Linate Airport Disaster - DISASTER BREAKDOWN
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- Опубликовано: 25 мар 2022
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The city of Milan, is one of the largest cities in Italy. Nestled away in the North of the country, Milan is served by two primary airports which bare the city’s name. The larger Malpensa airport, and the smaller airport located closer to the city itself, Linate. On October 8th, 2001, this airport would become the scene of a devastating accident which claimed the lives of 118 people. This video is about that accident. It’s a tale of how two planes collided on the runway at this airport. It involves many aspects like many disasters. From the weather to the actions of those involved to the actual airport itself, there is a lot to go over as we discuss the Linate Airport Disaster.
Sources:
www.havkom.se/assets/reports/...
usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/...
www.reuters.com/article/italy...
www.aviation-accidents.net/sa...
If you found this video to be interesting, be sure to subscribe as there is a new video every Saturday. This video also went out to my Patrons on Patreon 48 hours before going out publicly. Consider joining here from £1 per month: www.patreon.com/DisasterBreakdown
You said the citation called at 7:58 for start up clearance and Was told the take off slot time is 6:19, that seems odd,
A couple things:
3 of the 4 people in the Cessna survived at first. They died waiting for help, as people saw the plane that exploded first and went there. Likewise, there's a chance some of the DC87 survived - if I knew I was going down, I'd have something soft over my head to protect me the best I could from being knocked out. (It worked in a 1970s crash for a man where the rest of his section died.) So I wonder how many were unconscious and woke up dying.
They incorrectly named the short runway. Since 2001, they repaved in 2019 and I'm guessing someone assumed "let me check that the compass reading from 1930 matches the 2019 one." It didn't. The short runway isn't true north and south (360/180 on an airline compass, so 36/18). It's actually 350/170 and is now 35/17.
The radar was approved to be replaced in 1995. It was then decommissioned due to age in 1999. They had the new one partially installed but then didn't finish it. So they didn't even have access to a crippled system.
And they were known to say things like "You're cleared for the main runway." That makes no sense.
Finally, 35/17 is pretty useless. It's under 2000 feet. I need at least 1000ft to take off in a Cessna 152. The Cessna jet requires over 3,500 feet. But the airport was built in 1930 so I'm guessing it was a pretty popular strip back then.
Oh! And they had their capacity downgraded. They were allowed 32 planes an hour. Now it's 22 by law.
Sir can u pls do MH653 huge request
@@Cris-em9tn That quality of airport should be 2.2, VFR, Tiger Moths only. I`m sure it`s better now, but what a price to pay! Previous comment noted, obviously shit crash crews too - MAMA MIA!
Airport can be foggy? Let's remove radar, nothing bad can happen!
Fr!What can possibly can wrong?
This is basically Italy's Tenerife Airport Disaster, so much parallels from the 1977 tragedy.
The difference is that the SAS crew did nothing wrong. The worst air crashes are where a crew at fault is about to die and there is nothing they can do. I only hope the SAS crew wasn’t thinking “what did we do wrong?” when they saw that building approaching going 160mph but something tells me that crossed their mind.
I find it very strange that it is not mandatory to have ground radar at a busy airport. This accident shows how critical having ground radar is.
It’s capitalism. Companies decided to not pay for a radar system. When companies do everything for profit it leads to accidents and deaths. Making short term profits is always more important to companies than long term gains based on responsible decisions.
They did have a ground radar system at Linate. Sadly, it was, at the time of the disaster, packed in boxes in a warehouse and hadn't been installed. That's why the authorities managed to install it in record time after the accident, shame they couldn't be arsed to do it sooner.
Although not on the same scale of Tenerife, it's shocking how similar this incident is to that one.
Yes, that was what I was thinking too!
Yeah, Fog, pilot arrogance (KLM), poor ATC, rubbish airfield markers (PAN AM got lost) and Bean Counters - safety costs money, lack of either costs lives.
I've always nicknamed this accident "tenerife lite"
@@moosifer3321 pilot arrogance, how??
@@dontspikemydrink9382 you should watch the Tenerife video also posted by this channel for context
This was almost completely the airport's fault. Ground radar removed and not fixed for 2 years even though it clearly didn't take more than a few months to fix it when they did, weird airport design, poor naming, separate frequencies for 2 planes on the ground taxi-ing by the runway, ATC not even having correctly labeled maps of their own airport, visual identification being the only way in a
It's Italy.......things are bit chaotic there when it comes to litigation!
Gross negligence could fit, maybe, if it was an airport all ran by one person but each department is in charge of their own stuff. The airport was built in 1930 when a local strip couldn't handle commercial traffic. And they probably got lazy over the years, which is unexcusable but to be fair, until 2001 there wasn't a ton of standards that all countries followed. However yes, these issues all deserved a termination:
1. New radar was approved in 1995, and the old was decommissioned and removed in 1999. The airport is at fault, including whoever is in charge of the systems. They had already partly installed some of it and then just stopped.
