Edit - correction, this is NOT a "Monte Carlo" stock, it just has a cheekpiece. The Monte Carlo comb sits proud of the butt itself, so has a step down near the buttplate. My friend Danny at the Cody Firearms Museum has pointed out something I missed, which is that the bolt arrangement is eerily similar to the George W. Morse patent 15995 of 1856. A possible inspiration, in which case the story COULD go Morse-This Thing-Jovanovich.
If it is indeed a variation of the Morse design, the developer of this gun was a proper patent nerd. To dig up an obscure half-a-century-old patent before Internet or even well-maintained patent databases would be a fit. Even the use of Curtis-pattern gas operation by Browning in his M1895 only goes to the late 1860s design, and it was dug up by a team of patent hounds on a payroll of a large corporation involved in a greatly damaging lawsuit.
@@PaleoWithFries hold my tea. this with a few bolt on things would be amazingly star wars. a barrel length, single diameter tube (the old mid/late 1800s style], long eye relief "scope" (just needs to be tube with plastic or glass slide from microscope on each end] mounted on those sight bases and a low profile blocky magazine in the magazine well and some heat radiating ribbed pipe part that is cut with lightening holes on the recoil spring as a handguard. also some greebles on the top of toggle lock with a valve from scuba tank or other pressurized gas/liquid system on the hole in back of slide.
I love these oddball dead end designs. Thanks for sharing this one. With regards to not disassembling the guns to frequently, had the armory considered getting a good 3D scanner so that when one is taken apart accurate scans can be taken along with photos? It would be great from a research accessibility standpoint but also to allow recreation of various parts or entire guns.
@@aniquinstark4347 I'm guessing you've not had much first hand experience with the various failure states of metal, then? Fatigue, stresses, peening, corrosion - all of these things come into play, even in a carefully curated environment such as a museum. Doubly so with these prototype designs that (as was noted) haven't even been properly hardened in development. This doesn't even account for things like alloy qualities - inclusions and minor variances in the alloy itself can cause huge weakness issues that take a while to show up, but are catastrophic.
It's worth noting that the performance of the cartridge was deliberately made significantly lower than what was theoretically possible because it was a British cartridge for big game in Africa loaded using cordite powder which was exceptionally sensitive to heat. Generally a maximum pressure of 47k psi was allowed with cordite to give enough safety factor, but with newer flake or ball powders which don't see such drastic increases in burn speed (and thus pressure) the maximum would be up around 62k. So it wasn't exactly a slouch, despite being over a hundred years old it was right up at the limits of what would be allowed even today when using a brass case (which is 65k after safety factor).
I have also heard that chamber pressures on big game rifles were intentionally on the low side to facilitate extraction, which certainly seems wise if you have emptied that big double rifle into a dangerous critter which is, by now, feeling sort of upset but not yet feeling real dead.
Ferguson and Gun Jesus are top tier. Both men that had their passion and pursuit for knowledge spill over into a career they can share with the rest of us.
@@edgarburlyman738 I hope they don’t worry too much about one another, because they’re both building the hobby and interest. The real enemy here is obscurity and they’re both fighting that, to everyone’s benefit
The barrel seems to be the key to identifying the provenance of this mystery rifle. It looks like an unfinished production part mated to an engineering shop prototype receiver and action. My wild guess is that it was a prototype made in the H&H factory using that particular barrel and cartridge because they were available as surplus parts. It may have been an "off the books" project by some H&H employee who knew of the Pedersen-based designs of self-loading rifles and wondered if he could make a self-loading rifle using the firm's facilities and no-one would notice if a spare barrel for their unpopular 0.375 Nitro Express rifle went missing. If you can track down any existing 0.375" Nitro Express rifles in collections or period literature and cross-compare the barrel shape and sight block layout that might give you another line of enquiry.
@World Traveler Jonathan did mention the rifle is totally unmarked, which would mean that if the barrel was taken from an existing stock, it would have been done *before* proofing, which may be the case since it also lacks the finish machining for the sights, so it may have been a rejected barrel the designer either took from the scrap pile or was given as it was junk to them anyway
@@worldtraveler930 - Proofing only occurs when you have a completed firearm that you are ready to sell. This is definitely a prototype which means proofing is still in the distant future.
Brilliant. The ingenuity of gun designers and builders is second to none. It starts with an idea 100% of the time based on something else. Guns shaped society, both good and bad. It needs to be understood not feared.
A general comment here. Have you thought of using x-ray florescence as a NDT method of cataloging firearm metallurgy? I was using this method last summer at work and found it very revealing. Especially as it regards to "purity" of composition of metals. For instance using the Star-Trek like pistol and shooting a piece of "pewter" showed expected lead, antimony, and zinc. But it also revealed uranium, mercury, silver and gold content. With enough data one would be able to determine what furnace made what, if a particular manufacturer had a material specification, etc. Perhaps the rifle here may have steel(s) from an Italian, Czech or German plant. Just a thought.
Sounds like a great theory just one issue I would think metal tends to travel and move around and be bought ,stolen and everything in between so while yes u may be able to find exactly where it came from I don’t think u would be able to trace every bit as there would be no way to test purity n stuff on the recovering end they would just have to take their word . I hope what I’m saying makes sense
I've heard that a common concern among big game hunters was the risk of being charged by an animal they'd wounded. Hence why some big game rifles have two barrels, and also the original development of 'howdah pistols'. This might have been intended as a way to allow hunters to take quick follow-up shots at charging animals.
In parts of the British Empire that restricted what caliber weapons could be used to hunt certain game, .375" was the minimum specified for shooting elephants. Also, I was seeing 'Express' style folding leaf sights still being fitted to brand new rifles into the mid-1970's from companies like Steyr (Mannlicher) and FN Browning
About 25 years ago I was in a gun shop in Shrewsbury when I was shown a double rifle owned by a local landed gentleman. A sidelock action gun made by Sauer in Austria. You may presume it would be chambered in a European calibre but this was in H&H •375. Allegedly the owner's father had used it in East Africa to shoot a right and left at two charging rhinoceroses back in the 1930s. However, knowing about the hyperbole that some people are capable of I did take a deep breath and a large pinch of salt.
