To those critical of the banter between the hosts of the show, its the lightheartedness that makes watching it so engaging. They've opened up the interest in archaeology ten fold im sure and that was the main goal of the show upon its start.
After reading quite a few comments, I didn't find any that mentioned this episode's clever title, "The Trouble With Temples", that I think was a play on the famous Star Trek episode, " *The Trouble with Tribbles* ", in which the cute tribble creature(s) they brought on board kept multiplying.
This is one of my all-time favorite episodes. The lighthearted banter and respectful disagreements make everything intriguing. It makes me wish I'd grabbed the opportunity to take a college course in archaeology. I also like the way Ian Powlesland handles the digger so delicately.
I dig Stewart. He quietly does his thing. Later, when everyone is arguing, he comes up and says, "Take a look at this", and he's got it! He's the Landscape Whisperer.
Agreed. But he also had a tendency early in the Time Team era of sweeping in and saying things like "The difference between your way of investigating and mine is that mine is true and yours is rubbish." The fact that you had to excavate to learn that certain landforms MIGHT be what you think they are doesn't seem to enter his mind. But he is very good at his part of the process and I'm glad he mellowed with time and became less opinionated.
@@skeeterinnewjersey5256 I think some mellowed with time, some left, and some got even more cranky. As coworkers tend to do... A very human show, when viewed over the years. And I can't say so without saying that IMHO. & FWIW tony made the show popular while the rest made it science. Popular Science! Gotta love it!.
I don’t dig him because he never digs even when pregnant women are. He tried to one-up everyone all the and childishly tried to be the hero. He’s not much of a team player at all. If I could digitally remove him this great show would be even greater. Wouldn’t miss him at all.
An absolutely stunning episode. I am so happy for the Brits and their efforts to find, document, and preserve their history. Congratulations Time Team!
aerorobnz he’s always been my favorite. He’s thoughtful and has that wonderful ability to see how the land used to look and why then people used the land in the ways they did.
We, in Britain, should be very proud of Time Team. There is no other country in the world that has any TV program that can compare with it. Hence the British public are far more aware of our history and heritage than virtually any other country. Bravo Time Team.
That's so true. I'm from switzerland and i know that we have a lot of archeology (roman, prehistoric etc.) but there's just no tv programm that explains it all. I don't even know if there are any good books on it and if there are any such books then clearly it's in no way comparable to time team. Every country should have time team. I never cared much about history before time team. It's a pretty amazing program. To think that all of this stuff that was built hundreds or even thousands of years ago is just lying around in our fields is just amazing.
@@stauffap Switzerland La tene , beaker culture Large influence on British culture during the early &middle bronze age eras , I have a part of sword blade from Switzerland ( I live just north of London, England ) the la tene were based around a large lake area , I can't remember much , its been a while since I last read about it,, but Switzerland was central to many cultures who spread around Europe & that had originated from that area around the lake in Switzerland ,
@@kevwhufc8640 I know, all that's missing is a tv programm that presents the rich archeological findings of switzerland. But such a thing doesn't exist to my knowledge.
When you think of all the Episodes in the rain and the cold and the mud, and sometimes with little or nothing to show after three days work, the Team really deserved an Episode like this.
I look at this and think of places in my own home town, and wonder what they would find there. My church for instance build 1080 I know not Roman, but was the only church between London and St Albany’s.. still original walks etc.. would love to see a time team there. But I can dream.
This show has been my go-to show during this Age of COVID. Phil Harding and his glottal stops slay me every time. And I've never heard anyone mutter at dirt before. Fields and crops, yes. A simple patch of dirt, nope.
Im sorry but I can't get enough of this show!! I've subscribed to this and one other channel that puts out these shows. I've always wanted to be an archaeologist. I love it! And the people on here!!
It is incredible how often Stewart is right after doing his landscape calculations and using a simple ruler to draw a straight line, despite what all the high tech Geophysics and highly qualified archaeologists say to the contrary ! He was definitely an extremely valuable member of the team and it was a pity that he didn't participate in many of the later excavations and episodes for some reason. Does anybody know why he stopped being a member of Time Team's scientific experts ? I for one really missed his incredibly interesting input on these excavations. 😭
I think Stewart Ainsworth was one of the ones who decided not to make the move to Wales with the rest of the production team. Typical management -- they make decisions based on their wallets, lose their best people, product deteriorates, then they blame the market. As to Ainsworth "always being right," check out S18Ep9. I felt so sorry for him in that one. I like him in general, but he speaks with a nasal whine that bugs me. When he becomes anxious, it goes up in pitch, and he sometimes sounds as if he's on the verge of tears.
@SteelRodent They moved production to Wales, and a lot of the production team couldn't or wouldn't make the move. They also appear to have decided to use younger, prettier women.
He had a wife, two children, and a day job for at least some of the time. He has only excelled in academic circles since he left, and might have had a big passion for giving lectures. He's currently a visiting professor at University of Chester.
He was a crucial member of the cast/team. When he and Helen Geake were essentially fobbed off for Maryann and Alex Langlands, the writing was on the wall. Like so many TT fans, I find season 19 virtually unwatchable.
Reijer, I’m watching the entire ouvre from s1e1 through s18. Thank you for posting and for posting in order. This has saved my sanity in times chaos. (Ok, I cannot stand 19 and 20, but that’s on me.)
For once, even Dr. Pryor's eternal enthusiasm was exceeded by the actual wealth and complexity of a site! Kudos to Francis, Phil, John, Stewart, Helen, Guy, Tony, and the entire Time Team for an extraordinary discovery!
A most satisfying excavation and 3 days, start to finish! Plenty of artifacts to date the temples, explanations found to solve questionable areas, a most rare and important find. Firsts for the archeologists, too. Hope to find more on this site later, hope they preserved it.
The BORG, a race (more machine than humanoïd) in Star Trek that assimilates every other race in space. Their catchphrase : Resistance Is Futile, You Will Be Assimilated.
When you think on it, history is full, (chocker-block full) of races who thought their way to manage people is the best way and push right in and set up shop weather they want it or not and the option of choice is seldom on the table. ("YOU WILL BE ASSIMILATED,RESISTANCE IS FUTILE!) well, except the choice between see it our way or die.
Hello RCANTS, Most major museums in the UK are free entry so these artifacts are not dug up for "rich" people. The British Museum, Natural History Museum, Science Museum and others don't charge. What's your point ? The pursuit of knowledge, especially about the past, enriches our culture, teaches us lessons and explains why our environment and society is the way it is today. You seem to be another of those miserable complainers who whine about anything that is beyond your understanding, if you don't like this stuff then don't watch it and leave the rest of us to enjoy what is a thrilling and consuming subject without the pointless negative commentary.
