Why Ukraine and Poland Went to War in 1919? (Polish-Ukrainian War Documentary)
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- Опубликовано: 6 сен 2024
- Lviv or Lwów are two names for the same city that was known as Lemberg until 1919. The Poles considered it as one of their most important cultural and political centers, the Ukrainians too. And so, in the aftermath of the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the question of who would control this city led to conflict: The Polish-Ukrainian War.
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» SOURCES
Smele, Jonathan. The ‘Russian’ Civil Wars 1916-1926 (London: Hurst, 2015).
Mawdsley, Evan. The Russian Civil War (New York: Pegasus Books, 2005).
Leonhard, Jörn. Der überforderte Frieden. Versailles und die Welt 1918-1923 (CH Beck, 2018).
Macmillan, Margaret. The Peacemakers: Six Months That Changed the World (London: John Murray, 2001)
Dudko, Oksana: Polish-Ukrainian Conflict over Eastern Galicia , in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2014-10-08 encyclopedia.1...
Kutschabsky, W. Die Westukraine im Kampfe mit Polen und dem Bolschewismus in den Jahren 1918-1923 (Berlin, 1934)
Davies, Norman. White Eagle Red Star (Random House, 2003 (1972))
Sharp, Alan. The Versailles Settlement. Peacemaking and the First World War, 1919-1923 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008)
Judson, Pieter. The Habsburg Empire: A New History (Belknap Press, 2016)
Böhler, Jochen. Civil War in Central Europe, 1918-1921 (Oxford University Press, 2019)
Timothy Snyder. The Reconstruction of Nations. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003)
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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov ( / zalezsky )
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig
Channel Design: Alexander Clark
Original Logo: David van Stephold
Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2020
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*Ads like this help us with the production of this show, for example we were able to hire someone in Kiev this month who was able to get us pictures from the Ukrainian National Archive. This included a lot of analog bureaucracy and of course that kind of work doesn't come for free.
Do us a favour and bayonet charge on
Jan Rudnicki shut up
Will you guys do an episode on Lithuania
Jan Rudnicki No one was completely innocent in these times. Not Poles, not Ukrainians, not Russians, no one
@@chervon5773
We have documents that speak differently.
Also the whole conflicts in the East were insane. In 1919 alone, Kyiv changed hands over a dozen times. Imagine living there and being part of a different country every month.
That is interesting to know. Can you give me some reference for further studing?
TheTimer81 read some Bulgakov books, for example "White Guard" it's about White officers in Kiev in that time
@@TheTimer81 It's probably like living in Stalins Italian city STALINO ops I ment donensk today. That's just as insane
@@Newbmann wtf are you on about
zapelen Bulgakov was pro-white and all his memories directed to praise all that dedicated to russian empire
History class never talked about this war
mine too, that talked a lot about the Russia civil war and a very small part about Allied troops being used to help the Whites vs the Reds
Indeed... I guess it disrupts the 'easy' black and white morality that made the Germans the bad guys in the initial stages of the following great war. Afterall, a poor, unprepared and innocent Poland is probably more sympathethic than a Bellicose Nation, hungry for power and filled with a sense of superiority, that almost immediatly after it's conception started to wage war on it's own neighbours.
But then again so is war, so is politics. The rich and powerfull give the tune and the little man can do little more than to dance the jig and make the best of it.
I mean, in the grand scheme of the entire history of the planet. You wouldnt see this one covered as it hasnt that much of an impact as other wars. But still interesting nonetheless
Irrelevant to world or american history. History class isnt gonna talk about every bloodly little conflict.
Shut up you toxic anti semitic fool.
I'm so glad someone is covering the post-WWI conflicts in-depth. Only recently my only knowledge of anything after WWI was the Spanish Civil War, now I have a whole new period of history to study!
Yes, I was thinking that during this video. I've seen the same history repeated over and over on TV, but not THIS history. It's a chance to learn new things.
You really don't hear much because that is the Western narrative. In the East, war fighting never really came to an end. After the Russian Revolution things accelerated. Just look how much has already been covered by this channel.
In the same time was Czechoslovak And pole war about silesia..or Czechoslovak And hungarian war about slovak land ...romanian army join ...And
Many more
And Czechoslovak legions war in the russia against red army...it was blood time... Incredible story about our legions in the russia...
Check out thr Rif War.
I never knew about TWO different Ukrainian states and armies. Thank you guys, this channel keeps getting better!
And in Kharkiv had its own capitol and government soviet Ukraine..
Probably even more than that. Ukrainians anarhists and their warlords where also force to be recon with. Thats why western powers didnt consider Ukraine as serius nation.
Those were Russian puppet states though..The Donets republic and the newly founded soviet Ukraine!
Ukraine would cease to exist in the not to distant future. More than 30 millions see themselves as Russians and would eventually rejoin Russia.
@@user-hb4fc8be2w if that were true Ukraine would never exist. In 2013 they did a survey with 91% of the 42 Million Ukrainian citizens considering themselves Ukrainian. Ukrainian is a nation whose seperation from Russians and Poles is very clear. Our languages are different, we have different last names, wear different national clothing, have seperate history and have different traditions. Ukraine is a mono-ethnic country, over 90% are ethnic Ukrainiand. U are brainwashed my Serbian friend! If that were true Ukraine would have ceased to exist kn 2014 with the Russian spring..which by the way was pretty small..Biggest pro-Russian demonstrations had only 10,000 ppl in Donetsk...
The War to End All Wars ended November 11th 1918. Somebody obviously didn't get the memo.
The War to End All Empires seems to fit better
@@MusicandGamesandStuf in that case Britain, France, and Japan didn't get the memo
@@justinbeath5169 And the USA.
@@conveyor2 America isn't an empire
@@justinbeath5169 But had colonies, like the Philippines or Puerto Rico.