Very cool! This may be Jonathan's best video yet - he's so very clearly really into the mystery of this thing. Entertaining and educational, an excellent use of my time. Thank you all!
I only discovered this channel about a month ago. I've got to say that the content is excellent and this video is a great reminder of just how many unusual designs there must have been to get us to the tried and true mechanisms we know and rely on today. Simply brilliant.
You know, based on the cartridge, this might have been a first attempt at a semiautomatic big game stopping rifle. The .375" diameter projectile been a popular choice for african big game hunting, and maybe the inventor was looking to break into that market. It's definitely a curious piece!
My thoughts were in the geographic opposite direction. Northern big game hunting. particularly bears or moose. Consider the large trigger guard opening for a gloved hand and the heavy spring arrangement to close into battery against frost debris in the fall or winter.
My mind also immediately went to Africa. If anybody can research Dutch patents, that might well be helpful, but given the “Wild West” attitude of firearm’s development back then it might have been a commissioned project from some gentry that wanted to show up somebody on safari
It always amazes me just how nicely machined and complete many prototype guns are and how nicely finished the metal and wood is in an almost production like way even way back then
Tfbtv guy has been getting some very interesting videos done on his travels lately. Check it out. Stuff these guys could never get their hands on, because they're prototypes in the manufacturer's reference vaults.
A quite fearsome recoil with all those large lumps of metal hammering around - also a great finger dicer if you let go of the wrong bit at the wrong time.
@@BlackSoap361 To me, that's somewhat worse, if things are slowed down enough that the giant flappy bit falls into your eye's ability to detect motion. You might not consciously notice the big hunk of metal flying at your forehead every shot, but your twitchy lizard brain might. That'll greatly amplify the general unpleasantness of the firearm, even if by the numbers it seems fine.
@@TheRealColBosch In operation the toggle would cycle so quickly and you are so far back from it that it would be a non-factor for the most part. But yeah, it is a "suboptimal" design.
@@obsidianjane4413 Wasn't the Pedersen rifle observed to be more pleasant to shoot than the Garand? My understanding is Garand's rifle won out because it was cheaper and easier to produce and less finicky about maintenance. And it didn't require lubricated ammo, which was considered to be a supply chain issue.
I was going to say it reminds me of the luger rifle or the Mauser self loader both of which had toggle or flap lock mechanisms, funny that at the turn of the century a lot of people thought that those types of actions were going to be the future
Thanks Jonathan and team - really interesting. Thanks for showing the patent drawings but I'm not 100% convinced that they exactly fit this action, as you noted in the video. But patents are a great resource. In retrospect, we are really lucky that the point and purpose of item XIX.852 is covered by a US Patent that is now accessible online. It gives some clue as to what its mad inventors and their sponsors were up to at the time.
The locking flap reminds me of the Browning gas operated pistol of 1897. Recoil actuated instead of gas, of course, by the large over the top flap with the internal toggle.
10:45 this is a really interesting argument on what type of firing system this technically is. A striker is a single piece with the firing pin, where a linear hammer is separate from the firing pin. However, as far as I am aware, no other toggle lock firearm had the cocking/firing mechanism inside the toggle arm like this one. You could say conventionally it is more similar to a linear hammer, or you could argue it has it's own category. Regardless, it's just semantics about what to call the parts of the gun that make it go pew pew pew.
Sir, that is a very interesting rifle. When I first started, watching it reminded me of a few different obscure rifles. The Peterson rifle was one of the first to come to mind, and a J. M. B. from early 1900s. Thanks for sharing this with everyone. I know my comments added nothing of relevance to this, but to fuel U-tube tracking.
I have seen a virtually identical one in Australia. It was own by a professional SriLanken Tiger and leopard hunter. Unfortunately when semi auto rifles were banned his surviving wife handed in in and it was destroyed.
Wait what?! Tell us more, or at least try to draw it. If it's close enough, it might give us a better idea of what it is. If it's dissimilar, we can see which gun that guy actually used, which would also be interesting. I don't want to imply thay you're lying, but I can see how this could be confused with other, just slightly more common, early selfloading rifles. Could also give info about stuff like the front handguard, magazine et cetera.
Looks as if it would make an excellent military rifle. Reliable action, minimal open spots for dirt and debris, and a large trigger guard for operating with gloves in cold weather.
As an inventor myself I can say I’ve done a few iterations of a design before paying the money for a patent. It’s kinda expensive and time consuming to file for a patent. You want to make sure that your idea works before you go through the process. And of course your going to play with it and show your friends. So it’s going to be beat up a bit.
First thing that came to my mind was a Selbstlader. But a whole lot of differences when you get to the details. What a cool find though, really interesting.
Maybe do some kind of chemical/radiological analysis on the steel and the wood buttstock. They might be able to determine when the steel was smelted, where the tree for the buttstock wood grew etc and narrow down where it was made.
While rather terrifying given that giant metal block flapping up and down while firing, one thing this "toggle" locked rifle seems to have as an advantage is a simplified geometry vs the jointed toggle of the Maxim or Luger. It seems it would be cheaper and easier to manufacture given the absence of the precisely matched toggle surfaces.
I love this - thank you Jonathan for all your work. What a cool thing, big toggle action essentially, I can see why this never caught on. What a beautiful mystery though! Unknown - Unknown hah! Next time I'm in the UK I am definitely going to the Royal Armouries, can't believe I hadn't yet.
One thing i noticed: It has grub and hex screws. From this point, i would date it roughly around 1920ish If i follow this thought... Automotive Industry? They had the material, machines and these typical screws. Follow that path further... Allan Safety Screws were highly promoted in Canada. My wild guess: Some engineer of a automotive plant who had fought in WWI had some free time and constructed this one to hunt Bears and moose.
