash tag.
At first I was a bit weary about the loss of Indy from the show... but honestly Jesse has done a great job replacing him and I still love watching the show, Thanks for keeping this going!
Jesse sounds like a native speaker of French and German, and so his accent, when pronouncing big scary words, helps me understand.
Yeah, Jesse is great. He’s knowledgeable, great with the languages, and seems like a pretty swell guy.
At first I thought this would be one of those “Joel vs Mike” [à la MST3K] things; however, immediately upon his introduction, I decided I shouldn’t even compare them, as it would be _super_ unfair to both.
While I feel like he lacks the energy that Indy brought to the show, Jesse brings a nice calming tone that eases you into the rather brutal part of history.
It also helps that he can speak French and German very fluently.
Why did Indy leave?
@Cameron Eckwright He did not really leave the team. He is concentrating on the channel World War Two
My father was part of the occupying forces in Germany (Canadian army) when the hyper-inflation was happening. On 'pay parade' days they were given half their pay in British pounds and half in German marks. They were then immediately dismissed and rushed to the pub to spend their marks. If they wanted four beers for the night they bought them when they sat down because the price would be higher at last call.
I met somebody who was in Chile during the hyperinflation and asked him how they managed prices. He said they published the prices for every hour of the day.
my maternal grandfather was ‘forced’ to be in the rhineland occupation army. in late 1918 after the armistace he ws order to go to archangel ij Russia. he refused, as he ‘went Bolshi’ by the end of the war, and he “refused to fight the workers’ so Haig ordered him to be Courtmartialed, and was placed under House arrest, but his regiment threatened to revolt. and with te fear of the BEF units revolting like those breakimng out in europe, the English feared that revolts would spread back to england, so he and his unit were put into the Rhineland Occupation army, and not allowed back into England, till his tour of duty was up in 1922. he menan therewho was serving a army Nurse. so he came out to Australia, and then sent for nan.
I knew about the occupation of the Ruhr, but never thought about the occupation of Germany immediately after peace!
The Rhineland was continuously occupied from 1918 until 1930 prematurely ended by the Young plan (as it was supposed to end in 1935). The Ruhrland is a tributary of the Rhine on the right bank, and is a separate coal producing industrial area: France sent occupation troops from the Rhineland to the Ruhr, indeed the former was a precondition of the later. Indeed France had occupied the Ruhr and even for a few months Frankfurt (which was not occupied in 1923) before the implementation of the ToV. Also, this helps one understand why France starting building the Maginot line in 1929 and Germany's remilitarisation of the Rhineland in was considered such an aggressive action in 1936.
SAME!!-
The fact that Thai troops acted as an occupation force in Germany has to be one of my favorite things this channel has ever taught me.
Colonial troops a lot.
For all the information he's blessed us with, for me to hear that kinda makes me wonder if this is the only video you've seen from his channel 😂
Stirling really be making fun of me for learning something new over two years ago from a channel I enjoyed for over four years.
Please seek emotional help. I hope you get well soon! 😂😁🤣💀🤢🤮🤗
Still my favorite fact I learned on this channel.
The french investigated themselves and found no issues? Really makes you think
Well, they also viewed their colonial subjects as inferior and were definitely interested in maintaining that status.
Well how else is are the French gonna trust to be unbaised?
American third party investigators? League of Nations?
@McFace "Victor writes the History". If there is any total truth in this world, then it is in that sentence. More then we would probably like to admit.
@@TheGreatWar They were also, as you mentioned, losing moral status as a result of the allegations.
These episodes covering post the Armistice are excellent and so important as they show the seeds of so much of Europe's troubles and the information emphasises that ending wars is a lot harder than starting them, which is something we never seem to remember.
Very clever comment!!! From this point of view, the 20s weren't as peaceful as we may think, there was the Russian revolution going on and struggle in Germany, East Europe and Turkey.
"Peaceful penetration". In hindsight, of course it sounds a bit presumptuous and condescending, but at the time the French in their colonies practiced the "tache d'huile" or oil stain tactic, which as its name indicates, is expanding by military means, followed by economical and social development. So in a way, the French tried in Germany what they did in North Africa. So doing a bit of teleogical interpretation of the phrase, the French really meant to absorb and annex the Rhineland (maybe as a Protectorate a lá Morocco), rather than allow an independent state as buffer territory.