I'm absolutely baffled by the number of wars from 1900 to 1944 it's insane. And they definitely never went through it in public school history classes! I find it extremely interesting.
Because they want to tell you the rest of the world outside of Europe is uncivilized and always at war with each other, specially the African tribes. And it's not just from 1900 to 1944. Remember 100 years old, thirty years war, thirteen years war?
Censorship of History was intense in my day and continues. The Internet makes us free!
It doesn't fit the narrative of 1914 -18 and 1939 -45 the British are used to as the wars because they were ours the others well that's nothing to us, what is remarkable is how restive eastern Europe west Asia was until the early 1920's violence begats violence in one way people get fed up with it all in another it's like aftershocks from an earthquake
Not covered in school because they are too busy convincing children they are trans or showing drag queen shows
You mean 1914-1945?
Happy Birthday, TGW! Been watching since year one.
I was late to the war (1915/2015), but not as late as the yanks. Just kidding, we love what you did for us.
I`m impressed how honest and clear way you have pictured complexity of political and military situation during Polish-Ukrainian War of 1919.
Thanks!
As a Ukrainian, I can confirm that this viseo is objective and neutral. Thanks.
I am Ukrainian and I also share pan's Wojciech opinion about honesty and clarity of this video. It is imporant to look back reasonably for both nations.
To all three of you: I am very glad you chose to comment. We knew this episode dealt with a topic that is still sensitive for many people, and we put a lot of effort into the research and the writing (down to discussing some individual words we used) to make sure we told the story but also did so in the most objective balanced way we could. Of course many people will criticize (and that's okay, it's youtube comments), but I am glad you saw our effort!
I agreed. Peace
Romanians and Polish = brothers. Cheers from Romania
Erdely is Hungary
*hears Prezmysìl Fortress and Lemberg mentioned*
"Hello darkness my old friend..."
I love the different pronunciation of the city by Indy and Jesse. I am British, and just say 'Przzmshlll' I can't do it.
@@neilwilson5785 I can relate, Neil! Being Italian, the tendency is to beat down on the z and have it as PR(E)MIZEL, but it's not correct.
Try after try, I got around an half decent "premishil", but huge props to both Indy and Jesse for being so polyglot versatile
the secret for Przemysl is that the word has only two silibels when you pronounce it.
@@TheGreatWar isn't that the secret for the whole polish language? XD
Well you also may name Prezmysil on ukrainian (Peremyshl) or german (Premissel)
Western Ukrainians Peoples Republic and the Ukrainians Peoples Republic? Next you'll be talking about the People's Front of Judea and the Judean Peoples Front
Monty Python were well educated, and knew about history. In the UK we joke in order to tell the truth.
@@neilwilson5785 You don't need to tell me how we joke in the UK, I'm from there
What have the Romans ever done for us?
Splitters!
Thomas McDonnell those might as well have been factions in these wars, Lwow, Odessa, and Kiev were all majority or plurality Jewish.
Wait we gonna get four more year of this. You're a blessing
There probably is four more years worth of material due to all the fallout from the war.
Between the German Revolution of 1919 and the solidification of everything in Europe by 1925 there is a lot of stuff to uncover in between...
Thats the job of between two wars
I cannot believe how incredible it is to finally hear about this war from an outsider perspective. I never heard this conflict told not from the point of the combatants
I never paid much attention to the period right after the war. It's really fascinating how the fighting never stopped.
When you dig deep into European/Mediterranean/Near East history you see that war never ended. For small areas there would be "peace" but it was only temporary. The crazy thing is much of the fighting and wars was over who gets to sit on the throne!!
@@LuvBorderCollies I "luv" your screen name. One of the best dogs I ever had was a Border Collie. They are amazing.
@@oldesertguy9616 Best dog a person could ever hope for but they are a little challenging as puppies. LOL
Still hasn’t
Дуже Вам дякую за цей епізод та його виважений зміст!!! (Thank you very much for this episode)
мало інформації - таке відчуття що спеціально так мало
@@mambacosplay2790Ну він не хотів поляків образити
Polish moustaches used to be glorious.
Funny how the German name of the city is politically neutral in this case.
Great to have you guys for all these years!
@Polish Hero Witold Pilecki poles where the ones who tried to asimilate ukrainians austrians did not
@zx yeah west Ukrainians certainly always have collaborated with Germans
That's nonsense to call the city German-Austrian! This is the term used by the occupiers and is certainly not the name of this city in English! Incidentally, the city should be called Polish Lwów in this context, because the majority of the population was Polish at the time and the city then properly belonged to Poland after this war.
Yes, it is apparently politically neutral for an outside observer. For those, who are emotionally involved like Poles and Ukrainians, it's most certainly not.
@@GreatPolishWingedHussars Lemberg was official Austrian name and it was printed on maps like that up to 1918. Google some.
Are you make a video about Polish-Soviet war ?
we will make several
@@TheGreatWar thank you
@@TheGreatWar I can't wait to watch! Thanks for shining more light, on not well known wars and events.
*a young angry Stalin wants to know your location*
In this war Ukraine is ally to Poland :D
Jesse well done, your coming of age on youtube has flourished, as you seem every bit as confident and enthusiastic as Indy. I'm happy to continue watching this channel even after the great war
Thanks!
Ukraine: We are surrounded by enemies
Polland: So are we
Lets Fight!!!!!
Ukraine has been eliminated.
As you noticed there were 3 ukraine’s and poles fought on with the smallest of them.
Poland had only enemy to the east, while Ukraine had them on all sides.
@Sigillum Militum against Lithuania you waged aggressive war, thus it dows not count. And with Czechs you only fought for one city. Thus it also cant be considered equal to Ukrainian situation. Poland only got freedom because of luck and that bolsheviks had to deal with Ukraine and were far away.
Poland has it easy - they don't have to fight the russkies every day, because Ukraine is in between.