375 belted was a dead cartridge a decade before 1920, and it was unpopular before that. So I highly doubt it was built that late. Screws are replaceable, and the design may have been tinkered with for 20 years, but 1920 is a little late for the initial build
Three minutes into the video, and I can already tell that Jonathan is in good humours today. The "Thanks for watching" joke is more or less done to death, but you still made it work. Then a very subtle Monty Python reference... I'm almost afraid to keep watching.
Given that real weapons parts/designs were used, I can absolutely see this design being converted into a Star Wars universe rifle. Large chunky parts with hard angles and small curves and also the exposed return spring all add to the "star wars esthetic". Really interesting design nonetheless.
Ask C&Rsenal those guys are VERRY good at turn of century guns , firing mechanism etc. They have a whole series on WWI firearms and the history behind them, it would be and excellent place to start in my opinion.
Great content, I'm surprised none of the major fiarearms companies haven't contacted you after this video to say that they have prototypes like this on file to help trace its lineage.
I think that the elongated trigger guard is actually a significant feature. The elongated trigger would allow the soldiers to shoot the rifle in cold climates while wearing gloves
an interesting bit of investigation into a semi-finished prototype. I imagine the amount of machine work would narrow down where something like that could have been made during the period. I wonder if the metal composition could give more insight into what region might have made the components.
The covered toggle action elongates the lever and thus the mechanical advantage to open the gun breach by having a much longer lever. As a result, it might have been a way to solve the problem of the gun being overly hard to operate with a toggle action that does not have this lever. It appeared that you managed to somewhat easily operate the gun from the intended lever end, but it would be much harder to operate at half-length, where the toggle link is located.
It's reminds me of a stretched Mauser broom handle with the try to cancel the back sliding bolt in to a up flipping bolt group maybe the inspiration of this prototype.
It may have already been stated, but the trigger guard looks as if it’s catered for shooting with winter gloves. Thank you for an interesting look at this strange firearm.
This thing reminds me so hard of a scaled up Luger pistol. It almost looks like someone saw a Luger and then thought, maybe we could make a rifle with a similar action.
Hey Jonathan, ever since you did the Isonzo react video on the Gamespot channel where you reviewed the Beretta M1915, I've been wondering if it's the earliest form of bolt hold open system, or there was another existing example before it. Internet searches haven't been helpful to me, so I've been wanting to know what could be the earliest known form of bolt hold open system on a self loading firearm, because I feel it's a feature that a lot of us nowadays take for granted. Thanks Jonathan!
Great question, possibly prompted by my struggles to keep this one open :D The earliest self-loading firearm that comes to mind is the Mauser C96, but the M93 Mauser bolt-action had a hold-open follower. Since the Borchardt C93 doesn't have one I'd say this is most likely 'ground zero' for the hold-open device. But there could be something earlier. edit - there was - the 1884 Maxim rifle, although I don't believe it was ever built, only a patent.
That cartridge was Holland & Holland's initial foray into .375 rimless rounds if I'm remembering correctly, and after Ze Germans introduced the 9.3x62mm and spanked H&H in the market, the latter developed the now-classic .375 H&H Magnum to compete with that. I'm not sure how long the .400/.375 stuck around after that, but given how unpopular it proved compared to its later brother, I can't imagine it was rolling around all that long. Then again, perhaps it was a limitation of the mechanical system of the rifle and it couldn't be made to work with the more potent .375 Magnum, but otherwise I'd guess it helps to date the rifle to the first couple decades of the 20th century rather than into the late 30s.
Hmm, possibly, it would certainly make sense in context/period as you say. However it's even darker in colour compared to LV items that I've seen, which admittedly is 90% online images. We have a few very dark oak stocks so I was veering toward that but decided not to speculate.
I love a mystery. They say go with your first guess. That is Finland oddly enough. The finger holes big enough for gloves caught my eye first. That's something they tended to do. The action seems a bit like a luger from neighboring Germany, a likely place they would they get ideas? I'd love to see a metalugical study as one comment suggested to solve this, followed by a prize to the closest commenter.
You think 13 years is "many, many"? I had two careers that were longer than that and I _still_ retired early. I would come out of retirement and come to England to apprentice under you though Jonathan.
I like the idea this was just a one off idea by some random gunmaker that just ended up in Johnathan's hands a century after the fact. Like they never really intended it to be anything more than a fun project they worked on in their spare time.
I used to own a 12 ga Winchester model 1911. The only other firearm I am familiar with that moved the barrel like that. (This was how you charged / cocked it btw). They called it the "widow maker" because users would charge it with the buttstock on the ground which caused obvious safety issues. Very interesting. Great Vid.
Long recoil actions were very common with early autoloaders. The Remington model 8 and 81 rifles and the Browning Auto 5 come to mind right off the bat, and a huge portion of early machine guns were long recoil actions with reciprocating barrels. Modern arms avoid it because it gives a weird recoil impulse leading to slow follow up shots. The danger involved with the Winchester 1911s was greatly exaggerated, if you use basic common sense it poses no more risk than any other gun. Even if you place the butt stock on the ground to charge it, point it in a safe direction while doing so and you face zero risk of injury. Pellets can't hit you if you aren't in front of the muzzle. Lean it away slightly and you are safe. The Winchester was actually a poorly done knockoff of the Browning Auto 5. The reason you are forced to charge the gun with the barrel is due to a Browning patent, he owns the charging handle patent.
i love when people find stuff like with absolutely zero explanation to where it came from. theres a motorcycle called the Traub cycle that was found behind a false wall in chicago, design was years ahead of its time and it was so well made it still runs today. the fun part is no one knows who made it or why. its at a museum called wheels through time in North Carolina in the USA
Thank you for making this video. Very thorough presentation. One thing that immediately caught my attention was "that's not a Monte Carlo", but when I looked at the comments I saw that you had already pinned Jonathan's comment at the top. Good job! This is definitely a prototype rifle. The size, weight, unfinished metal and stock, unfinished express sights, lack of a buttplate all scream "prototype". The cartridge is going to narrow things down to the 1905 to 1910 area. Since the 400/375 was H&H's short-lived attempt to compete with Germany's 9.5x57, my inclination is that it is an H&H prototype, but that's not a firm thought - could have been an H&H employee. The battering of the metal doesn't surprise me. As a prototype, proof of concept would have occurred before going to the trouble of heat treating wear points and lightening the action where possible. The walls of the mag well show that this rifle was a very early working prototype because even the walls of the mag well are overly thick and heavy. All in all, a very interesting rifle. Thank you for presenting it.