@@WashuHakubi4 And "the truly nasty not so rich people" in the form of some "truly nasty" detectorists raid archeological sites with their detectors, taking the valuable metals and flogging them on ebay, it is called night hawking. Sometimes it is developers who plough through historical records to find hints of settlements, and along with the land owners, invite those few unscrupulous detectorists to go over the site, telling them they can keep everything they find. Any masonry is hauled out, the land is double ploughed, and when the prospect of development is put forward, there is no evidence of any historical settlement because it has been removed, and sold on.
To those posts of a critical nature I must say, our contract with freedom of speech is a reciprocal one. The most important part may be in knowing when to remain silent. Focus on the thrill of discovering and understanding the Archaeology, not on the soap opera the producers suppose build viewer numbers. "Small minds think about people, mediocre minds think about events and great minds think of ideas." Or to put it more plainly in the words of the philosopher Thumper, "If you can't say somethin' nice, don't say nothin' at all."
Kim Jameson and without the antics of the presentation team they'd never have been able to popularise archeology, which was the main purpose of the series (certainly as initially envisioned).
Most people don't know Tony and Mick were friends before Time Team and that it was Mick who suggested Tony should be the presenter. ("Mick's Archaeology", Mick Aston, 2000)
Helen: here's three bits of dating evidence. Guy: or coins, as we often call them in English. (BTW: leave it to Guy de la Bédoyère to rock the suit coat in the field ❤)
Isn't it fantastic what a dedicated team of scientists and other enthusiasts working for a TV company could research and excavate in just three days ! A whole major Roman Temple complex of national importance only known previously from a 1970's aerial photograph, and even that only just marked the edges of buildings not seen for 1,700 - odd years. Time Team must have done more for British Heritage in the 20 years the series ran than countless other archaeological excavations in Britain during the same period. I sincerely wish that the series would be continued in one form or the other - it was clearly not due to a lack of viewer popularity that it was taken off production. 😘 P.S. What surprises me even more is that the National Trust do not jump on the opportunity to excavate the whole site after Time Team's extraordinary finds, but often merely "schedule" the site and then leave it for another generation to continue the work some day in the far future. With such an exceptional find, one would think that it would be followed up quite quickly, but nearly always - no such thing ! 😕
SNP1999 Literally every square centimeter of Great Britain has something of significant historical or cultural value which happened on top of it or is buried underneath it. The whole country could be one huge archeological dig site. It’s no wonder to me that the National Trust has to schedule further archeological investigations of sites like this years or even decades into the future - there is just so much really important history which happened on that island for thousands of years (but I’m an American Anglophile, so admittedly my perspective is a bit biased 😆)
Scheduling or other designation/protection of sites is undertaken by Historic England. The National Trust looks after places of historic interest or natural beauty. Tim Taylor, the creator/producer of Time Team, is currently leading a crowd-funding effort to bring back the show, at least in some capacity: ruclips.net/video/Zj2bjBLSqcE/видео.html
+Aimee Brass I think Mick Aston had less preconceptions and was more open to just looking at what happened and interpreting that. Francis seems to be more rigid based on ideas he has.
Yes, Francis is a true believer and starts off with a strong bias. On the other hand, he is perfectly willing to admit when he's wrong and go with the evidence. He and Mick are both great. The best part about Francis is that he is so enthusiastic that he draws me in and manages to get me excited about little more than a stain in the ground and a small pile of rocks. :)
@@nategilbert7397 Francis is far less willing to give up his preconceived notions than you think. There's an episode of a bronze age settlement on an island and there is a barrow on it. First crap out of his mouth was it was an island of the dead when all they knew was a barrow was there. Then the bridge to the island was all the people from around the island bringing in their dead for his favorite religion... ancestor worship. Once the whole settlement was found it is still an island of the dead but in the peoples mindset rather than the village cemetery with village on the village island where it is more defensible against attack. Then he was on about a broken bronze age sword in the water and two spear heads that were found point down in the silt at the land side of the bridge... anyone that uses a sword can see the bend in the blade was caused by bad edge alignment during a cut and the break in the sword was caused by a bad cast of bronze. Then a spearhead with part of the shaft will sink in water point down and stick into silt standing up. To him they were offerings to the ancestors and gods. Logic suggests they were not placed in the water carefully as he suggests but evidence of combat to defend the bridge to the settlement during a time when conflict was common. But nope Bridge to the island of the dead and those were offerings. When he is talking about ritual and religion... I think he needs to be ignored and everything else that comes out of his mouth should be taken with a saltshaker of salt.
@@JETWTF Oh please you sourpuss. Stop trying to pick holes in Francis' approach, he's a great member of the team and a real authority in the field with a great sense of humour and passion for the work.
This is the most excited I've ever seen these guys, and for good reason! So very unfortunate Mick wasn't able to share in this, it would have made this discovery even better..
I do think that Francis and Mick are very of the same thinking, in that you have to dig to prove what you may be thinking. But i also think that they do it in a different way, in that Francis is more the distant overbearing school teacher type, and Mick is more laid back and talks to people more like your favourite uncle, and is far more a mellow type. And i love the rare shows when they are together.
Well in the early series of Time Team they did a lot of the recording themselves. A criticism was they didn't produce written reports that could be used by future archaeologists, so eventually after series 10 through Phil Harding who still is one of their field archaeologists, Wessex Archaeology, a registered charity that uses its donations for research took on all these tasks. Their team is there at the site working alongside Time Team, all of whom contribute to the findings. This means that the latter series were all very much proper scientific research as well as being great TV.
Don't give Tony too hard of a time.. He knows he's the eyes and ears of the audience.. He sets up the others to explain why such & such a thing is important.. He asks the questions the audience wants to ask, simply.. Then he does an overview to keep the audience "on the same page".. The archeologists know this, which is why they rarely respond with "what? Are you an idiot?".. ;-)
STEFAN - AN AMERICAN IN RUSSIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA! He’s our Watson, drawing out the people who know. Imagine how insufferable the PhDs would sound if he wasn’t there to be the sounding board.
And after the experts tell what is going on, Tony goes a flights of fantasy that is all bs. Having watched most of these episodes at least three times, Tony gets to be a pain in the butt.