@Sigillum Militum Don't worry, OrkosUa has the kind of knowledge about the history that the Ukrainian government will allow him hehe
Jesse is much more comfortable in front of the camera. Bravo!
Practice makes perfect ;)
@@jessealexander2695 What were you doing before you signed up for the show?
Uber
@@salluna1957
ROFL! 🤣 😂 😅
@@john_smith_john Watching the show! (and working for a university)
Great show . May Ukrainians and Poles never fight again!
We today stand united in our hatred of russian fásçísts. Poland and Ukraine are the real brothers
Jeszcze lwów nam muszą oddać i Odessę
Thank you for this video! My grandfather's uncle was a soldier of Western Ukrainian People's Republic. He has never came back from the war und my family doesn't now, what has happend to him. I hope he rest in peace as all participants of this war.
A shame that they never returned. I hope they found peace, wherever they are.
@@concept5631 He will have a martyrs death for his land
@@jjdelft3216 which land it was 2 republics ten dialers lemma a mess first ukrainian should have united and stop making pogroms
@@jjdelft3216 if that’s how you think I hope you’re doing the same now
zdechł jak pies... ci ludzie popełnili wiele zbrodni! nie zasługują na szacunek... tfu!!!
As a Ukrainian, I had to thank you for your work, I wish I found this channel before I started to learn about this period of history
My family is from Lwow an they have never made distinction between Pols and Ukrainians weird
@@joannazywotko7753 have you seen Wolyn? It’s been banned in Ukraine for 5 years
@@joannazywotko7753 that is weird since there is difference in language, religion, basic understanding of notions for example of the word nationalism
@@Xavry2115 the first: how can you guarantee it? The second: why would we need Rostov? The third: how is that Lviv a Polish city? I'm not sure if you're the bot or quite a silly person. When someone, especially in the modern world, tries to redraw the country frontiers by war which is claiming to be national liberation and fair it brings nothing but more grief, intransigence and discord beyond the peoples.
@@StoutProper what been banned and why?
Poland and Ukraine are destined to live side by side, so we better learn to cooperate or at least respect each other. Let's leave history to professional historians and live in peace! 🇺🇦🤝 🇵🇱
Agreed.
Makhno and the Anarchists surely deserve an episode of their own?
give us two more weeks
@@TheGreatWar Excellent! Thanks for all your hard work!
Makhno was quite a character to say the least. He was the original gangsta!
@@TheCimbrianBull Arguably, he invented the drive by.
@@TheGreatWar Maybe a video on the contributions of Ukrainians during ww1? The Sich Riflemen, Tsarist Ukrainians, Hetmanate and People's republic forces and their deals with Germany? Please?
Slav 🇵🇱✝️☦️🇺🇦
One love fellow brother
Sad that they couldn't agree on the bigger threat being the Soviet Russians, if West Ukraine and Poland had reached some sort of agreement, they could've had a chance to at least have -some- Ukrainian government.
They did know that the Soviets wanted ALL of the Russian Empire territories back right?
In fact, there was an alliance between Petlura and Pilsudski and a formal treaty which fixed the border between Ukraine and Poland on the river Zbruch. And the joint forces kicked the Soviets out of Kiev in 1920.
AFAIK the whites were the ones who wanted to restore the Russian Empire with its past borders while the soviets claimed smaller territory, at least during the civil war.
@@Bravo-oo9vd Well ofc, it made sense at the time. The Reds failed at keeping the old Russian Empire borders.
But they accepted peace with smaller borders instead of suiciding into war, the whites should've promised the same, and they did, to the Poles at least.
It's truly sad .Ukraine if all of them joined on Poland side could have fought back Russia and perhaps Germans much better.unfrotunately nationalistic ukrainans we're to stubborn and naive
@@wingedhussar1453 Nationalistic Poles too, they were fractured internally, Poland was. Some wanted pure national state others, the military, wanted a Commonwealth.
My hometown is Lviv/Lwów/Lemberg and thank you so much for this great video!
Lvov in English you can admire an unique stall in memory of war criminals ukrainian SS Galizien division No body but ukraine has a Stella in memoriam SS
That's wrongto call the city German-Austrian Lemberg! This is the term used by the occupiers and is certainly not the name of this city!
@@louisecorchevolle9241 What a stupid comment, even by the standards of social media.
@@louisecorchevolle9241
The city is LVIV in English! (Ukrainian transliteration).
In Ukrainian it is "львів".
It is sooo..... Putlerish of you to continue to push the RuZZian transliteration instead of the Ukrainian one!
I do not believe that you are against war criminals, since you do not mention any of the Butcha(ry) , murder, torture and rape going on by your RuZZian friends who have cross the border to kill Ukrainians.
@@ninjagamers2659 Львів.
The city of Lwow has very strong Polish roots just like Vilnus. I actually have an Ukrainian friend who is from Lwow who speaks fluent Polish because he grew up there (though he cannot write or read in Polish which I only found out later when he emailed me and it turned out he was writing in Ukrainian and using google translate to translate his messages). There is a level of complexity of Polish-Ukrainian relationship which this video didn't delve into, but overall it was an accurate description of the actual conflict.
What a interesting friend you have.
You probably meant links, not the roots. As you put it here, it would be the same as to claim that Warszaw has very strong Russian roots, referring to the fact that it was a part of the Russian Empire for an extended period of time.