It has to be. The stuff on the rifle looks professionally done. And if it really was test fired, the person who made it might have had access to proper equipment for that.
I'm not so sure about this because perspectives can be thrown off by camera angles, but the cartridge size indicated for this rifle doesn't look like a match for magazine slot. To put it simply the cartridge looks like it would be longer than the entry slot where the cartridge would attach once the slug is in place.
Whilst not adding to an argument or possibly even helping, Tom Sharpe in his book “Riotous Assembly” did mention a magazine fed rifle for shooting dangerous game…
So, the consensus seems to be that it is a rifle for hunting something big (large calibre) and dangerous (fast reload) that moves in packs (many shots). Velociraptors?
The oversized trigger guard was a thought of someone using gloves and needing more room than a standard trigger guard would provide just to guess though
As a really, really stupid question. How hard would it be to Re-Make this rifle, and chamber it in some round that's easy to get a hold of that's similar, and test/play with it so you can work out what it could be used for? Then work backwards from its functions as to why it could have been made?
Really, really hard. We don't even know this design works right, and scaling guns up or down for different cartridges is usually a big enough problem in and of itself, without having to work with a possibly already flawed design
@@Mach1048 it's actually a very creative idea; have you heard of airsoft? Essentially accurate model firearms that shoot a round plastic bb with compressed air, co2 or propane; the actual airsoft actions are very simple, and can be shoehorned into almost any shape; especially with 3d printing, you could print a 100% dimensionally correct plastic model of a gun and stuff an airsoft action inside of it; It would allow the kind of testing you mentioned very inexpensively and extremely quickly compared to doing a sub caliber conversion for a firearm
I've always been a fan of the idea, know what you know, and if you don't know, ask. I was thinking of this as an Engineering problem, the thing exists, so you can reverse engineer it. And then work from there?
![Jack Harlow - Hello Miss Johnson [Official Music Video]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Q86_nlRoIGw/mqdefault.jpg)
Edit - correction, this is NOT a "Monte Carlo" stock, it just has a cheekpiece. The Monte Carlo comb sits proud of the butt itself, so has a step down near the buttplate.
My friend Danny at the Cody Firearms Museum has pointed out something I missed, which is that the bolt arrangement is eerily similar to the George W. Morse patent 15995 of 1856. A possible inspiration, in which case the story COULD go Morse-This Thing-Jovanovich.
If it is indeed a variation of the Morse design, the developer of this gun was a proper patent nerd. To dig up an obscure half-a-century-old patent before Internet or even well-maintained patent databases would be a fit. Even the use of Curtis-pattern gas operation by Browning in his M1895 only goes to the late 1860s design, and it was dug up by a team of patent hounds on a payroll of a large corporation involved in a greatly damaging lawsuit.
🙋🏻♂️
they also had a laser blaster variant from 15995
@@kalui96 sadly, it didn’t look enough Star Wars blaster like so it was canceled
@@PaleoWithFries hold my tea. this with a few bolt on things would be amazingly star wars. a barrel length, single diameter tube (the old mid/late 1800s style], long eye relief "scope" (just needs to be tube with plastic or glass slide from microscope on each end] mounted on those sight bases and a low profile blocky magazine in the magazine well and some heat radiating ribbed pipe part that is cut with lightening holes on the recoil spring as a handguard. also some greebles on the top of toggle lock with a valve from scuba tank or other pressurized gas/liquid system on the hole in back of slide.
It's weird, overly complex, chambered for a very short lived cartridge... Makes my German heart spark with joy.
Fritz, we can design this to work with three screws,……ya ya but if we design it with seven it will be better.
@@noonehere1793 "3 Philips, 3 Torx ... what will we use for the remaining one? Robertson?"
Did we already have full auto?
*Hands over electric tool*
Spax tight that shit.
@@peterstadlmaier3107 Five point star (just like Apple phones)…
Three point tamper proof would be another option.
Lads, this is the most German discussion I have read in years. I love it.
I love these oddball dead end designs. Thanks for sharing this one.
With regards to not disassembling the guns to frequently, had the armory considered getting a good 3D scanner so that when one is taken apart accurate scans can be taken along with photos? It would be great from a research accessibility standpoint but also to allow recreation of various parts or entire guns.
Honestly one of the larger game studios they work with should donate one. Makes sense as a workflow even without the whole preservation angle.
Frankly they should just disassemble them. They're being overly paranoid about breaking things that are made of solid steel.
@@aniquinstark4347 I'm guessing you've not had much first hand experience with the various failure states of metal, then?
Fatigue, stresses, peening, corrosion - all of these things come into play, even in a carefully curated environment such as a museum. Doubly so with these prototype designs that (as was noted) haven't even been properly hardened in development.
This doesn't even account for things like alloy qualities - inclusions and minor variances in the alloy itself can cause huge weakness issues that take a while to show up, but are catastrophic.
@@aniquinstark4347 "I know more about how steel breaks than the museum that specializes in dealing with precisely this sort of thing all the time."
@@aniquinstark4347 you haven't taken a single class on material properties in your entire life, and it shows.
It's worth noting that the performance of the cartridge was deliberately made significantly lower than what was theoretically possible because it was a British cartridge for big game in Africa loaded using cordite powder which was exceptionally sensitive to heat.
Generally a maximum pressure of 47k psi was allowed with cordite to give enough safety factor, but with newer flake or ball powders which don't see such drastic increases in burn speed (and thus pressure) the maximum would be up around 62k.