@@TheSuzberry The PHDs are more interesting than that little Mysogynist. He is incredibly rude to John while thinking it's funny. Rudeness is never funny.
We all have our favourites. Most people really like Phil, whereas I think his accent can be a trifle grating sometimes. After a dozen or so episodes I've simply fallen in love with Helen Geake.
I love how Tony winds up the archeologists. He sets them up so brilliantly. They fall into it each and every time! Poor Phil. He's a sitting duck! Hooray for dating material! Honestly! It never rains, but it pours! 4 Temples???
As Google Earth is your friend and I've taken to IDing in that app the location of these digs (hey, everyone has a hobby...!) it's good to know that this field hasn't been plowed since the TT dig was done.
Great example of when a leader should have listened Phil was absolutely right about where to put that first trench. Soo much time would have been saved wondering where they where and all knowledge from 1 trench
I am not Neil , Well done , I am amazed at what you have found , I hope they do not make you cover what you found ? You make being picky a good quality ! What a fabulous group of genuine dedicated optimistic people , I think the real treasure is your team . love from Ontario Canada .
I love these guys. They definitely live up to the name of calling a group of archaeologists an Argument. "If we were Romans now, could we invent a god right here - the Hay god - or whatever?" "No, you don't get it. The point is the god is here already. You have to identify that and access his power." "But Guy, while you were saying that, this hay moved in a mysterious way..."
Being in the states,pretty much prehistoric here,and living in ky. I have found many a blades in fields but find the quality along the rivers and streams....cheers
Star Trek fans are everywhere the world over! Even on Time Team, especially since Sir Patrick Stewart graced the "Center seat." I am sure there may have been a "Department of Archaeological Technologies" aboard ship during certain missions. Having been a Captain of a Star Trek fan club chapter myself (U.S.S. Kittyhawk NCC-1903) I would have been directly involved with such missions. And like on Time Team, the archaeology would have been persued with great enthusiasm.
Wow. Wonderful. oh, about Watling Street ... isn't that the amazing road that goes from Dover to the Severn, almost Wales? I think King Arthur mentions it while kicking out some Roman emissaries.
Still watching, re-watching. To me, the funniest part is seeing so many Jet shots on an archaeology program. Must have been close to a major airport. :D
wasnt is season 13 when the were checking out a vickers outside a roman fort that was scheduled and they found not 1 not 2 but 3 and potentially even more temples along the road ... and all they were loking for was how the general people lived
Prehistoric ET! This made me stupid-happy. I would have been satisfied with my response to "I don't know what it is." (I said "It's a rock.") But Tony made a much better comment!
Theres more plough damage in this area of Hertfordshire than anywhere else, majority of land is heavy clay subsoil , awful for ploughing, & during Celtic, Roman times majority of land was pasture. The places where chalk dominates , there's archaeological evidence of ploughing from later Celtic times . Modern machinery, heavy tractors have done more damage Between 1995 - 2005 than the past 2 millennia, most of it in StAlbans itself, the Roman city of Verulamium , one of the largest & most important in Britain ( half lies buried safely under the grass, parkland, The other half, is private land owned by Lord verulam, Unploughed until ww2 , when permission was granted to shallow plough , until a year or 2 after the war ended. Which the lord completely ignored & continued to plough until 2005 , after years of pleas from English heritage etc to stop ploughing inside the Roman walls , not until an MP got involved & a huge compensation deal was agreed with the landowner lord, did he finally stop ploughing. A few years after we got permission to put a few small trenches in that half of the Roman town , under the guise of looking for post Roman, Saxon evidence, Had we said the truth about looking at the plough damage We never would have got permission. The reality was more shocking than even the most pessimistic among us expected. Comparing to excavations done in 1955 , the clearly defined outer walls of buildings , including interior walls, floors , some mosaic, were amazingly good condition. Our work mid 2000s showed the full extent of the damage, Damage is an understatement, completely destroyed was the reality . Foundations four/five courses were gone, & nothing of the mosaic remained. In nearly 25 years excavating none of us had ever seen such unnecessary destruction. Almost as if he's ( Lord verulam) told the plough to go as deep as possible. It stil depresses me everytime I remember or talk about it.
@@kc3718 i know I totally get that, But this land had half a Roman town underneath, & it wax a protected ancient monument, they were only supposed to plough for the 5 years of the war , = 1950 .. He continued until 2005 & only after the government paid a small fortune to stop him Lord Verulam,, after his machinery had destroyed the majority of the Roman city, including beautiful mosaic floors , it just shows what absolute selfish wankers those people are ( in fact they were a very distant relative of the original lords of verulam, but bc no kids survived this new family were given the title etc as long as they changed name to the family that were dying out , about 200 years ago) so they're worse than the usual toffs these lot are made up into the top tier of toff land & those those are bigger snobs than the real snobs with a genuine titled history . Anyway they destroyed remains that had lasted fine for almost 2000 years.. At least metal detecorists were going on his land everytime they ploughed it , they were finding everything from Gold / silver brooches & coins & other great artifacts that would have been destroyed.. I know a few detecorists that earned a lot of money from the artifacts they were finding on that land & then selling to collectors including the local museum. At least something good came from the destruction.
Terribly hypocritical of the Romans to stage the slaughter of people indiscriminately at home in the circus and dedicate those to the gods, and then condemn the Druids for human sacrifice... Surely the actual problem was the loyalty the Druids commanded and their competition for power...... didn't Constantine the Great originally believe he could make all the empire worship Sol Invictus alone?.... There you go, straight out of Guy's mouth: the problem was that as long as the Druids were around, the Romans had no chance of completely rebranding things, there would have always been competition. So they snuffed the competition.
@@WOLFROY47 I don't think it's hypocritical. Normal Roman citizens were never slaughtered in the games. They were slaves, or enemies, or convicts. That's quite different to sacrificing an innocent from your own culture.
This could have been a two-hour special. Too bad that they only had three days. Looking at google maps, you can't tell if anything is there. What a shame to cover it up after discovering it. 51°49'07.8"N 0°24'14.3"W
Gladiatorial fights were often not to the death, and they were considered noble and just a dangerous sport. That's kind of different to making a human sacrifice.
Gladiator fights were usually not to the death (except in Hollywood movies... and old history books). It cost a lot of money to train a gladiator. Gladiators trained in different techniques and fights between gladiators were usually show fights like professional wrestling. Or a trained gladiator would face a condemned prisoner who had never worn armor or used a weapon before. If a gladiator died/was killed the sponsor of the games had to pay for the death and, as mentioned, it was expensive. Origin isn't clear, but it may go back to Greek athletic contests to honor gods - it is still subject of debate.