@@stvitus12 The first university was wounded by Russians
it all goes back to slavic tribes my friend
@@stvitus12 Warsaw has never been a Russian city,has never had Russian roots and the same applies to Lviv/Lwow/Lemberg which was founded in 1250 by king Daniel of Galicia and became the capital of the Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia, region was also called Ruthenia, between 1272-1349, it was then conquered by Casimir III of Poland in 1340, which moved Lviv under Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth rule between 1349 and 1772 when Poland was partitioned for the first time, which moved Lviv under Austria, Austrian-Hungarian Empire rule, then for a short time under West Ukrainian People's Republic in 1918, then under Poland, Polish Second Republic until 1939, and then under Soviet Union from 1945 until 1991. It's utter bonkers man😀. Poland or rather, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was partitioned by Prussia, Austria, de facto Habsburg Empire and Russia three times and wiped off the map between 1795 and 1918. Warsaw became a provincial city. Poland's borders have changed so much since the Polish baptism in 966 through centuries to such an extent, that it's mind boggling it still exists now. Read this, 1795 Warsaw was annexed by Prussia, 1806 city is occupied by French forces under Napoleon, 1809 Austrians in power between April and June, 1813 Russians in Power. The history of Poland is crazy complicated, with too many wars, battles, conflicts, uprisings, unions, alliances, rebellions,civil wars, twists and turns, foreign rulers, invasions and it would take me moths to explain it all here.
Thank you very much for this particular episode. Greets from Poland!
Jezu człowieku właśnie przykladnołeś gościowi który pokazuje mapę że zasięg zamieszkania Ukraińców ciągnął się aż do Krakowa włącznie.
Po prostu jesteś debilem
It's not entirely true what you have said that there never were Ukrainian elites- they did exist as former Kievian Rus boyars who become Polish nobility after the Union of Lublin of 1573 with Grand Duchy of Lithuania and subsequently most assimilated into Polish culture.
Many famous people know as Poles were in fact at least partially of Ukrainian or Belarusian origins. For example Tadeusz Kościuszko or Jan III Sobieski. Even the famous (or infamous) fighter against the great cossacks uprising in XVIIth century - Jeremi Wiśniowecki was raised in Ukrainian language and orthodox Christianity but later decided to convert to catholicism and become a Pole. Later his son become an elective king of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Honestly back then there wasnt anything like national identity, they were all just "citizens of Rzeczpospolita", just language and faith were different
Oh and I forgot to mention Ukraine was created after the first world war .
And it was a big problem: the polonisation of Rusin elites. They left most of the nation in opposite to Commonwealth. They were similar to today Ukrainian oligarches: egoistic, stupid and and creating anarchy in political life.
its sooo funny when you use XX perspective when you try write about past before XX-XIX nationalism:P and you write about smt funny like Ukrainian or Belarusian -.- "king is country, country is king" the king's subjects are a nation-.- and peasant called himself "local"... gl with roll foam from the mouth about XXw bs:P Dont forget read about austro-hungarian idea/project "ukraine"... Divide and Conquer you fools:P
@@kopernikuspolackus5148 That's a blatant lie. Populations just didn't interact with each other as much and didn't have the knowledge and means of transportation to even care about different ethnicities that lived in the same state. That being said wealthy people were very much aware of mosaic that was the society of Commonwealth and that's why many of them polonised voluntarily over time.
@The Great War - Thank you for clarifying which languages' names you use for cities and regions. The situation at the time there in Poland, two Ukraines, and two Russias - all overlapping - seems to me to rival that of the Balkans in its complexity and intensity. Add the Slovaks and Romanians, and "witches' cauldron" seems like an appropriate adjective!
2 Russia Bolcheviks were Russians ?
Зараз ми найкращі друзі.Дякую полякам за допомогу.Я вірю, що часи коли ми сварилися не повернуться!Саме цим і користувалися сусіди.Ми маємо бути разом.З любов‘ю🇺🇦🇵🇱
Вибачаюсь за все погане, що Україна зробила Польщі.Все взаємно🥲
Poles were the majority in Galicia even by Austrian census "In Galicia as a whole, the population in 1910 was estimated to be 45.4% Polish, 42.9% Ukrainian, 10.9% Jewish, and 0.8% German. This population was not evenly distributed. The Poles lived mainly in the west, with the Ukrainians predominant in the eastern region"
Did said census spoke about entire Austrian partition(Lesser Poland and Galicia) or just Galicia? This is a very improtant question in this context.
And what did the 1919 census say? I mean all sides used whatever data it could find to make a case in Versailles. Basically nationalist geography.
And what about Polish census of 1931? east of river Bug Poles was minorty
@@TheGreatWar There was no census in 1919 is that your point? Even if so, all data we have is Austrian census from 1910 and Polish one from 1921. In both cases Polish and Ukrainian population is close to 50%, and that makes the whole situation even more complicated.
But there was two Galicia - Western (Poland with Krakow) and Eastern (Lviv), who was mixed in one province by Austro-Hungary. That's why national ratio 50:50 of polish and ukrainians.
I love how you guys calling that city "Lemberg". Very... diplomatic I guess
It felt like that best action for this hot potato issue
@@TheGreatWar you "forgot" to add the russian trancription of the city :)
@@bergener8659 Lwów, Lviv, Lvov, Lemberg, Lemberek, Lavov, Liov, Ilbav, Ilyvó, Leopolis, Leopoldstadt etc
@@bergener8659 Russian has nothing to do with this city. It sounds the same like you can also add Chinese transcription of the city.
@@DragonR333 you don't say:)
The best foreign presentation of Ukrainian history after the Great war I ever saw.
Greetings from Lemberg)
Brilliantly pronounced Slavic words! You have my respect and admiration
Not at all. For example, "Zbruch" is not pronounced as "Zbrookh", and "Chortkiv" is not "Khortkiv"
Not really. The host pronounces Ukrainian names with some Russian accent when the spelling they chose for the video clearly states Ukrainian spelling (transliterated for English speakers).
Could you maybe do a video about the Polish-Ukrainain Kiev offensive?
Yet the Turks would still deny the matter!
Blame the turks!
Lemberg je Serbia!
@@Rodzyniastyyyy REMOVE VODKA
Poles and Ukrainians in Lemberg wasn't a real enemies for himself. Sometimes they declare a little ceasefires and go back to homes in night. It's possibly to find a photos of this events.
PS.
Today, in Poland, we're celebrating 75th anniversary of Warsaw Uprising.