So it wasn't exactly a slouch, despite being over a hundred years old it was right up at the limits of what would be allowed even today when using a brass case (which is 65k after safety factor).
Thank you - this is the kind of detail that I'm out of my depth on when it comes to hunting rifles.
I have also heard that chamber pressures on big game rifles were intentionally on the low side to facilitate extraction, which certainly seems wise if you have emptied that big double rifle into a dangerous critter which is, by now, feeling sort of upset but not yet feeling real dead.
Feels like an episode of Forgotten Weapons. That's a compliment.
Ferguson and Gun Jesus are top tier. Both men that had their passion and pursuit for knowledge spill over into a career they can share with the rest of us.
Forgotten weapons sucks. Dude gets all his info from Wikipedia he is a fake expert just like this guy
Jonathon has more cool guns these days, Ian must be gettin' scared.
Only unlike on forgotten weapons this one was actually forgotten
@@edgarburlyman738 I hope they don’t worry too much about one another, because they’re both building the hobby and interest. The real enemy here is obscurity and they’re both fighting that, to everyone’s benefit
The barrel seems to be the key to identifying the provenance of this mystery rifle. It looks like an unfinished production part mated to an engineering shop prototype receiver and action.
My wild guess is that it was a prototype made in the H&H factory using that particular barrel and cartridge because they were available as surplus parts. It may have been an "off the books" project by some H&H employee who knew of the Pedersen-based designs of self-loading rifles and wondered if he could make a self-loading rifle using the firm's facilities and no-one would notice if a spare barrel for their unpopular 0.375 Nitro Express rifle went missing.
If you can track down any existing 0.375" Nitro Express rifles in collections or period literature and cross-compare the barrel shape and sight block layout that might give you another line of enquiry.
Might I suggest looking for a proofing mark as it would at least give you a national origin!
@World Traveler Jonathan did mention the rifle is totally unmarked, which would mean that if the barrel was taken from an existing stock, it would have been done *before* proofing, which may be the case since it also lacks the finish machining for the sights, so it may have been a rejected barrel the designer either took from the scrap pile or was given as it was junk to them anyway
My thoughts too and likely why it ended up in the museum after not impressing the bosses haha.
@@worldtraveler930 - Proofing only occurs when you have a completed firearm that you are ready to sell. This is definitely a prototype which means proofing is still in the distant future.
Exactly what I was thinking.
Brilliant. The ingenuity of gun designers and builders is second to none. It starts with an idea 100% of the time based on something else. Guns shaped society, both good and bad. It needs to be understood not feared.
Jon... Ian would LOVE this thing...
A general comment here. Have you thought of using x-ray florescence as a NDT method of cataloging firearm metallurgy? I was using this method last summer at work and found it very revealing. Especially as it regards to "purity" of composition of metals. For instance using the Star-Trek like pistol and shooting a piece of "pewter" showed expected lead, antimony, and zinc. But it also revealed uranium, mercury, silver and gold content. With enough data one would be able to determine what furnace made what, if a particular manufacturer had a material specification, etc. Perhaps the rifle here may have steel(s) from an Italian, Czech or German plant. Just a thought.
Sounds like a great theory just one issue I would think metal tends to travel and move around and be bought ,stolen and everything in between so while yes u may be able to find exactly where it came from I don’t think u would be able to trace every bit as there would be no way to test purity n stuff on the recovering end they would just have to take their word . I hope what I’m saying makes sense
I've heard that a common concern among big game hunters was the risk of being charged by an animal they'd wounded. Hence why some big game rifles have two barrels, and also the original development of 'howdah pistols'. This might have been intended as a way to allow hunters to take quick follow-up shots at charging animals.
That is a reasonable assumption, at least with European boars it is a significant risk.
In parts of the British Empire that restricted what caliber weapons could be used to hunt certain game, .375" was the minimum specified for shooting elephants. Also, I was seeing 'Express' style folding leaf sights still being fitted to brand new rifles into the mid-1970's from companies like Steyr (Mannlicher) and FN Browning
'50s was a bit finger-in-the-air but the colleague that I asked was thinking in terms of when it was popular, I think.
About 25 years ago I was in a gun shop in Shrewsbury when I was shown a double rifle owned by a local landed gentleman. A sidelock action gun made by Sauer in Austria. You may presume it would be chambered in a European calibre but this was in H&H •375. Allegedly the owner's father had used it in East Africa to shoot a right and left at two charging rhinoceroses back in the 1930s. However, knowing about the hyperbole that some people are capable of I did take a deep breath and a large pinch of salt.
@@philhawley1219 did I say rhino? Nah mate it was a pair of whinos 🍷
Very cool! This may be Jonathan's best video yet - he's so very clearly really into the mystery of this thing. Entertaining and educational, an excellent use of my time. Thank you all!
You and Ian should have done a collab on this one. The knowledge you both have would surely be amazing to hear.
I only discovered this channel about a month ago. I've got to say that the content is excellent and this video is a great reminder of just how many unusual designs there must have been to get us to the tried and true mechanisms we know and rely on today. Simply brilliant.
You know, based on the cartridge, this might have been a first attempt at a semiautomatic big game stopping rifle. The .375" diameter projectile been a popular choice for african big game hunting, and maybe the inventor was looking to break into that market. It's definitely a curious piece!
My thoughts were in the geographic opposite direction. Northern big game hunting. particularly bears or moose. Consider the large trigger guard opening for a gloved hand and the heavy spring arrangement to close into battery against frost debris in the fall or winter.
My mind also immediately went to Africa. If anybody can research Dutch patents, that might well be helpful, but given the “Wild West” attitude of firearm’s development back then it might have been a commissioned project from some gentry that wanted to show up somebody on safari
@@pavementsailor Also noticed the size of the guard, Semi-Auto, big game round 🤔 possibly for Daier Lemmings
The very roomy trigger-guard could be for use with heavy gloves similar to the FAMAS
It always amazes me just how nicely machined and complete many prototype guns are and how nicely finished the metal and wood is in an almost production like way even way back then
Jonathan Ferguson and Ian McCollum are the best source of firearm related facts and interesting concepts
Tfbtv guy has been getting some very interesting videos done on his travels lately. Check it out. Stuff these guys could never get their hands on, because they're prototypes in the manufacturer's reference vaults.
yes I agree !!