Listening to it, the policy sounds like a expanded version of Hearts and Minds. The idea that we could turn a foreign, and formerly enemy, people into an Americanized version.
.. recall times when been told " hey, not so peaceful . . . Come-on . . Faster ! "
something they envisioned in the Saarland after both wars
Alfredo Pascal dioaeo
Alfredo Pascal de
Armed forces in the demilitarised zone. What an irony!
*Koreas want to know your location*
You can't fight in here, this is the War Room!
The "demilitarized" zones are the most militarised zones on the planet.
@@julioalbertoherrera1339 same with the "no-fly zone" in 1990s yugoslavia
Freemasonry establishes what each zone is called!!!
I can't believe I'm digging more these episodes than the actual WWI. Let's be honest, we all studied WWI and a lot of sources can be found, but a deeper analysis of the facts AFTER WWI... Not so much. Thanks guys!
we are learning a lot too, it's weird how these periods outside the "classic" dates get a bit ignored.
"The Victor writes history" they talk of nobility, heroism and strategy , but never on the dirty deeds they devised and carried out to achieve it!!!!!only fools believe them!!!
The USSR won the 2nd world War , defeated germany!!Germany!!! No one hgave them any credit!!!!
this period are always skipped fast in history class were i live. we go through the great wars but the years between only the stock market crash, the return of some land to our nation and a minor mention of weimar germany as a shiny progressive beacon of life and acceptance. so learning about all those happenings now are a welcome thing. but scary too, as much seems to repeat. maybe why its not mentioned much in school.
Remember guys! Always penetrate peacefully.
Thanks mom, i will remember that.
Or at least consentually ^_^
and spray yourselve with toilet water
You can not talk that way to a whote
Well my grandmother and her folks fled the Rheinland in 1924. I don't think you pull up stakes on rumors. She did think the parks and streets were much cleaner there, but the people picked up every scrap they could find for fuel.
The occupation of Germany after 1945 lasted until 1955. The occupation of Berlin lasted until German reunification in 1990.
Rammstein wouldnt call his band this way if occupation lasted only till 1955.
@@Paciat Look up occupied Germany in wikipedia.
I wouldn't say Berlin was occupied until 1990, but rather defended.
@@paulyb7267 If we wouldnt have occupied you, the soviets would have invaded you, or literally starved you out of existence. I know its currently edgy at the moment to blame America for everything but alot of German belly's have eaten alot of American meals.
@@testsubject760 the Soviets?
Dismember Germany. That sounds like a sound plan with no chance for future repercussions!
12:08 "We are the Watch on the Rhine" - it's a great line!
German newspaper gave a somewhat different picture of Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck's Askaris.
Incredible interesting video, the aftermath of WW1 is one of my (still many) weak areas. Thank you so much for covering these years!
I used to watch this channel religiously in the hospital. I survived cancer twice and lost half my face to amputation.. a tumor destroyed my jaw and changed everything.. I was labeled a freak. I decided to start over, and start a youtube channel to inspire others who feel ugly and not good enough for this world.. my scars will not define me. with positive projection you can overcome any mental or physical hurdle. go check me out and subscribe if you want to help me grow. i want to give people a spark of change and join me on my journey!
I like your hair.
@@historycenter4011 thanks man
You must know how a lot of soldiers from the Great War felt when they lost parts of their faces due to wounds from artillery and bullets. Stay strong man.
Christ man that your face doesn't look that bad I've seen people worse than you and most people I know just don't care
"La penetration pacifique". The French always had the sexiest approach to any affaire. lol
More like always had the most cynical approach.
Very seductive name....
Relax, German women are easy girls
20:42 "we investigated ourselves and found no wrongdoing"
Of course they wouldn't
What’s surprising is that the French said anything positive about their colonial troops.
@@warwickeng5491 I don't think you have any idea of the tremendous racism back then. They definitely could have played this "savages" card to bargain/blackmail germany
"Allegations were proven largely untrue" Yea but still some were true :p
@DevilTrigger No point discussing with you if you reshape history to match your political views.
Did you know Douglas MacArthur almost married a German Girl he met in the Rhineland (Herta Heuser)
and you know one of his asian mistresses later killed herself?
