How do continents form: The Wyoming craton example
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- Опубликовано: 15 окт 2024
- Have you ever wondered how the oldest continents formed? A new paper in the January 2023 issue of GSA Today looks at the story preserved in the oldest rocks on Earth. All continents contain some crust that is 2.5 billion years or older, way back in the Archean eon. These areas of old continental crust are known as cratons.
Link to the article:
www.geosociety...
Written by: Carol Frost, Susan Swapp, RJ Stern
Host: Ali Sealander
Video Editor: Zach Clowdus
Funding provided by NSF grant EAR-20242243 (PIs Carol Frost and Susan Swapp)
References
Featured paper:
Frost, C.D., Mueller, P.A., Mogk, D.W., Frost, B.R., and Henry, D.J., 2023, Creating continents: Archean cratons tell the story. GSA Today, v. 33 no. 1, p. 4-10, doi: 10.1130/GSATG541A.1
Other related references:
Bedrosian, P.A., and Frost, C.D., 2022, Geophysical extent of the Wyoming Province: Insights into ancient subduction and craton stability. GSA Bulletin, 18 p., doi:10.1130/B36417.1
Bedle, H., Cooper, C.M., and Frost, C.D., 2021, Nature versus nurture: preservation and destruction of Archean cratons. Tectonics, 40, e2021TC006714. doi.org/10.102....
Carlson, R.W., Garcon, M., O’Neil, J., Reimink, J., and Rizo, H., 2019, The nature of Earth’s first crust: Chemical Geology, v. 530, 119321, doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119321.
Pearson, D.G., Scott, J.M., Liu, J., Schaeffer, A., Wang, L.H., von Hunen, J., Szilas, K., Chacko, T., and Keleman, P.B., 2021, Deep continental roots and cratons: Nature, v. 596, p. 199-210, doi.org/10.103....
Music: John Utah - A Walk on the Mile form Epidemic Sound
www.epidemicso...
Image/figure credits (in order of appearance)
Subduction zone model modified from Force takes control in mountain-height debate (fig 1), by K. Wang (2020)
www.nature.com...
Global distribution of Archean cratons modified from Nature Versus Nurture: Preservation and Destruction of Archean Cratons by Bedle et al. (2021)
agupubs-online...
Cathedral Peaks, Teton Range Wyoming. View from South Teton, looking north to Middle Teton and Grand Teton
Gabbro
James St. John, CC BY 2.0 creativecommon..., via Wikimedia Commons
Diorite
Amcyrus2012, CC BY 4.0 creativecommon..., via Wikimedia Commons
Granite
Eurico Zimbres, CC BY-SA 2.5 creativecommon..., via Wikimedia Commons
Fremont Peak, Wind River Mountains, on the skyline with Neoarchean granite of the continental magmatic arc in the foreground.
Cirque of the Towers, southern Wind River Range. Pingora Peak, right, with Lonesome Lake in the foreground. The Neoarchean granodiorite composing the outcrops are part of the continental magmatic arc
Andes
Public domain (NASA)
commons.wikime...
Himalayas - collision zone from Large salt accumulations as a consequence of hydrothermal processes associated with ‘Wilson cycles’: A review, Part 2: Application of a new salt-forming model on selected cases, by M. Hovland et al. (2018)
www.researchga...
(Modified from illustration by Sonja Leyva, Pasadena City College, see geophile.net/Le...)
Earth through time
media.hhmi.org...
Tetons Mountain Range photo by Charles Nye
Low-grade side of the Teton continent-continent collision (image at top right corner at 5:04). The mountain is called Eagle’s Rest.
Shale image
James St. John, CC BY 2.0 creativecommon..., via Wikimedia Commons
Accreted terranes figure
www.nps.gov/su...
Image at 5:48 shows the Miners Delight graywacke in the foreground. The view is WNW towards the Roundtop Mountain metabasalt on the other side of the near valley with green trees. The Wind River Mountains are in the background. This photo is by Mike Meredith (MS student).
Tectonic scenario diagrams illustrating the two main ideas for the geodynamic sites of TTG generation:
www.semanticsc...
zircon crystal
www.smorf.nl/
Granite 2
www.geologypag...
Sedimentary rock
rockhoundresou...
Topography of the Hawaiian Islands
Paul Johnson, University of Hawaii
nsf.gov/news/m...
Excellent video. Ms Sealander did an superb job explaining the history of cartons. The story was clear and understandable, and the diagrams were exceptional. Well Done!!