A quite fearsome recoil with all those large lumps of metal hammering around - also a great finger dicer if you let go of the wrong bit at the wrong time.
It uses the mass of the barrel and all to alleviate recoil. It would be a long, slow push rather than a sharp punch.
@@BlackSoap361 To me, that's somewhat worse, if things are slowed down enough that the giant flappy bit falls into your eye's ability to detect motion. You might not consciously notice the big hunk of metal flying at your forehead every shot, but your twitchy lizard brain might. That'll greatly amplify the general unpleasantness of the firearm, even if by the numbers it seems fine.
@@TheRealColBosch In operation the toggle would cycle so quickly and you are so far back from it that it would be a non-factor for the most part. But yeah, it is a "suboptimal" design.
@@obsidianjane4413 Wasn't the Pedersen rifle observed to be more pleasant to shoot than the Garand?
My understanding is Garand's rifle won out because it was cheaper and easier to produce and less finicky about maintenance. And it didn't require lubricated ammo, which was considered to be a supply chain issue.
If a weapon proposed for military service requires lubricated ammunition, that is sufficient reason for summary rejection.
No ifs, no buts.
I was going to say it reminds me of the luger rifle or the Mauser self loader both of which had toggle or flap lock mechanisms, funny that at the turn of the century a lot of people thought that those types of actions were going to be the future
Hands down that was the best intro to a video I have ever seen. You win the internet
Interesting artifact, Jonathan!! I wonder if Holland & Holland *THEMSELVES* may have had a hand in this? Thanks for the video!
It's possible.
Kind of like how Remington had their .30 Rem AR cartridge a while back ago.
Thanks Jonathan and team - really interesting.
Thanks for showing the patent drawings but I'm not 100% convinced that they exactly fit this action, as you noted in the video.
But patents are a great resource. In retrospect, we are really lucky that the point and purpose of item XIX.852 is covered by a US Patent that is now accessible online. It gives some clue as to what its mad inventors and their sponsors were up to at the time.
Thanks Jonathan. I know virtually nothing about the working of firearms , more into the historical context. But find this video fascinating
Okay...as a "hobby loveing gun nerd" this is really cool. Thank you for sharing this with us.
Thanks for sharing Jonathan 👍
Absolutely wild design, thank you so much for sharing it.
The locking flap reminds me of the Browning gas operated pistol of 1897. Recoil actuated instead of gas, of course, by the large over the top flap with the internal toggle.
Hello Jon! Hope your doing good! Learned so much about old weapons from you!
I am well thank you - glad you're enjoying the videos :)
John and Ian doing great things!
love the humor you bring Jonathan
10:45 this is a really interesting argument on what type of firing system this technically is. A striker is a single piece with the firing pin, where a linear hammer is separate from the firing pin. However, as far as I am aware, no other toggle lock firearm had the cocking/firing mechanism inside the toggle arm like this one. You could say conventionally it is more similar to a linear hammer, or you could argue it has it's own category. Regardless, it's just semantics about what to call the parts of the gun that make it go pew pew pew.
Sir, that is a very interesting rifle. When I first started, watching it reminded me of a few different obscure rifles. The Peterson rifle was one of the first to come to mind, and a J. M. B. from early 1900s. Thanks for sharing this with everyone.
I know my comments added nothing of relevance to this, but to fuel U-tube tracking.
I have seen a virtually identical one in Australia. It was own by a professional SriLanken Tiger and leopard hunter. Unfortunately when semi auto
rifles were banned his surviving wife handed in in and it was destroyed.
And an important, irreplaceable piece of firearms history was lost forever because of petty, power crazed "rulers".......
He must have bought it personally with his own money.
Obviously, Sri Lanka didn't have much of a firearms industry back then.
Wait what?! Tell us more, or at least try to draw it. If it's close enough, it might give us a better idea of what it is. If it's dissimilar, we can see which gun that guy actually used, which would also be interesting. I don't want to imply thay you're lying, but I can see how this could be confused with other, just slightly more common, early selfloading rifles. Could also give info about stuff like the front handguard, magazine et cetera.
Man you have the best job ever. I would probably be fired because I'd be looking at all the weapons and forget to actually work.
FASCINATING piece!
Fantastic work as ever Jonathan 👏
It is interesting the Standard Arms also is known for battering issues if the buffer is ignored.
Looks as if it would make an excellent military rifle.
Reliable action, minimal open spots for dirt and debris, and a large trigger guard for operating with gloves in cold weather.
As an inventor myself I can say I’ve done a few iterations of a design before paying the money for a patent. It’s kinda expensive and time consuming to file for a patent. You want to make sure that your idea works before you go through the process. And of course your going to play with it and show your friends. So it’s going to be beat up a bit.
Brilliant intro, Jonathan- you had my roaring with laughter within 20 seconds of the video starting 🤣
I was quite pleased with that ad-lib. If you listen closely you can hear some crew laughter :)
"You see, when a spring loaded mouse trap and a self loading rifle get really, _really_ drunk one night in a motel..."
First thing that came to my mind was a Selbstlader. But a whole lot of differences when you get to the details. What a cool find though, really interesting.
LOVED this video, JF! Obviously you can’t always have mysteries but this one was fascinating 🥰
great looking action, would cut recoil well, we could make the frame in aluminum now to get most of the weight out of it. 😊
Maybe do some kind of chemical/radiological analysis on the steel and the wood buttstock. They might be able to determine when the steel was smelted, where the tree for the buttstock wood grew etc and narrow down where it was made.
I wish that we would see more toggle lock firearms today. This is very cool.