Yes, and the Romans also practiced rampant infanticide (usually through exposure) of liveborn and otherwise healthy babies, often because they were girls. That was common throughout the ancient world but the Romans seem to have done so with incredible nonchalance.
Have you Brits never heard of knee pads? My knees hurt watching poor Phil and when he's just bending over, my back hurts. Somebody buy him a pair for Christmas or Roman Virgin sacrifice day or Norman French Cheese day or something.
OK, you have all the trenches to varying depths exposing lots of archeology and it is Sunday evening and we go out for a pint! Who gets up Monday and carefully refills the dig?
The site manager and one of the mechanical digger drivers, Kerry Ely and Ian Barclay, usually stayed behind for several days and put the area back to its original state. The others all went back to their day jobs.
I would have loved to hear an Archeologist give their opinion about when and how those buildings were deconstructed, where the spoils may have gone and how the spoils my have been used.
Why wouldn't you use a stiff brush to clear away that dry soil rather than scrape away at stone with a steel trowel? Couldn't the trowel damage those items that I see you handling like the shell fragments of a robin's egg?
Dumb Question: why do those British temples so absolutely NOT look like the Roman temples you see on drawings is the ancient city of Rome, e.g. the Forum Romanum? I’d really like to know ( having been interested in all kinds of history and archaeology for over 60 years )
I am wondering if they could have found out the name of this god on the lead scrolls. It is a pity they did not unroll them in the lab for us in this episode. Aaah!!!
one of my favorites because it turns the elusive Roman temple myth upside down. Four temples at least and maybe more. Why was the three-part boundary drawn, I wonder? was the other side a cursed place or a dangerous one for whatever reason? was it though enchanted? the home of wild beasts like the Formorians? the Romans regarded it worth a lot of negotiating with the gods, given all the offerings that remain. Were these razed by Romans on their way out of Britain? most likely. So why leave behind the votive offerings? Maybe they would have been cursed to remove them in their way of thinking. Do we have any texts explaining the worship habits of the Roman outposts? There must be hints in diaries of soldiers and traders. That would be an awesome research project for someone versed in ancient Roman texts, rare documents, if they were not destroyed by Rome's enemies or burned in holy wars.
what people tend to forget, is that, most of these so called romans, wernt from rome, they were employed by, rome, just like contractors, are today, so, pinning down a religious practice, would be difficult, which is why, romans, were lenient, about different gods, and practices
I regularly think while watching Time Team, "well, someone made a career off of that site." After this one, I'm certain an entire cohort of doctorate students made their careers off of it.
The word they are saying is Latin 'cella' (pronounced with a hard 'c'), which technically means 'store room' (as in modern 'cellar'), but by extension refers to the 'god room' in the temples. I'm sure 'keller' is from the same root, though.
To those critical of the banter between the hosts of the show, its the lightheartedness that makes watching it so engaging. They've opened up the interest in archaeology ten fold im sure and that was the main goal of the show upon its start.
Psh, I love this team and their banter and ribbing!
I love the banter. It's part of what makes the show so engaging.
After reading quite a few comments, I didn't find any that mentioned this episode's clever title, "The Trouble With Temples", that I think was a play on the famous Star Trek episode, " *The Trouble with Tribbles* ", in which the cute tribble creature(s) they brought on board kept multiplying.
This is one of my all-time favorite episodes. The lighthearted banter and respectful disagreements make everything intriguing. It makes me wish I'd grabbed the opportunity to take a college course in archaeology.
I also like the way Ian Powlesland handles the digger so delicately.
I dig Stewart. He quietly does his thing. Later, when everyone is arguing, he comes up and says, "Take a look at this", and he's got it! He's the Landscape Whisperer.
Agreed. But he also had a tendency early in the Time Team era of sweeping in and saying things like "The difference between your way of investigating and mine is that mine is true and yours is rubbish." The fact that you had to excavate to learn that certain landforms MIGHT be what you think they are doesn't seem to enter his mind. But he is very good at his part of the process and I'm glad he mellowed with time and became less opinionated.
@@skeeterinnewjersey5256 I think some mellowed with time, some left, and some got even more cranky. As coworkers tend to do...
A very human show, when viewed over the years. And I can't say so without saying that IMHO. & FWIW tony made the show popular while the rest made it science. Popular Science! Gotta love it!.
And Guy turns up in a shirt and jacket , just to look like a knob in a field. Totally with you, the quiet understated hero.
All of them and their different personalities made this show so great! I watch it over and over💜🤘
I don’t dig him because he never digs even when pregnant women are. He tried to one-up everyone all the and childishly tried to be the hero. He’s not much of a team player at all. If I could digitally remove him this great show would be even greater. Wouldn’t miss him at all.
Tony's face is priceless when they insist a circle is rectangular. :)
An absolutely stunning episode. I am so happy for the Brits and their efforts to find, document, and preserve their history. Congratulations Time Team!
Stewart really needs his own TV series. "Walking around Britain with Stewart" .
aerorobnz he’s always been my favorite. He’s thoughtful and has that wonderful ability to see how the land used to look and why then people used the land in the ways they did.
Stewart for the land use and side kick Helen geake for the history bit.
Tony did a show called 'Walking through History".
That's a brilliant idea.
7
"Oh arr, Tony, there's gonna be a temple 'ear." Love this show.
We, in Britain, should be very proud of Time Team. There is no other country in the world that has any TV program that can compare with it. Hence the British public are far more aware of our history and heritage than virtually any other country. Bravo Time Team.
That's so true. I'm from switzerland and i know that we have a lot of archeology (roman, prehistoric etc.) but there's just no tv programm that explains it all. I don't even know if there are any good books on it and if there are any such books then clearly it's in no way comparable to time team.
Every country should have time team. I never cared much about history before time team. It's a pretty amazing program. To think that all of this stuff that was built hundreds or even thousands of years ago is just lying around in our fields is just amazing.
@@stauffap Switzerland La tene , beaker culture
Large influence on British culture during the early &middle bronze age eras , I have a part of sword blade from Switzerland ( I live just north of London, England ) the la tene were based around a large lake area , I can't remember much , its been a while since I last read about it,, but Switzerland was central to many cultures who spread around Europe & that had originated from that area around the lake in Switzerland ,
@@stauffap you are literally surrounded by important archaeology many things began in your area especially from the #bronze #age onwards 👍👍⚔⚒
@@kevwhufc8640
I know, all that's missing is a tv programm that presents the rich archeological findings of switzerland. But such a thing doesn't exist to my knowledge.