@stephan daoust Warsaw uprising and communism? Whaaat
@stephan daoust WTF man???
75th year Puppet of the "victorious powers" ..lol
Excellent video. Most people in western Europe have a grossly over-simplistic view of history and politics of Eastern Europe and really do not understand the background to the region.
Another great and informative episode!! Again I have to state that I had no idea there was so much conflict going on after the war was “over”! It really seems that for some regions the end of the war was more a pause in fighting so the different groups could now focus on fighting each other!! These videos also help me better understand how and why parts of Europe still have issues to this day!
Great stuff, very objective, very knowledgeable - I'm Polish, although my mum was Galician Ukrainian and it's horribly complicated issue I wish we (Polish and Ukrainians alike) learn to live together in peace
I think we are on a right path these days
Yeah, there were many controversies, but that's what makes Ukraine and Poland different from russia. While Ukraine and Poland learned a lesson from a hisotry and continue living on, russia keeps living in a past, trying to rebuild greatness it had once. Spoiler, it never had.
@@scandited2763 its not that simple, anglosaxons bribe jewlenski to wage war
@@scandited2763 That is why the end of the Soviet Union was so catastrophic for all the Workers of the Planet. There would be no wars in Central Europe or the Middle East. But the Soviet Union of the Planet will arise as long as Capitalist callapse continues into decrepity run by obsolete Geriatrics and Clowns!
Așa trebuie sa fie. Noi români am ajutat și vom face tot ce putem in continuare. Să nu mai conteze ce vecin avem,,,kongolez, daca este înțelegere, prieteniei și respect reciproc. Trebuie sa ne educam pe noi și neapărat copiii noștri, să Nu mai sufere in viitor, să existe iubire, înțelegere, dar și toleranță multa.
Thanks as the grandson of a Ukrainian solider .. I am learning my Ukrainian history from this .
Could you tell more about your grandfather please? Was he from Western or Eastern Ukraine?
@@MrMaxlines he was from division ss galizien, i guess
@@unknownuntitled5341 or a soldier of Ukrainian People's Republic who fled from a Red Terror in 1920's
This is by far the Best history channel on RUclips
Thanks for covering these conflicts in such detail. The Polish-Ukranian war is often overlooked compared to the Polish-Lithunian and Russo-Polish conflicts. I'm British, and even the Third Afghan War (1919) is given much more coverage in academic history.
We will cover all these three as well in some capacity
Polish-Lithuanian war isn't widely discussed about from what I've seen, except in the respective countries. (Poland and Lithuania)
And they are still fighting the Russians. What a Gas!
General Haller was specifically told by the British NOT to attack Ukraine but only the Bolsheviks. First thing he did was head south and attacked Ukraine.
@@WangAiHuaBut remember, the Polish are the victims!
Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia by UPA -Ukrainian Insurgent Army
were carried out in German-occupied Poland by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, or the UPA, with the support of parts of the local Ukrainian population against the Polish minority in Volhynia, Eastern Galicia, parts of Polesia and Lublin region from 1943 to 1945.The peak of the massacres took place in July and August 1943. Most of the victims were women and children.Many of the Polish victims regardless of age or gender were tortured before being killed; some of the methods included rape, dismemberment or immolation, among others.The UPA's actions resulted in between 50,000 and 100,000 deaths.
Army Krayowa also killed a lot of Ukrainians. Not in such quantities, of course, but still for fairness.
@@yaroslavzinchenko2181 As a response. Nobody sane in Poland would kill unarmed civilians. In Ukraine it seems to be commonplace.
@@LiezAllLiez The Polish troops commanded by Lt. Józef Biss herded the Ukrainian villagers to the local church where they were shot. Following the mass shooting, the Poles dumped the bodies in pits at the village cemetery. According to Polish historian Zdzisław Konieczny the AK killed 150 men.Other estimates of those killed range from 366 to 500.
One of the cases
@@LiezAllLiez listen, I know what you want to say. But suppose if the number of those killed was the same on both sides, would that suit you? So it's about the number and death of people on both sides you don't care
@@yaroslavzinchenko2181 XDDDDDD 366 upaines dogs to 200000 Poles stfu you ukrainian propaganda
Jesse, you've said that "both sides executed civilians, took hostages, and killed prisoners" and I'm pretty sure that was indeed the case. However, could you list some exact examples of such atrocities, for each of the sides (both Ukrainian and Polish)?
I'd like to read more on this topic and I need somewhere to start the search :)
Hi Pawel, You can have a look at the sources in the video description as well, but one that cited extensively from primary sources was: Böhler, Jochen. Civil War in Central Europe, 1918-1921 (Oxford University Press, 2019).
Great narrative Jesse. Thanks for showing how WW1 did not end in 1918. What happened post 1918 is even more complex than what happened '14 - '18, you do a great job of making it (almost!) understandable
Not a world war anymore
During the partitions the Austrians supported Ukrainian conflicts against the Poles. They essentially wanted to reduce Polish influence in East Galicia (or more correctly in Małopolska Wschodnia).
Yeah, you are occupied these territories in ancient times. But anyway, polish in more time better people than ukrainians and russians. IMHO.
I'm ukrainian.
Yet the number of Poles only increased. Wonder why?
I read from War in Peace that the Ukrainian soldiers were a pain for all armies fighting in the region as they would volunteer any force that was dominant in their home region and when that force was moving away they would desert and join someone else.
Peasant militiamen have different priorities from politicians and generals I guess.
We were doing this for centuries and it worked. We did not lose our identity despite not having an independent state since the 12 century. and in the end, we achieved or goal - independence.
What do you know about Silesians? Probably nothing, they are weaklings who were consumed and assimilated by Poland. They did not manage to do what we did.