“what is this weapon? no seriously, i’m actually asking you…”
While rather terrifying given that giant metal block flapping up and down while firing, one thing this "toggle" locked rifle seems to have as an advantage is a simplified geometry vs the jointed toggle of the Maxim or Luger. It seems it would be cheaper and easier to manufacture given the absence of the precisely matched toggle surfaces.
I love this - thank you Jonathan for all your work. What a cool thing, big toggle action essentially, I can see why this never caught on. What a beautiful mystery though! Unknown - Unknown hah! Next time I'm in the UK I am definitely going to the Royal Armouries, can't believe I hadn't yet.
One thing i noticed: It has grub and hex screws. From this point, i would date it roughly around 1920ish
If i follow this thought... Automotive Industry? They had the material, machines and these typical screws.
Follow that path further... Allan Safety Screws were highly promoted in Canada.
My wild guess: Some engineer of a automotive plant who had fought in WWI had some free time and constructed this one to hunt Bears and moose.
I wonder what type of threads are on the screws. Depending on the type, it might narrow down the possible origin of the firearm.
@@edwardmelvin9184 I'm surprised that there was no discussion of this during the video. Excellent point!
Didn't Jonathan mention a Serbian inventor, who moved to Canada?
375 belted was a dead cartridge a decade before 1920, and it was unpopular before that. So I highly doubt it was built that late. Screws are replaceable, and the design may have been tinkered with for 20 years, but 1920 is a little late for the initial build
That kind of front sight base is still common on high end hunting rifles. Often Mauser based rifles made by Rigby, h&h, and loads of custom makers.
Furrer wouldn't be happy someone's stepping on his toggle lock toes.
I think it looks really good, and the trigger guard would be great for gloves. It's too bad it's heavy
Gloves - a good point!
Reminds me of those guns used to knock down ice ledges around glaciers and ski slopes.
Three minutes into the video, and I can already tell that Jonathan is in good humours today.
The "Thanks for watching" joke is more or less done to death, but you still made it work. Then a very subtle Monty Python reference... I'm almost afraid to keep watching.
Given that real weapons parts/designs were used, I can absolutely see this design being converted into a Star Wars universe rifle. Large chunky parts with hard angles and small curves and also the exposed return spring all add to the "star wars esthetic". Really interesting design nonetheless.
Ask C&Rsenal those guys are VERRY good at turn of century guns , firing mechanism etc. They have a whole series on WWI firearms and the history behind them, it would be and excellent place to start in my opinion.
Great content, I'm surprised none of the major fiarearms companies haven't contacted you after this video to say that they have prototypes like this on file to help trace its lineage.
That toggle is an appropriate chance to describe it as "a big wacking piece of metal".
A real hat lifter.
Love this episode 😂
Awww 🤗 looks like a BAR and a mauser c96 had a big fat baby
I think that the elongated trigger guard is actually a significant feature. The elongated trigger would allow the soldiers to shoot the rifle in cold climates while wearing gloves
This gun isn't for soldiers though. There's just no chance that any army wanted a rifle chambered in 400/375 H&H nitro belt.
an interesting bit of investigation into a semi-finished prototype. I imagine the amount of machine work would narrow down where something like that could have been made during the period. I wonder if the metal composition could give more insight into what region might have made the components.
The covered toggle action elongates the lever and thus the mechanical advantage to open the gun breach by having a much longer lever. As a result, it might have been a way to solve the problem of the gun being overly hard to operate with a toggle action that does not have this lever. It appeared that you managed to somewhat easily operate the gun from the intended lever end, but it would be much harder to operate at half-length, where the toggle link is located.
It's a short-recoil action as well. Which were pretty popular designs before the M1 Garand was developed.
It's reminds me of a stretched Mauser broom handle with the try to cancel the back sliding bolt in to a up flipping bolt group maybe the inspiration of this prototype.
This is most weird toggle lock mechanism on that gun that i ever seen.
Yea
I enjoyed reading the comments more then the video.
The large trigger guard could be provision for winter gloves.
It's like an elongated Thompson in appearance of the receiver to me.
It may have already been stated, but the trigger guard looks as if it’s catered for shooting with winter gloves. Thank you for an interesting look at this strange firearm.
I wonder when Jonathan will cover Darne machine gun because I can't find any information about it. Hope to see it soon.
that was nice 15 second episode
Interesting mechanics on this one. I wonder how it would perform when fired.
This thing reminds me so hard of a scaled up Luger pistol. It almost looks like someone saw a Luger and then thought, maybe we could make a rifle with a similar action.
Hey Jonathan, ever since you did the Isonzo react video on the Gamespot channel where you reviewed the Beretta M1915, I've been wondering if it's the earliest form of bolt hold open system, or there was another existing example before it.
Internet searches haven't been helpful to me, so I've been wanting to know what could be the earliest known form of bolt hold open system on a self loading firearm, because I feel it's a feature that a lot of us nowadays take for granted. Thanks Jonathan!
Great question, possibly prompted by my struggles to keep this one open :D The earliest self-loading firearm that comes to mind is the Mauser C96, but the M93 Mauser bolt-action had a hold-open follower. Since the Borchardt C93 doesn't have one I'd say this is most likely 'ground zero' for the hold-open device. But there could be something earlier. edit - there was - the 1884 Maxim rifle, although I don't believe it was ever built, only a patent.
I wasn't ready for the introduction but it would have still been a great video as they always are
That cartridge was Holland & Holland's initial foray into .375 rimless rounds if I'm remembering correctly, and after Ze Germans introduced the 9.3x62mm and spanked H&H in the market, the latter developed the now-classic .375 H&H Magnum to compete with that. I'm not sure how long the .400/.375 stuck around after that, but given how unpopular it proved compared to its later brother, I can't imagine it was rolling around all that long. Then again, perhaps it was a limitation of the mechanical system of the rifle and it couldn't be made to work with the more potent .375 Magnum, but otherwise I'd guess it helps to date the rifle to the first couple decades of the 20th century rather than into the late 30s.
I suspect the stock is lignum vitae. It was a very common industrial material at the turn of the century.