Congratulations …let's throw a party for the "Great Oppressor".
When you think of all the Episodes in the rain and the cold and the mud, and sometimes with little or nothing to show after three days work, the Team really deserved an Episode like this.
... awww love your posts! always positive and bang on!
I look at this and think of places in my own home town, and wonder what they would find there. My church for instance build 1080 I know not Roman, but was the only church between London and St Albany’s.. still original walks etc.. would love to see a time team there. But I can dream.
Time Team and all the Characters are a National Treasure. What a great show, each person on it a gem!
I love all the bickering. You can tell that it's good-natured and it makes for great TV. What a great show.
Once again the Brits shows the world how to make entertaining TV! Recently found this show and I am addicted.
10:40 Phil 😂❤️
This show has been my go-to show during this Age of COVID. Phil Harding and his glottal stops slay me every time. And I've never heard anyone mutter at dirt before. Fields and crops, yes. A simple patch of dirt, nope.
WARNING: Withdrawal symptoms, sometimes server, have been reported by viewers upon running out of new episodes! Caution is advised! 😂
💜!:-)💜💜💜
Im sorry but I can't get enough of this show!! I've subscribed to this and one other channel that puts out these shows. I've always wanted to be an archaeologist. I love it! And the people on here!!
I also had that dream
Francis Pryor must have been in heaven in this episode. All that ritual!
It is incredible how often Stewart is right after doing his landscape calculations and using a simple ruler to draw a straight line, despite what all the high tech Geophysics and highly qualified archaeologists say to the contrary ! He was definitely an extremely valuable member of the team and it was a pity that he didn't participate in many of the later excavations and episodes for some reason. Does anybody know why he stopped being a member of Time Team's scientific experts ? I for one really missed his incredibly interesting input on these excavations. 😭
On several of the later digs he was replaced by *Alex Langlands.* I assume that he had a lot else to do.
I think Stewart Ainsworth was one of the ones who decided not to make the move to Wales with the rest of the production team. Typical management -- they make decisions based on their wallets, lose their best people, product deteriorates, then they blame the market.
As to Ainsworth "always being right," check out S18Ep9. I felt so sorry for him in that one. I like him in general, but he speaks with a nasal whine that bugs me. When he becomes anxious, it goes up in pitch, and he sometimes sounds as if he's on the verge of tears.
@SteelRodent They moved production to Wales, and a lot of the production team couldn't or wouldn't make the move. They also appear to have decided to use younger, prettier women.
He had a wife, two children, and a day job for at least some of the time. He has only excelled in academic circles since he left, and might have had a big passion for giving lectures. He's currently a visiting professor at University of Chester.
He was a crucial member of the cast/team. When he and Helen Geake were essentially fobbed off for Maryann and Alex Langlands, the writing was on the wall. Like so many TT fans, I find season 19 virtually unwatchable.
Reiner, thank you a thousand times for uploading these brilliant programmers. This episode was superb, one of the most fascinating of the lot.
One of my favorite things about Time Team is that you see so many different parts of Britain.
As an American, I am grateful that in the later series they showed the area on a map first so I don't have to look up the location.
Reijer, I’m watching the entire ouvre from s1e1 through s18. Thank you for posting and for posting in order. This has saved my sanity in times chaos. (Ok, I cannot stand 19 and 20, but that’s on me.)
Amazing. Fascinating. One of my favourite Time Teams so far. Thanks again Reijer!
"It's a bit like buses isn't it - you don't find any temples for several digs and then four come along at once." That's what someone should have said!
For once, even Dr. Pryor's eternal enthusiasm was exceeded by the actual wealth and complexity of a site! Kudos to Francis, Phil, John, Stewart, Helen, Guy, Tony, and the entire Time Team for an extraordinary discovery!
Thanks for posting.
A most satisfying excavation and 3 days, start to finish! Plenty of artifacts to date the temples, explanations found to solve questionable areas, a most rare and important find. Firsts for the archeologists, too. Hope to find more on this site later, hope they preserved it.
This channel is my happy place.
I swear, every time I listen to them talk about Romans absorbing other's religions and customs I think of the Borg :)
The BORG, a race (more machine than humanoïd) in Star Trek that assimilates every other race in space. Their catchphrase : Resistance Is Futile, You Will Be Assimilated.
When you think on it, history is full, (chocker-block full) of races who thought their way to manage people is the best way and push right in and set up shop weather they want it or not and the option of choice is seldom on the table. ("YOU WILL BE ASSIMILATED,RESISTANCE IS FUTILE!) well, except the choice between see it our way or die.
Hello RCANTS, Most major museums in the UK are free entry so these artifacts are not dug up for "rich" people. The British Museum, Natural History Museum, Science Museum and others don't charge. What's your point ? The pursuit of knowledge, especially about the past, enriches our culture, teaches us lessons and explains why our environment and society is the way it is today. You seem to be another of those miserable complainers who whine about anything that is beyond your understanding, if you don't like this stuff then don't watch it and leave the rest of us to enjoy what is a thrilling and consuming subject without the pointless negative commentary.
The truly nasty "rich people" are the ones who purchase pilfered artifacts for their own selfish motives.
@@WashuHakubi4 And "the truly nasty not so rich people" in the form of some "truly nasty" detectorists raid archeological sites with their detectors, taking the valuable metals and flogging them on ebay, it is called night hawking. Sometimes it is developers who plough through historical records to find hints of settlements, and along with the land owners, invite those few unscrupulous detectorists to go over the site, telling them they can keep everything they find. Any masonry is hauled out, the land is double ploughed, and when the prospect of development is put forward, there is no evidence of any historical settlement because it has been removed, and sold on.
I would so enjoy sitting down and sharing a pint with Phil, JoAnn, Stuart and Mary.
To those posts of a critical nature I must say, our contract with freedom of speech is a reciprocal one. The most important part may be in knowing when to remain silent.
Focus on the thrill of discovering and understanding the Archaeology, not on the soap opera the producers suppose build viewer numbers. "Small minds think about people, mediocre minds think about events and great minds think of ideas." Or to put it more plainly in the words of the philosopher Thumper, "If you can't say somethin' nice, don't say nothin' at all."
Kim Jameson and without the antics of the presentation team they'd never have been able to popularise archeology, which was the main purpose of the series (certainly as initially envisioned).