Sven thanks killjoy
@@MrSvenovitch She commit Seppuku for dishonor her famirir.
And he saved japan from starvation 45-46
Sven big D brought a libel suit against a reporter. When the reporter added Mac’s mistress to the witness list the suit was dropped. I shall fold.
The French throughout history often wanted to take the Rhineland, so not that surprising.
@solidmoni Nah, pretty much every country has had controversial interests at some point, like the French did. Not unique to them at all tbh.
Yep. Those are the natural boarders. The come back of the Gauls boarder.
Plus the Saarland!
@@michaelwackers6475 THE NATURAL BOARDERS. Full stop.
@@walideg5304 These "natural borders" are where exactly? Most of the Rhineland provinces had been declared as "truely French" by Napoleon in that time. Napoleon tried to annex Badenia and Bavaria as well, and French troops even invaded contries like Italy, Switzerland and Austria. Finally Prussia, the Baltic region and Russia. Quite some French politians in the early 20th century had a similar mindset.
Very well done, as usual. I already knew about maybe half of this stuff and appreciate being informed about the remainder. I still see traces of the events described that reach back from today especially concerning colonial Africa and Asia. The Germans and French have gotten on pretty well since WWII, but that's a small slice of time when talking about natural rivalry that goes back millennia. I hope that they continue to see themselves as friends.
Great video, but one small error, the Siamese or Thais were not a participant with the French occupation force. The men shown are "Indo-Chinese" AKA Vietnamese from the French colony (at that time period) known as French Indo-China.
Would Laos and Cambodia be part of that as well?
There was a Siamese Expeditionary force sent to WW1 by their king for political reasons and this troops participated briefly in the occupation of Rhineland before returning home to Siam.
@@dr.lyleevans6915 Yes.
These every other week uploads are always worth the wait
thank you Mr dreamy von Brockdorff-Rantzau
@@TheGreatWar of course leave to you guys to know who my picture is. I always get asked if it's hitler lol
This is probably my favorite channel! I love that you went over every week in ww1 and since you covered everything now you are doing everything leading up to the war and everything that came after. It does a great job of showing how complicated history is.
Great video, I certainly hope you can keep up the quality
Excellent episode Jesse !! Keep the good work !
Thanks for this show!
Terrific video, explains in great detail the problems encountered by the victorious countries post-war 👍
The strip between Germany and France has been disputed since the death of Charlemaigne.
Since Julius Caesar.
Great video! I love your channel & I hope you keep coming out with them. Will you keep doing video’s specifically about countries or people?
Thank you For the amazing video keep up the great work!
My Grandfather was one of the soldiers that had occupational duty in Germany And I have a ton of postcards from friends he met in Germany
As usual, a really interesting and well produced episode. One area that I've always found interesting about this period was the "Free State Bottleneck" caused by the thin gap (with no railways) between the French and American bridgeheads
Yes, we wanted to include that but it’s quite hard to find photos of it.
"We *are* the watch on the Rhine"
That was harsh, brits!
Well, they were trying to show "friendly dominance", after all. XD
@@toddhughes2859, friendly like your Robert Rogers picture! Hehehe
Interesting, thanks for covering!
Excellent as always, you guys are one of the best history channel on yt.
Thanks!
Thanks so much for such interesting content!
Very interesting episode, thnx guys!
Very interesting time and place, and something so often overlooked, the ground-level everyday experience of such seminal historical periods
I still love that intro. Captures the feeling of the times so well.
I love you guys, you are amazingly good! Please keep up the good work for the good of next generations
This is some very useful information that I had no idea about which leads into World War 2. Thanks!
love your work Jesse!
A nicely informative video. I knew nothing about the Allied occupation of Germany after WWI. But now I know a little more. Nice job.
One of the best episode of the new content. Gj and keep it up guys
Thanks!
A video finally and thankyou.
Great work!
Great episode.
Good job on the video always have great content btw I got a question how long does it take to make these episodes
All in all around 100 hours split among the entire team of course.
I am so glad you did this project!! I’ve always had a great interest in WWI but didn’t know where to start.. this is perfect for me. Thanks again
These videos are getting better.
Hey, this is the first video I've watched with the new host, he's doing a great job :)
Thanks!
Excellent content. Almost all of this was not well known to me.