Oxtocoatl you're right, but only if you talk about different armies of ukrainian anarchist otamans.But In the regular(as it called "effective army") army of Ukrainian People rep. lead by Directoria, soldiers were self-motivated and true to ukrainian national goals till the end
Если бы русские обращались с украинцами так , как поляки с силезцами, то и следа бы от украинцев не осталось...
@@fafarcop9579 Then please explain how "Golodomor" apperaed? Russian soviet NKWD confiscaded all crops from Ukrainian peasants whad led to several million deaths in Ukraine of famine.
@@pawedobosz4356 Ukrainian soviet NKWD.....it will be more accurate
My great-grandfather was one of the West Ukrainians who were taken prisoner by the Poles and died of typhus. My grandfather fought in the West Ukrainian Army against the Poles and Bolsheviks.
and very well, do you know what the Banderites did to us?
This channel is a gem! I've watched a lot of history channels and how it's that I just found it so late!
Imagine being born in eastern Europe around 1900 and living for 80 years or so.
The things you'd have seen...
Lo hizo mi padre y por escaparon por toda Europa y llegaron en latinoamérica, saludos..
I don't know. I don't trust you guys. Only someone who IS trying to rule a part of Ukraine in 1919 would say they're not trying to rule it.
Never again between brother nations.
Never again between any nations!
brother nations like Russians and Ukrainians?
@@magdaty1815 Ask a Ukrainian which "brother" they'd prefer to do business with these days. I'd argue the one that recognizes their right to exist.
@@magdaty1815 ah guys that almost all Ukrainian history tried to occupate them and their history:/ i don’t think that how “brothers” do
@@VEAFY One thing is - you need to learn more history.
Second thing is (just in terms of your reasoning) - do you imply that countries of Latin America should turn against Spain? Tribes in Australia against white Australians? And so on?
Could you in future do more videos on Ukraine during the post war fallout/ Russian civil war? I'd love to learn more, particularly regarding the Makhnovists role in said period.
Just wait for our next episode!
@@jessealexander2695 Yes mate! Keen as a bean! 👌
Really been enjoying this series on the fallout of the Great War. Topics I had only a cursory knowledge of (or in some cases near none) I now find incredibly interesting.
Love this channel...had no idea finland fought the Soviets..had no idea the poles fought the Ukrainians...damn history class here in the U.S. left this out
Oh yes they left a lot of history out. If they included all these wars and skirmishes around the world we would have school all the way into the late summer. Never rest because these wars that still going on will never give us a rest. Kind of make us feel hopeless when these wars never ends
Americans are kept ignorant of history.
slim majority in Lvov ? There are more Ukrainians in Wroclaw right now (both numbers and percentage of population) then there were ever in Lwów before World War 2 !
After 30 years you ukrainians can claim it wroclaw as your own town like polish done to other nation cities
@@LukasSRR xD GLHF
Pls call it Breslau!
@@fusslowski wtf ? It was , is and it will be Wrocław !
@@piotrstrukiel3479 Damp dreams disturbed? xD
It's still amazing how Polish children were brave enough to repel attacks from Ukrainian ww1 veterans
Ukrainians had no ammo...the only reason they lost!
@Sigillum Militum Clearly more than rusyns (Ukrainians).
Ukrainians ran out of salo and got their asses kicked by Brave Polish Children.
@@user-fo3su6kn2y and you your friend from Russia which take Krim and i hope that he kill so much from your bandera nation as possible ;) you dont have even a hero all your Ukrainians hero are killing children and woman or old people that is what your country can do you deserve it that you now come to Poland heh and your country is like homeless just poor
@@user-fo3su6kn2y Just like Russia desreved 1941 :)
1:42 "With Poles in the slim majority in the capital city" I didn't know that 120 612 Poles to 15 159 Ukrainians is considered a "slim majority"(Austrain data from 1909). In 1921 there was 136 519 (62,2%) Poles and 19 866 (9,1%) Ukrainians. As of 1943 there was 131 300 (62,9%) Poles and 62 700 (29,9%) Ukrainians in the city. In all cases Poles outnumbered Ukrainians at lest 2:1, even if they didn't have a clear majority in overall population.
Keep in mind that in Galicia the Ukrainians had only a short history of war. Eastern Ukrainians were in conflict more often, with their geographic location being more open and exposed to the internal conflicts in the Russian empire. The western Ukrainians geographic isolation and 'local' nationalism caused only a small portion to be devastated by the war, opposed to the higher class- trained and ready poles who were fighting in ww1 in larger numbers. I also assume that the region had to increase industrial output during the war and pre-war period. This would mean a greater urbanization, this increasing the number of peasants (largely Ukrainians) moving to the cities (Lviv/Lwów included)
The large Jewish population, while not opposing any side, would certainly minimize Polish influence as well.
I'm not saying the Ukrainians ruled it all, but I think that we can't judge their statistics the same way we interpret modern ones. They aren't as inclusive, nonbiased as they are today
Population a around Lviv was Ukrainian always. Lviv was occupied by polish before this war. Today you can’t find any polish families in west Ukraine but a lot of old Ukrainian populations left in east Poland.
@@samfabia6531 Same old lies of Ukrainian revisionists. Lwów was longer a part of Poland than of Kievian Rus. 492 years from 1349 to 1772 and later 20 years during the interwar period. It was not "occupied" by Poland it was officially a city in the Kingdom of Poland, The Commonwealth and later Second Polish republic.
Fact remains that only data available is Polish and Austrian censuses. According to polish statistics from 1921 in Lwów Voivodeship, 1 537 986 (56,58%) citizens declared to be Polish and 975 268 (35,88%) to be Ukrainian, in Tarnopol Voivodeship 642 546 (44,98%) declared to be Polish and 714 031 (49,98%) to be Ukrainian. Only province of east Galicia with clear Ukrainian majority was the Stanisławów Voivodeship where Polish population was at the level of 20% with 299 033 inhabitants claiming to be Polish and 941 335 (69,8%) to be Ukrainian. If you add all those number up, you will get
2 479 565 Poles and 2 630 634 Ukrainians. This data is mostly coherent German and Soviet data from the II World War, so the ethnic distribution was close to 50/50 even in east Galicia. The reason why "you can’t find any polish families in west Ukraine" is because over 3 million of Poles were forcefully relocated from the "Kresy" region. There is not many "Ukrainian families" in eastern Poland because they were relocated to western during the Wisła Action. Stop spreading lies, Lviv was Polish, the the Soviets moved almost a million of Poles out of the city and now it is Ukrainian.