Hmm, possibly, it would certainly make sense in context/period as you say. However it's even darker in colour compared to LV items that I've seen, which admittedly is 90% online images. We have a few very dark oak stocks so I was veering toward that but decided not to speculate.
I love a mystery. They say go with your first guess. That is Finland oddly enough. The finger holes big enough for gloves caught my eye first. That's something they tended to do. The action seems a bit like a luger from neighboring Germany, a likely place they would they get ideas? I'd love to see a metalugical study as one comment suggested to solve this, followed by a prize to the closest commenter.
You think 13 years is "many, many"? I had two careers that were longer than that and I _still_ retired early. I would come out of retirement and come to England to apprentice under you though Jonathan.
Call it a midlife crisis but it seems like a while - loving every moment though. Well, almost every moment :)
It looks like it would have had one hell of a kick to it. Thank you.
I was four years old when you started there sir.
I like the idea this was just a one off idea by some random gunmaker that just ended up in Johnathan's hands a century after the fact. Like they never really intended it to be anything more than a fun project they worked on in their spare time.
Wow! Extremely interesting!!
I used to own a 12 ga Winchester model 1911. The only other firearm I am familiar with that moved the barrel like that. (This was how you charged / cocked it btw). They called it the "widow maker" because users would charge it with the buttstock on the ground which caused obvious safety issues. Very interesting. Great Vid.
I also owned a "widow maker" It shot well but got ditched because of the greater risk it posed.
Long recoil actions were very common with early autoloaders. The Remington model 8 and 81 rifles and the Browning Auto 5 come to mind right off the bat, and a huge portion of early machine guns were long recoil actions with reciprocating barrels. Modern arms avoid it because it gives a weird recoil impulse leading to slow follow up shots.
The danger involved with the Winchester 1911s was greatly exaggerated, if you use basic common sense it poses no more risk than any other gun. Even if you place the butt stock on the ground to charge it, point it in a safe direction while doing so and you face zero risk of injury. Pellets can't hit you if you aren't in front of the muzzle. Lean it away slightly and you are safe.
The Winchester was actually a poorly done knockoff of the Browning Auto 5. The reason you are forced to charge the gun with the barrel is due to a Browning patent, he owns the charging handle patent.
i love when people find stuff like with absolutely zero explanation to where it came from. theres a motorcycle called the Traub cycle that was found behind a false wall in chicago, design was years ahead of its time and it was so well made it still runs today. the fun part is no one knows who made it or why. its at a museum called wheels through time in North Carolina in the USA
Showed this to my dad and he almost immediately said it was a Remington. Sold during the early 1900's, he also said they weren't very good. :(
Thank you for making this video. Very thorough presentation. One thing that immediately caught my attention was "that's not a Monte Carlo", but when I looked at the comments I saw that you had already pinned Jonathan's comment at the top. Good job!
This is definitely a prototype rifle. The size, weight, unfinished metal and stock, unfinished express sights, lack of a buttplate all scream "prototype". The cartridge is going to narrow things down to the 1905 to 1910 area. Since the 400/375 was H&H's short-lived attempt to compete with Germany's 9.5x57, my inclination is that it is an H&H prototype, but that's not a firm thought - could have been an H&H employee. The battering of the metal doesn't surprise me. As a prototype, proof of concept would have occurred before going to the trouble of heat treating wear points and lightening the action where possible. The walls of the mag well show that this rifle was a very early working prototype because even the walls of the mag well are overly thick and heavy.
All in all, a very interesting rifle. Thank you for presenting it.
It has to be. The stuff on the rifle looks professionally done.
And if it really was test fired, the person who made it might have had access to proper equipment for that.
My in laws got me tickets to come on the 11th as a birthday present I can’t bloody wait!
Is there any website that has some information about this gun? I kind of want to know more about it.
I'm not so sure about this because perspectives can be thrown off by camera angles, but the cartridge size indicated for this rifle doesn't look like a match for magazine slot. To put it simply the cartridge looks like it would be longer than the entry slot where the cartridge would attach once the slug is in place.
Will you be recording the live episode for putting up on the channel?
We will!
@@jonathanferguson1211 That'll be fun :)
Whilst not adding to an argument or possibly even helping, Tom Sharpe in his book “Riotous Assembly” did mention a magazine fed rifle for shooting dangerous game…
So, the consensus seems to be that it is a rifle for hunting something big (large calibre) and dangerous (fast reload) that moves in packs (many shots). Velociraptors?
Xenomorphs.
Do a chamber cast knowing the caliber may narrow down the manufacturer, just a thought from a yank in Phoenix Arizona.
The oversized trigger guard was a thought of someone using gloves and needing more room than a standard trigger guard would provide just to guess though
As a really, really stupid question. How hard would it be to Re-Make this rifle, and chamber it in some round that's easy to get a hold of that's similar, and test/play with it so you can work out what it could be used for? Then work backwards from its functions as to why it could have been made?
Really, really hard. We don't even know this design works right, and scaling guns up or down for different cartridges is usually a big enough problem in and of itself, without having to work with a possibly already flawed design
Ah. So yeah. Stupid question. Thanks for the response.
@@Mach1048 only stupid question is the one you don't ask
@@Mach1048 it's actually a very creative idea; have you heard of airsoft? Essentially accurate model firearms that shoot a round plastic bb with compressed air, co2 or propane; the actual airsoft actions are very simple, and can be shoehorned into almost any shape; especially with 3d printing, you could print a 100% dimensionally correct plastic model of a gun and stuff an airsoft action inside of it; It would allow the kind of testing you mentioned very inexpensively and extremely quickly compared to doing a sub caliber conversion for a firearm
I've always been a fan of the idea, know what you know, and if you don't know, ask.
I was thinking of this as an Engineering problem, the thing exists, so you can reverse engineer it. And then work from there?
Can run some tests to date the stock and maybe find a place of origin for it?
A flapper lock in a toggle action? How intriguing!
I love you, Jonathan.