I love you Jesse!
We love you too
awwww!
I've never heard the words "Boche" and "Rhenish" until now
The names of German territories in English are fascinating to our German ears.
@@varana thanks. I thought it might be a pejorative
I first read the title as "The Albanian Occupation of Germany"
Thats a less known chapter of history ;)
The OG wacht am rhein
Albania stronk
Zog was an absolute legend for defeating the entire German Empire singlehandedly.
2020's "Muslim occupation of Germany"
I have a jacket of a American soldier that was part of the occupation of Germany in 1919
It's made of an America soldier? Sounds creepy.
Does it put the lotion on?
@@nikolajwinther5955 it's terrifying
It keeps mumbling That Johnny Got His Gun
I have an occupation medal of an American soldier who was part of the occupation. That soldier was my grandfather.
I wish I knew about this channel YEARS AGO when it first started. Honestly try to find others who appreciate history this much I DARE YOU.
The Great War or the First World War as it is wrongly known didn't end in 11th November 1918. The Great War ended in 2nd September 1945.
There was a prolonged period of cease-fire and inexplicable humiliation of Germany and Austria. Inevitably opened issues had to end once and for all between 1939-1945.
Finally someone with brain.
More superb content and presentation. Thank you to Jesse and the Great War team!
It seems that the British were more inclined to intervene in Russia than participate in the occupation of the Rhineland.
Some of the German unenthusiastic reaction to the Allied occupying troops brings to mind the way the people of New Orleans and other cities and areas in the South reacted to occupation by the Union Army.
Given the behavior of some French colonial troops in Italy in World War Two, one can understand the worries of Germans vis a vis colonial troops.
Hello, what's the name of the music you use in the intro? Can I find it somewhere on YT?
My grandfather was caught after curfew (Stolberg) while he was dating my grandmother. The French were taking him off to shoot him when he escaped into a thick hedge and got away. At least the story he told me.
Best WW1 channel!
Eating breakfast while watching this. Perfect timing.
Guten Appetit
Same here!
Eating dinner while watching this. Perfect timing.
Don't forget your prayers.
So tension is slowly building up.
Anyone else think Paul Tirard looks a lot like Indy?
Coincidence? I think not.
Seemingly my mother’s maternal grandfather (b 1895/6) served until 1920 during the occupation of the Rhineland.. I have cigar case she bought there, one bears Köln cathedral
I knew/felt Jesse Alexander was Canadian purely by the way he pronounces things in french.
This episode is very interesting, however unfortunately, it lacks to mention major aspects and essential aims of French foreign policy of these days. Key to understanding what actually happend, is to take a look at the old Napoleonic plot to annex all of the Rhineland provinces. In order to understand related French "tradtions", it is also necessary to analyze what had happened in related prehistory. In fact, trouble started in the 17th century, when France's most practicable option to expand her territory in Europe, i.e. to annex new regions on the continent, was to wage war on states in the east of these day's French domain. The first step was to annex Alsace and to do some slow ethnic cleansing there. Ever since occupying Alsace, until the beginning of Cold War in the 20th century, French elites had been aiming at the Rhineland. "Rhineland" in particular comprehends the rich Rhine provinces. As Rhine provinces finally had developped to strong industrial regions, appetite of French elites for these rich German provinces became even worse. So after the Great War, Clemenceau and his friends did their best to make their stooges announce "independet republics" within the territories controlled by their occupying forces. This was to set the scene for planned annexation of regions according to the old Napoleonic plot. Fortunately, British government and US diplomats averted this plot, after massive uprisings and communist rebellions, ignited by Eastern European red revolutionaries and backed by new USSR, struck Central Europe and threatened to destablize Europe as a whole. Nevertheless, French occupation became worse at this stage and atrocities committed became part of the occupational concept. Therefore, population in Rhineland got terrorized by both, French occupying forces and communist thugs looting, raping and murdering people, thus setting the scene for the rise of Albert Leo Schlageter and his paramilitary troops... As French occupying forces executed Schlageter and French government escalated conflicts by sending troops from their colonies, killing passersby reportedly just to get their watches, as well as even raping children, these day's French government had done it's very best to prepare the ground for the rise of any type of extremist movement.