@@pacthug4life «from 1921 in Lwów Voivodeship, 1 537 986 (56,58%) citizens declared to be Polish and 975 268 (35,88%) to be Ukrainian». Brzozоw, Krosno, Nisko, Tarnobrzeg, Kolbuszowa, Łancut, Rzeszow it’s Eastern Galicia?
@@user-wf5hb9fj5h Not to mention the fact that Lviv Woiiwodeship included territories much more to the east of the modern borders and thus had much of polish population. And also the ethnic maps that show that absolute majority of people living around the city was Ukrainian. Polish occupied a couple of cities in Ukrainian sea.
I learned a lot about polish history from this channel.
Now do an episode on Bandera's pogroms, on slaughter of Volhynia (Wołyń) against Polish neighbours, on the slaughtered, mutilated men, women children, raped, nailed to barns, set on fire, about the Polish civilians who were being murdered with axes, pitchforks, knives, clubs. On children who's bones were being broken just before they were being killed.. Do an episode on that.
But this is WW1 channel
@@-_Hatred_- Check the entire content buddy
yeah and now thats teriible ^man^ is national hero in Ukraine)))) and they still talking that there is no nazism in ukraine lol
@@jaba_goyim ты так пишешь как будто в рашке не уважают нквд из за катынского расстрела
а причём тут Россия и НКВД, если их в обсуждении не было?
As being ukr I wish only love, friendship and cooperation betwin Pl and Ukr.
Merger, even. Border at Dniepr? Khytomyr?
@@crhu319 Kazakhstan
and Russians, and Hungarians, and Greek.
@@crhu319 How about a Socialist United Europe from Lisbon to Vladivostock and perhaps Peking?
What do you mean no Ukrainian state, what was Kiev Russ, that was a state. And since moskovia was never part of Russ this was Ukraine’s state
There was also Hetmanism
Rus started in Novgorod (Russia) in 862 while so called 'ukranian lands' were under Khazar rule until Oleg of Novgorod captured Kiev in 882. Moreover, Rurikid dynasty (dynanty that founded Rus) ruled in Moscow till the beginning of 18 ce, while in 'ukranian' and 'belarusian' lands Rurikids vanished in 13-14 ce. End of story.
@@KIRILL-fl7cp in that case please tell me when Moscovia started to be called Russia. The only reason that call them self Russia is so that they can steal our history. Otherwise what kind of empire can have no history. And yes Novgorod belonged to Rus. But Russia has nothing to do with it, they were not even slav, they were the golden horde
@@KIRILL-fl7cp you meant to say "Novgorod (Rus)". or in other words, "Novgorod (Ukraine)" :P
Rus and Kievan Rus is part of Ukrainian history. The capital eventually moved to Kiev (9th century) and the Viking kings (Ruriks) assimilated and adopted local (Kievan) ethnicity. Which was far from Moscovite. Because Moscow wasn't even founded until 12th century.
Back then, all population of Rus was Rus' people. Ukrainians, Belorussians and Russians are all descendants from them. So, go away with your Emperialstic nonsense.
Poland is rightfully hier of the Kiev russ also red russia(ruś czerwona) so n o
Yeah but later Poland and Ukraine united and fight alongside and captured Kiev in 1920
not long, and it cost Ukraine's western region to lose independence in favor of Poland
Ukrainians barely brought any forces to bear anyways while Poles sent 800,000 to fight the soviets Ukrainians had max 20,000-30,000 in the Polish-Soviet War and they were not even fighting on important fronts. So their actions can be practically ignored.
@@nikolasstelmakh493 if Ukrainians sent bigger army (600-800k like Polish) You would have Ukraine from Lwów to Rostów nad Donem. You didnt, so you had nothing. That's all.
@@czaszaprzeszly371 Lviw? Why not Lublin, Helm? What about french troops? Also, u sound like russian propaganda, so get lost :D
Thank you for a balanced account of the history of the events of the Polish-Ukrainian war!
Дуже дякую)
Love the show! Wish I could contribute on Patron but I’m broke af
Maybe together we can raise a penny and send it over...
^^
sell your plasma and become a patron of the show!
I wish I had one...
@@NaumRusomarov and/or bone marrow :-D
As a historian I have never heard of these wars, while they had such an impact on the local population and the course of history in general. Thank you Great War for enlightening me again and again!
Tomasz Szypulski a western one perhaps, we in the west do not hear about these Slavic eastern matters much at all.
Never heard about this war,amazing.Greetings from Serbia
zdravo Serbian brother! from Poland :)
Ljvov je Srbija
Poland won, and then Poland defeated Soviet Russia and both divided Ukraine and Belarus.
80,000 Ukrainians defended Warsaw, and the Miracle near the Vistula River is the merit of the Ukrainian military command. and the Poles betrayed, and they should have after protecting Poland - to help the Ukrainians restore Ukraine - they betrayed.
@@mambacosplay2790
Yeah, Poland occupied Ukraine and prevented its independence in cooperation with the Soviet Union.
Poland took the western half of Ukraine, pushed all the way back to Warsaw, counterattacked and pushed Soviets, and only ended up getting a small chunk of western Ukraine, weakened Ukrainian nationalists which gave Soviets an easier time, and Poles were later Genocided as a reward. A huge L if you ask me
these videos are great, i'm really glad i found them. thanks a lot
"Neutrals ... they sicken me, with an enemy you know where they stand, but with neutrals ? Who knows ?" - Zap Branigan
its like when your crush ghosts you for no reason
futurama :)
Love that 1920s office you got.