Most people don't know Tony and Mick were friends before Time Team and that it was Mick who suggested Tony should be the presenter. ("Mick's Archaeology", Mick Aston, 2000)
Kim Jameson
Kim Jameson; Well said.
Helen: here's three bits of dating evidence.
Guy: or coins, as we often call them in English.
(BTW: leave it to Guy de la Bédoyère to rock the suit coat in the field ❤)
Isn't it fantastic what a dedicated team of scientists and other enthusiasts working for a TV company could research and excavate in just three days ! A whole major Roman Temple complex of national importance only known previously from a 1970's aerial photograph, and even that only just marked the edges of buildings not seen for 1,700 - odd years. Time Team must have done more for British Heritage in the 20 years the series ran than countless other archaeological excavations in Britain during the same period. I sincerely wish that the series would be continued in one form or the other - it was clearly not due to a lack of viewer popularity that it was taken off production. 😘
P.S.
What surprises me even more is that the National Trust do not jump on the opportunity to excavate the whole site after Time Team's extraordinary finds, but often merely "schedule" the site and then leave it for another generation to continue the work some day in the far future. With such an exceptional find, one would think that it would be followed up quite quickly, but nearly always - no such thing ! 😕
SNP1999 Literally every square centimeter of Great Britain has something of significant historical or cultural value which happened on top of it or is buried underneath it. The whole country could be one huge archeological dig site. It’s no wonder to me that the National Trust has to schedule further archeological investigations of sites like this years or even decades into the future - there is just so much really important history which happened on that island for thousands of years (but I’m an American Anglophile, so admittedly my perspective is a bit biased 😆)
@@markreeter6227 Not quite _every_ square centimetre - but pretty damn close!
Scheduling or other designation/protection of sites is undertaken by Historic England. The National Trust looks after places of historic interest or natural beauty.
Tim Taylor, the creator/producer of Time Team, is currently leading a crowd-funding effort to bring back the show, at least in some capacity:
ruclips.net/video/Zj2bjBLSqcE/видео.html
Guy absolutely crack me up with these flamboyant and dramatic explainations.
"You say it's a temple, it's a temple, but we NEVER FIND a temple!" - Tony
Here's 4
And for good measure, the rarest of all temples, a round one.
Brilliant dig. I so enjoy the knowledge and discussions.
I like Francis. He has a great sense of humor
+Aimee Brass I think Mick Aston had less preconceptions and was more open to just looking at what happened and interpreting that. Francis seems to be more rigid based on ideas he has.
Yes, Francis is a true believer and starts off with a strong bias. On the other hand, he is perfectly willing to admit when he's wrong and go with the evidence. He and Mick are both great. The best part about Francis is that he is so enthusiastic that he draws me in and manages to get me excited about little more than a stain in the ground and a small pile of rocks. :)
@@nategilbert7397 Francis is far less willing to give up his preconceived notions than you think. There's an episode of a bronze age settlement on an island and there is a barrow on it. First crap out of his mouth was it was an island of the dead when all they knew was a barrow was there. Then the bridge to the island was all the people from around the island bringing in their dead for his favorite religion... ancestor worship. Once the whole settlement was found it is still an island of the dead but in the peoples mindset rather than the village cemetery with village on the village island where it is more defensible against attack. Then he was on about a broken bronze age sword in the water and two spear heads that were found point down in the silt at the land side of the bridge... anyone that uses a sword can see the bend in the blade was caused by bad edge alignment during a cut and the break in the sword was caused by a bad cast of bronze. Then a spearhead with part of the shaft will sink in water point down and stick into silt standing up. To him they were offerings to the ancestors and gods. Logic suggests they were not placed in the water carefully as he suggests but evidence of combat to defend the bridge to the settlement during a time when conflict was common. But nope Bridge to the island of the dead and those were offerings. When he is talking about ritual and religion... I think he needs to be ignored and everything else that comes out of his mouth should be taken with a saltshaker of salt.
@@JETWTF Oh please you sourpuss. Stop trying to pick holes in Francis' approach, he's a great member of the team and a real authority in the field with a great sense of humour and passion for the work.
This is the most excited I've ever seen these guys, and for good reason! So very unfortunate Mick wasn't able to share in this, it would have made this discovery even better..
I do think that Francis and Mick are very of the same thinking, in that you have to dig to prove what you may be thinking. But i also think that they do it in a different way, in that Francis is more the distant overbearing school teacher type, and Mick is more laid back and talks to people more like your favourite uncle, and is far more a mellow type. And i love the rare shows when they are together.
Wessex Archaeology did a further dig after Time Team left
Is there a record of their dig? I would also love to know what those lead scrolls said.
@@maartendeen8404 www.csamuel.org/2009/05/12/time-team-friars-wash-post-excavation-report
Peter Houle thank you for that link
Well in the early series of Time Team they did a lot of the recording themselves. A criticism was they didn't produce written reports that could be used by future archaeologists, so eventually after series 10 through Phil Harding who still is one of their field archaeologists, Wessex Archaeology, a registered charity that uses its donations for research took on all these tasks. Their team is there at the site working alongside Time Team, all of whom contribute to the findings. This means that the latter series were all very much proper scientific research as well as being great TV.
Just started to watch time team, 2018 oh the show is great!! What to learn watch them!!!
Don't give Tony too hard of a time.. He knows he's the eyes and ears of the audience.. He sets up the others to explain why such & such a thing is important.. He asks the questions the audience wants to ask, simply.. Then he does an overview to keep the audience "on the same page".. The archeologists know this, which is why they rarely respond with "what? Are you an idiot?".. ;-)
STEFAN - AN AMERICAN IN RUSSIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA! He’s our Watson, drawing out the people who know. Imagine how insufferable the PhDs would sound if he wasn’t there to be the sounding board.
Plus people enjoy a bit of conflict. He´s the court jester, poking at people.
Not only that, Tony was a producer of the program/ He was more than just a pretty face!
And after the experts tell what is going on, Tony goes a flights of fantasy that is all bs. Having watched most of these episodes at least three times, Tony gets to be a pain in the butt.
@@TheSuzberry The PHDs are more interesting than that little Mysogynist. He is incredibly rude to John while thinking it's funny. Rudeness is never funny.
We all have our favourites. Most people really like Phil, whereas I think his accent can be a trifle grating sometimes. After a dozen or so episodes I've simply fallen in love with Helen Geake.
even that i have seen these episodes before, it was such a long time ago. so, no problem watching it a second or third time!