Jokes on the allies, in hoi4 I remade the German empire and now occupy France 😂
Ave True To Caesar I took it a step further before the war even started
Germany: pulls up console command *Annex Fra*
French people wake up one morning: we are german now
Phantom Krieger lmao
@@eggnog5114 Yep, and then Luxembourg invades your German empire and WINS! LOL
The right of self-determination - what a crock. Nobody ever has the right of self-determination when opposed by a coalition of militaries.
Amazing, I am looking now at my Grandad's postcards and coins (many factory tokens) from Germany in 1919. Just a few along with many more from Belgium and France. They've been in the same metal chest for a 100 years. Doesn't seem so long ago now.
War, the hobby of humanity
Woohoo! Glad to see new faces taking on different roles. Props to anybody with the intestinal fortitude to get in front of the camera
There was an interesting study that was recounted in the old New Scientist magazine (before it was bought out by the globalists) . . of in a questionnaire people were probed in a roundabout way about how they felt about public speaking & it turned out the majority preferred death to public speaking
*LIE DOWN*
*TRY NOT TO CRY*
*CRY A LOT*
How can you pronounce German and French so perfect🥵
Jesse grew up bilingual English/French in Québec and he started learning German 10 years ago and lives and studied in Vienna. He also speaks a bit of Russian.
@@TheGreatWar wow amazing
@@TheGreatWar You sure found a perfect host for covering european conflicts then. He does a great job!
You just shove some macarons in your mouth, and add beer with it, then mush it in your mourh to fine paste and try to say "omelette du fromage"
the cast of BBC's "Allo Allo" do it better tbh :D
Bears mentioning that, according to the documentary Forgotten Soldiers, while French African Colonial troops were stationed in Metropolitan France the French citizens who met and interacted with them slowly saw their prejudices dissolve and some even saw through the imperialist propaganda (eg. they’d teach childish French to the recruited soldiers to make them seem naturally dumb).
Es braust ein Ruf wie Donnerhall,
wie Schwertgeklirr und Wogenprall....
I really enjoy this Jessie guy he’s doin a great job
The last time I was this early Hindenburg was retired from the Military
13:00 a dog powered gun wagon? Awesome.
I actually served on attachment with the BAOR, interesting to see that it wasn't an invention of the Cold War. No wonder we lacked troops for the Troubles of 1919-21.
I'd only seen pictures of Adenauer when he was chancellor - I didn't know he had a head like a space alien.
This was very interesting, My grandfather was in the American troops that occupied the Rhineland. He said the land was clean and they got along well with the German civilians. HH came home and was discharged the year afterward. He also had a great deal of respect for the German soldiers and disliked the French and the British who wouldn't admit the needed the Americans to win the war.
When is the next Top 10/11 list coming out?
I learned a lot.
You guys continue to astound me with history. Why is this period of history not taught in classroom? Granted my schooling was based in the USA. To me the teachers were either lazy or ignorant as I was. As I said before, the Versailles Peace Treaty was messed up as bad as when the WW1 started. All of this reminds me of what Representative Charlie Wilson said “All these things happened, and they were glorious and they changed the world. Then we f*cked up the endgame."
because ww2 overshadows ww1 for obvious reasons
13:06 reminds me of images of Belgian soldiers and their dogs from 1914.
I'm watching this episode right now and a funny thing just happened: while Jesse was talking about demilitarised Rhein land, German army advertising popped out from nowhere
What exactly is happening around 21:20?
Another perfect episode from Jesse, Flo and TONI :)
Thanks :))
2:39 that already the recipe for another war.
Peacefull penetration 😂😅 sorry haha I just die in laughter when he said that hahahah
It must be remembered that German armies occupying France and Belgium in 1914 behaved with considerable barbarity towards civilians. The German people were treated far better by the victorious allies.
Damn dude you're somehow giving Indy a run for his money! This obscure history is fascinating, engrossing, and relevant today. It's like finding and biting into the forbidden or unknown fruits of history. Juicy and ripe
Perhaps do an video about Assyrians and Kurds who helped the Entente and how they served in the army and how was the political region and independence aspirations. And the reaction of important assyrian,kurd figures after the changes of peace treaty.
We will try to focus more on the middle east in the upcoming months.
Assyrian?
lol that ending.
They should have taken a hard stance in 1936.
also whats the song of the intro?