I'm so glad you enjoyed the video. And well done to spot the Greek roots of the word craton! According to Sengör (1999, Tectonophysics v 205, p 1-42), the Austrian geologist Leopold Kober coined the term kratogen, meaning "born strong." As you note, the word comes from Greek roots: κρατos (strength, might) and γενεσιs (manner of birth, origin). The German geologist Hans Stille shortened the term to kraton, which in English became craton.
Congratulations on the paper! Speaking of Şengör, I got my master's degree where he was retired last year. I had the chance to attend some lectures and talks he gave and to have a chat with him. He's a real inspiration. I have always admired his knowledge of every aspect of geology.
Because the German of that term would have been something like kräftiggebort--which isn't a word--yet.
Nice interesting piece. Thank you. I 'd love to see the geological story of the Superior craton.
Wow! Don't know how I picked up this thread but I've learned more this morning about ancient rock than I've ever heard before. Thank you.😊
Thank you Ali. This was again very worth seeing - especially for someone who does not deal with geology every day, but wants to know how it all works. I think it's good to explain the formation of cratons on a certain example - the graphics are also great - with pictures you can explain so much better.
The word Kraton, I think, is actually of Greek origin - I have never heard it in German - it is always derived from the Greeks.
"Craton:
Part of the earth's crust that has solidified in such a way that it can no longer be deformed by folding, but only by fracture or fracture fold tectonics - from Greek kratos "force, violence" and Greek genesis "becoming, arising"
Greetings Klaus
Another outstanding geology lesson from UTD. And nice work, UW team!
Very interesting. Thanks for sharing.
Amazing, thanks for sharing!
Well explained, thanks..
FYI that there is a place in Northern Michigan called Watersmeet that has 3.5 Ga gneiss, also a place west of Minneapolis in Minnesota
Great video - short, interesting, informative and spot-on! It seems quite obvious that there are plenty of places on Earth where continental magmatic arcs are still forming. I'm curious if there is anywhere on Earth where there is active cratonic crust is forming, either in the phase 1 felsic melts into mafic crust, or phase 2 build up of the craton by the thickening of TTG crust? In short, can we point to somewhere on a map and say "looks like a craton is forming here"?
This is bloody awesome
Amazing!!!
Your missing the crust in northern Wisconsin! There’s Archean rock there!
Yes, it's a part of the Superior Craton.
This is a rabbit hole I didnt know id end up going down
But... If there were plate tectonics at that time, wouldnt it just destroy or contradict with the whole cratonic formation theory? As cratons were of initially vertical movement...no horizontal movement were there at that time for a subduction of the plates and for mantle plumes to rise as a result of melting of the subducted plates....
Subduction processes are doubtful before 2.7 billion yrs ago.
For those of us w/o your exposure, would you plz contribute the reason for delayed action.
@@robertschrum5496 YT algorithm
said my point exactly....
At 1:45, "kratogen" is misidentified as a "German word". Just because a German geologist coined the term, kratogen, does not preclude the German geologist's using Greek root words. Otherwise, a decent video.
Fascinating! Though the music was insanely distracting and completely unnecessary.
Yes it had a similar rhythm to her words so just got in the way
Ah but I HAVE studied it.
Most of this will be abandoned by whatever theories replace it, just as this replaced earlier theories.
I'm pretty sure a thinking person wouldn't set aside well-substantiated explanations purely because those explanations might or might not be tweaked in the future. I suspect that you're using the concept you expressed in your comment to justify believing far less-substantiated ideas than the ones presented in this video, so it's pretty rich that you would think it appropriate to say this sort of thing here. Ignorance is not something one ought to be proud of and attempt to spread to others.
@@demoman1596sh My comment stands. This will be replaced.
@@paulbriggs3072 In no way does your comment “stand.” Unless you are educated on the topic or substantiating your view on the topic using logic and evidence (which you are not doing), your opinion on it may as well be baseless.
@@demoman1596sh I assure you this will be as abandoned as Phrenology was, which once was near universally accepted. Widespread acceptance of a theory means little in the history of the truth.
@@paulbriggs3072 If you want your opinion to be given credence, you can back it up with substance just like scientists have to do. Got that? Your "assurance" is just as baseless as your initial assertion.
This is the first I learned of a Wyoming Craton. Why would a Craton have a mountain range? The orogenies happen at the boundaries of crayons, not in its interior. Then you mention the creation of new Archean rock. What?! You don't make new Archean rock.
Its amazing people can figure this stuff out!