As you grow older they all seem new😊
@@PaulMahon-w2b for sure there can and will be memory lapses.
I love how Tony winds up the archeologists. He sets them up so brilliantly. They fall into it each and every time! Poor Phil. He's a sitting duck!
Hooray for dating material!
Honestly! It never rains, but it pours! 4 Temples???
Time team almost every dig they were blessed until the offering was stolen
The gorgeous Helen pretty in pink!
As Google Earth is your friend and I've taken to IDing in that app the location of these digs (hey, everyone has a hobby...!) it's good to know that this field hasn't been plowed since the TT dig was done.
I love their altercations about where to dig - it was indeed circular
Right...a circular rectangle!😀
As a surveyor myself, I feel for Henry. Can't win 'em all.
That mans lip beard is epic. I love seeing him every time he shows up on the program.
Great example of when a leader should have listened Phil was absolutely right about where to put that first trench. Soo much time would have been saved wondering where they where and all knowledge from 1 trench
The beauty of hindsight 😊
I am not Neil , Well done , I am amazed at what you have found , I hope they do not make you cover what you found ? You make being picky a good quality ! What a fabulous group of genuine dedicated optimistic people , I think the real treasure is your team . love from Ontario Canada .
I love these guys. They definitely live up to the name of calling a group of archaeologists an Argument.
"If we were Romans now, could we invent a god right here - the Hay god - or whatever?"
"No, you don't get it. The point is the god is here already. You have to identify that and access his power."
"But Guy, while you were saying that, this hay moved in a mysterious way..."
I do like it when Faye makes in on screen.
Fascinating episode. I was wondering, as these finds were so rare, what happened to the site after the team left? Did it continue to be farmed?
Tony's impression of Phil is hilarious
Being in the states,pretty much prehistoric here,and living in ky. I have found many a blades in fields but find the quality along the rivers and streams....cheers
Is the title a Star Trek ref? The Trouble With Tribbles? There's so many of them!
I thought is was. Most of the TT titles are plays on words, so it would make sense.
You have to admit there is a certain "wit" behind it. Being a "Trekker" myself I did like the "Tip of the hat."
Star Trek fans are everywhere the world over! Even on Time Team, especially since Sir Patrick Stewart graced the "Center seat." I am sure there may have been a "Department of Archaeological Technologies" aboard ship during certain missions. Having been a Captain of a Star Trek fan club chapter myself (U.S.S. Kittyhawk NCC-1903) I would have been directly involved with such missions. And like on Time Team, the archaeology would have been persued with great enthusiasm.
@26:04 the brooch looks like the moon, Earth, Sun with three planets (Venus, Mars, Jupiter?)
Wow. Wonderful. oh, about Watling Street ... isn't that the amazing road that goes from Dover to the Severn, almost Wales?
I think King Arthur mentions it while kicking out some Roman emissaries.
My favourite TT episode
Still watching, re-watching. To me, the funniest part is seeing so many Jet shots on an archaeology program. Must have been close to a major airport. :D
Near London.
Great stuff keep the videos coming.
Stewart is a genius put him to work in all research.
wasnt is season 13 when the were checking out a vickers outside a roman fort that was scheduled and they found not 1 not 2 but 3 and potentially even more temples along the road ... and all they were loking for was how the general people lived
Those were burial mausoleums, not temples.
Prehistoric ET! This made me stupid-happy. I would have been satisfied with my response to "I don't know what it is." (I said "It's a rock.") But Tony made a much better comment!
Theres more plough damage in this area of Hertfordshire than anywhere else, majority of land is heavy clay subsoil , awful for ploughing, & during Celtic, Roman times majority of land was pasture.
The places where chalk dominates , there's archaeological evidence of ploughing from later Celtic times .
Modern machinery, heavy tractors have done more damage
Between 1995 - 2005 than the past 2 millennia, most of it in StAlbans itself, the Roman city of Verulamium , one of the largest & most important in Britain ( half lies buried safely under the grass, parkland,
The other half, is private land owned by Lord verulam,
Unploughed until ww2 , when permission was granted to shallow plough , until a year or 2 after the war ended.
Which the lord completely ignored & continued to plough until 2005 , after years of pleas from English heritage etc to stop ploughing inside the Roman walls , not until an MP got involved & a huge compensation deal was agreed with the landowner lord, did he finally stop ploughing.
A few years after we got permission to put a few small trenches in that half of the Roman town , under the guise of looking for post Roman, Saxon evidence,
Had we said the truth about looking at the plough damage
We never would have got permission.
The reality was more shocking than even the most pessimistic among us expected.
Comparing to excavations done in 1955 , the clearly defined outer walls of buildings , including interior walls, floors , some mosaic, were amazingly good condition.
Our work mid 2000s showed the full extent of the damage,
Damage is an understatement, completely destroyed was the reality .
Foundations four/five courses were gone, & nothing of the mosaic remained.
In nearly 25 years excavating none of us had ever seen such unnecessary destruction.
Almost as if he's ( Lord verulam) told the plough to go as deep as possible.
It stil depresses me everytime I remember or talk about it.
you don't get rich and powerful through not exploiting things for your own short term benefit.
@@kc3718 i know I totally get that,
But this land had half a Roman town underneath, & it wax a protected ancient monument, they were only supposed to plough for the 5 years of the war , = 1950 ..
He continued until 2005 & only after the government paid a small fortune to stop him Lord Verulam,, after his machinery had destroyed the majority of the Roman city, including beautiful mosaic floors , it just shows what absolute selfish wankers those people are ( in fact they were a very distant relative of the original lords of verulam, but bc no kids survived this new family were given the title etc as long as they changed name to the family that were dying out , about 200 years ago) so they're worse than the usual toffs these lot are made up into the top tier of toff land & those those are bigger snobs than the real snobs with a genuine titled history .
Anyway they destroyed remains that had lasted fine for almost 2000 years..
At least metal detecorists were going on his land everytime they ploughed it , they were finding everything from Gold / silver brooches & coins & other great artifacts that would have been destroyed..
I know a few detecorists that earned a lot of money from the artifacts they were finding on that land & then selling to collectors including the local museum.
At least something good came from the destruction.
I just wanna have one beer with Phil lol
You showed an "Offering of Coins." I would have loved to know how much the offering was worth. A days pay, 40 loves of bread, a vessel of wine, etc.?
Depending on what you can afford for what you want I guess
Like the collection plates in our times.....