Haha Lloyd-George with the typical western chauvinism!
He didn't have the Internet. I doubt if he knew much about eastern Europe.
@@neilwilson5785 So, maybe it would be nice if he didn't try to draw the borders there?
I'm Polish and I don't think I have ever heard of the war in history classes. As a history buff I was aware of the conflict taking place before watching this video, but there was just so much stuff going on at that time around Poland alone (fight for independence, Uprisings in Greater Poland and Silesia, war with Bolsheviks, Lithuanians, Ukrainians...) that I never really looked into this particular war in detail. Thanks for that very informative video.
8:36 It is disputable whether it was the first independent state sinse 1795. There was quasi-independent Duchy of Warsaw in 1807-1812 created by Napoleon, apart from two major uprisings in 1830-31 and 1863-64.
Actually there shouldn't be a dispute because it was Duchy of Warsaw.
Duchy of Warsaw was basically a vassal/client state of France.
They were happy to fight for Napoleon but I wouldn't call it independent.
@@MyPrideFlag In any case, the Duchy of Warsaw was more independent than the countries defeated or conquered by the French.
Can you go over Belorussia and their story because there isn’t enough info on their story that I can find?
Belarus ;)
@@Ivan_StandWithUkraine hey, what you think about union with Lithuania? Should both nation doing again the union?
Poles were the majority not minority. Almost 70% of Lviv inhabitants vere Poles.
@Coraru K But that was not the situation. Poles were the majority in the West, Ukrainians in the east. By Austrian casus from 1910 Galicia was in 45% Polish and 42% Ukrainian. That means that the majority was Polish not Ukrainian
@UCwzR-GVzMankkVW8FP7nUNA Yeah, and it was the author of the video who claimed that Ukrainians were the majority. By the Polish census Poles were the majority. What difference does that make if people live in city or country when it comes to self-determination?
it would certainty be interesting to have an official census of 1919, after the war and destruction in the region. but that is of course not easy.
Remember, in the video the reference is to East Galicia, not including West Galicia.
the best and most rational explanation I heard is that Lwow was an island of Poles and Polish culture in a sea of Ukrainians. Same with Wilno in Lithuania and Grodno with Belarussians. The fact remains we were the civilizing force in that part of the world and moved them forward towards literacy, progress and plumbing. Without Poland or Poles that part of the world would be in Stone Age.
Loving these longer more indepth videos. It fits in well with the Chaos of Post WW1. BTW you should make all your Russian Civil War/border conflicts into one playlist once you finish covering the conflict.
Five years later, and you're still my favorite history channel ❤
Can you make a video about the Prince Wilhelm of Habsburg, aka the King of Ukraine who helpoed the creation of ukraine and fought for it his entire life
He was one of the people responsible for this battle.
Orlęta Lwowskie - SEMPER FIDELIS.
Спасибі за об'єктивне відео!
beautiful video
Hello from Lviv
Great and objective! Waiting for a video about Ukrainian People's Republic.
Excellent presentation, I am surprised that anyone survived between the anarchy, chaos and contending armies in this period.
Lloyd George: the ultimate example of the pot calling the kettle black.
Thank you for this! My family were caught in the middle of this. They were Jewish living in a shtetl outside of Lviv. They got out in 1921 and came to Canada.
Most likely they had Polish citizenship. Why didn't they fight for Poland?
Thanks for the video!! This war after the war waas unknown to me. However, it is sad that after years of war between the allies and the axis, the fight did not really stopped in other fronts, leaving more suffering to people.
15:33 Charles de Gaulle? Wow, just about every big name in the 20th century had a role in the Great War & its aftermath
He was present during Polish/Soviet war in 1920 even when all diplomats run away. He entered Polish Army. He experienced of moving war, different to stagnated Western Front war. He was one who created the concept of Blitz Krieg.
This war involved so many players and sometimes people over look it and terrible that many people didn’t know a lot about this war so thank you guys I used to have different atrófiese towards world war 1
that is true even the French dont know it I think he was lieiutnan@@horsefish2525
That was great. You are doing an awesome job.
Fantastic as always!
Polish historians even call this was the last civilized war in history. During the Battle for Lviv both sides would often call ceasefires and both sides would intermingle with each other and party. One time, a Ukrainian commander got so drunk with the Poles that he woke up after a hangover long after the ceasefire had ended. So, they called another ceasefire to get the commander back to the Ukrainian side.
To call something like this right after world war 1 "the last civilized war" is insanity.
Tell the Jews in the region that it was civilized.
@@TheGreatWar Well should have picked a side on the "moving train":)
@@TheGreatWar "Pogroms" were rather scarce in East Galicia during the Polsih-Ukrainian war, that one you've mentioned is possibly the only obvious evidence. The overwhelming majority of pogroms were commited to the east of Zbruch, in previously Russian-controlled Ukraine, as pogrom practices were tolerated, even cultivated per decades, under Romanovs rule. They are not connected with Polish-Ukrainian war of 1919.
Everyone : Invades Ukraine
Ukraine : Just leave me alone please
Rusini (ukraińcy) zawsze chcieli pokoju. Ale ich ziemia to skrzyżowanie, przez które każdy chce przejść: Attila, Polovtsy, Khazars, Mongols, Muscovites, Turks, Tatars, Poles, Germans. And many more who I forgot to mention.
@@ErikSemmil ni jak to nie pasuje do zaporoskich kozaków do których odwołuje się Ukraina :/
🇺🇦 Ukraine got stronger 💪🏻 Poland no threat now Russia is.
You conveniently “forgot” about the civil and ethnic conflicts inside Ukraine.
thank you for making history interesting.
Love this video and this channel so so much! Keep up the great work everyone!