Looks roughly circular to my laymen's eyes
Let me translate Bridge's Kiwi understatement "Oh but don't squash it just yet Guy' is roughly "You're such a prat Guy'
@Napoleon Hercules Doesn't stop you being a prat.
Tony, Tony, Tony. Tsk,tsk,tsk. Mocking the Hay God, Achoo. That's his name. Achoo.
Fever God your talking about
All these finds make us enthusiastic. It gives hope for the "finds" they don't find X 7.
A site of this importance would become the object of a long-term dig, probably by a team from a university.
Phil Harding: He put a rank ahead of me!!
Wasn't it "He pulled rank on me"?
Stewart saves the dig again!
Terribly hypocritical of the Romans to stage the slaughter of people indiscriminately at home in the circus and dedicate those to the gods, and then condemn the Druids for human sacrifice... Surely the actual problem was the loyalty the Druids commanded and their competition for power...... didn't Constantine the Great originally believe he could make all the empire worship Sol Invictus alone?.... There you go, straight out of Guy's mouth: the problem was that as long as the Druids were around, the Romans had no chance of completely rebranding things, there would have always been competition. So they snuffed the competition.
right on bro, just like, getting rid of, the trade unions
@@WOLFROY47 I don't think it's hypocritical. Normal Roman citizens were never slaughtered in the games. They were slaves, or enemies, or convicts. That's quite different to sacrificing an innocent from your own culture.
tony robinson is awesome
that broach, was, the sun at one end, and the moon at the other, red and bluish green at the other
This could have been a two-hour special. Too bad that they only had three days.
Looking at google maps, you can't tell if anything is there. What a shame to cover it up after discovering it. 51°49'07.8"N 0°24'14.3"W
Good thing the pyramids are all above ground, or we may have never seen them at all...
Give the Sahara time 😊
The romans outlawed human sacrifice bring on the gladiators
Did you see the McGregor v Diaz fight on Saturday night?
Gladiatorial fights were often not to the death, and they were considered noble and just a dangerous sport. That's kind of different to making a human sacrifice.
Gladiator fights were usually not to the death (except in Hollywood movies... and old history books). It cost a lot of money to train a gladiator. Gladiators trained in different techniques and fights between gladiators were usually show fights like professional wrestling. Or a trained gladiator would face a condemned prisoner who had never worn armor or used a weapon before. If a gladiator died/was killed the sponsor of the games had to pay for the death and, as mentioned, it was expensive. Origin isn't clear, but it may go back to Greek athletic contests to honor gods - it is still subject of debate.
Phillip C Like jousting, UFC....ever been to a boxing match? Did you scream and clap when a good hit knocked one of the combatants out?
Yes, and the Romans also practiced rampant infanticide (usually through exposure) of liveborn and otherwise healthy babies, often because they were girls. That was common throughout the ancient world but the Romans seem to have done so with incredible nonchalance.
Constantine was no Christian , he just supported their talents since they were becoming a large power bloc in the population .
Love your content
I am guessing that whoever gave this episode it's title is a Trekky.
Nothin' wrong with that!
Have you Brits never heard of knee pads? My knees hurt watching poor Phil and when he's just bending over, my back hurts. Somebody buy him a pair for Christmas or Roman Virgin sacrifice day or Norman French Cheese day or something.
OK, you have all the trenches to varying depths exposing lots of archeology and it is Sunday evening and we go out for a pint! Who gets up Monday and carefully refills the dig?
The site manager and one of the mechanical digger drivers, Kerry Ely and Ian Barclay, usually stayed behind for several days and put the area back to its original state. The others all went back to their day jobs.
That looks almost exactly like the outline of the state of California in the US
I would have loved to hear an Archeologist give their opinion about when and how those buildings were deconstructed, where the spoils may have gone and how the spoils my have been used.
Sometimes they can guess or see stray stones
Not surprised they dug at friar wash,it's not that far from verulamium.
I've watched THIS program sometime! And Tony seems to be sarcastic and slowtimeing with the experts! Is he paying for these project's ?.
Why wouldn't you use a stiff brush to clear away that dry soil rather than scrape away at stone with a steel trowel? Couldn't the trowel damage those items that I see you handling like the shell fragments of a robin's egg?
I think the stone was just a rock. Romans knew how to carve beautiful sculpture…
Dumb Question: why do those British temples so absolutely NOT look like the Roman temples you see on drawings is the ancient city of Rome, e.g. the Forum Romanum? I’d really like to know ( having been interested in all kinds of history and archaeology for over 60 years )
Easy I guess Rome had all the money reason and vanity
Tony doing a great Phil impersonation 4:59-5:04
I've seen a few of those lead curse things... really wanna see one unrolled.
I am wondering if they could have found out the name of this god on the lead scrolls. It is a pity they did not unroll them in the lab for us in this episode. Aaah!!!
In another episode they do unroll one. It's quite difficult, but revealing.
Why all of a sudden the black borders on the sides, it didn't have it before. Even when Time Team has a video we get the borders.
I would suppose that after the three days, hoards of treasure seekers will descend on this field and denude it of all the artifacts?
one of my favorites because it turns the elusive Roman temple myth upside down. Four temples at least and maybe more. Why was the three-part boundary drawn, I wonder? was the other side a cursed place or a dangerous one for whatever reason? was it though enchanted? the home of wild beasts like the Formorians? the Romans regarded it worth a lot of negotiating with the gods, given all the offerings that remain. Were these razed by Romans on their way out of Britain? most likely. So why leave behind the votive offerings? Maybe they would have been cursed to remove them in their way of thinking. Do we have any texts explaining the worship habits of the Roman outposts? There must be hints in diaries of soldiers and traders. That would be an awesome research project for someone versed in ancient Roman texts, rare documents, if they were not destroyed by Rome's enemies or burned in holy wars.
what people tend to forget, is that, most of these so called romans, wernt from rome, they were employed by, rome, just like contractors, are today, so, pinning down a religious practice, would be difficult, which is why, romans, were lenient, about different gods, and practices
Seems to me, Phil and Frances love winding Tony up!
I regularly think while watching Time Team, "well, someone made a career off of that site." After this one, I'm certain an entire cohort of doctorate students made their careers off of it.
interesting thought in German Keller means basement, Just wondering how it went from a religious roman church to a place to hide and keep things,
The word they are saying is Latin 'cella' (pronounced with a hard 'c'), which technically means 'store room' (as in modern 'cellar'), but by extension refers to the 'god room' in the temples. I'm sure 'keller' is from the same root, though.