2. Two channels may have been built not to both handle 36, but for west to handle departures off the much smaller 35. (See below for renaming.) That is definitely only a runway for turbos, and I'm guessing private pilots use it. I did check and 35 was too small for the Cessna (it's about 2,000ft while the jet needs at least 3,600ft). But yes, one single radio is necessary so pilots can hear each other.
3. The smaller runway was named wrong. They're named for the direction they face. 360 is true north, so the big runway is 36/18. But they resurfaced the asphalt in 2019 and I guess someone decided to check a compass but I saw it immediately in the video: 36L and 36R were not totally parallel. When rechecked, it was discovered the smaller runway faced 350 and 170, while the larger faced 360 and 180 (true N and S). So - 35/17 and 36/18 are the runways. Also explains why S4 wasn't on there, when they literally never checked even compass headings to compare 1930 to today.
4. Grounds should've taken care of the signs. But if it was just that R6 turned into S4, grounds mightve viewed it as nothing since all the controller just referred to the entire thing as R6. I also wonder what their budget was, when they couldn't replace signs and when radar was ignored for so long.
5. Apparently ATC was so undertrained that they even used terms like "main runway" instead of 36. So if you didn't know the airport, you'd be confused. It also leads me to believe that there was some sort of huge mass hiring or something where training was rushed because that is in no way excusable in any airspace.
Finally... the good news is that the limit by law was changed from 32 planes per hour to 22 allowed. And they seem to be back into caring as while they're only a domestic airport with likely small planes, they resurfaced everything in 2019.
Oh, and I hope the airport was sued and had to pay family, especially considering they let the survivors die. 3 of the 4 people in the Cessna survived but died due to not getting rapid care for injuries. It wasn't a fire that burned them but they probably bled out, especially considering the Cessna was noticed and cared for second if I remember other reports right.
Plus I bet you many of those in the DC87 didn't die on impact. The back passengers were all burned. They could've survived the initial crash (people had long enough to realize and I know of at least one crash survivor in another crash survived by covering his head and face with pillows and then his head with his leather coat for fire) and then burned when the tanks exploded. But what about the people in the middle? The ones who maybe didn't have as much blunt force trauma, could've been knocked out, and then died from smoke and fire?
I highly doubt these were all instant, especially as he got the Cessna wrong.
@@Cris-em9tn oh my God! This just gets and worse. Thanks for the additional, but tragic, information.
@@Cris-em9tn Blame the idiot Cessna pilots lmao, what idiots get that lost on the ground and also attempt to pilot their aircraft in conditions they're not licensed for?
I watched the Green Dot Aviation video about this crash, they actually had the ground radar hardware stored in a warehouse somewhere on the airport premises for ~7 years but never installed it.
When a video begins with "the airport did not have ground radar..." it's never good.
10:46 Both Citation pilots and one passenger survived the collision but were trapped and died of smoke inhalation. Had the rescue services arrived sooner then they most likely would have survived.
Another point to mention is that the Linate controllers used slang terms to describe taxiways and runways such as " The Main Taxiway", " The Main Apron", " The Main Runway" leading to great confusion to pilots who had never flown to Linate before.
Thanks for the extra information. Might see if I can trim the part about the citation occupants if its not exactly right. Thanks
I had a weird thought...
What if taxiways were all identified by colors, and were marked with big painted stripes of that color down the middle of each taxiway?
And then reserve *number designations only for runways.*
That way, if someone is taxiing in the fog, and they see the wrong color stripe, they know they are lost.
If they see NO STRIPE, they're lost on a runway, and the tower can halt takeoffs until position is determined.
Edit: This is redundant with ground radar...but redundant layers of safety protocols aren't a bad idea.
Besides, stuff breaks.
That is absolutely unconscionable. I hope this never happens again, anywhere. I flew in and out of Malpensa many times. It literally means bad idea in Italian and Spanish.
@@sarahalbers5555
Malpensa? This is the town or the airport?
@@grmpEqweer It‘s the country.
the small things, minor issues and the like, really do matter when they can add up to a disaster like this. great video, as always!
My favourite time of the week is when Chloe’s back with another Disaster Breakdown video 🥰🥰
We're listening to _Chloe?_
Cool, I didn't know her(or their) name. Her (their) voice is very soothing.
@@grmpEqweer Chloe is absolutely amazing! Her researching skills make me jelly
@@AndoraAmore
I saw her announcement video. Such a nice young lady. ☺️💐
Thanks for watching!
Yep. And my cat is here for it too. Great research, new incidents, and narration. Thanks for this.
That’s terrible that they had to operate without ground radar in these conditions. RIP to all the victims
some people and managers act so extreme irresponsibly, that's shocking how they run an airport like this at all.
1. No ground radar
2. Taxiway that was not mapped
3. ATC that ignores pilots reporting a taxiway they shouldn't be at
4. Took them nearly half an hour to realise a major fatal incident happened
5. Took them a week to locate the black boxes
Italian airport and air crash investigation team deserve to be inducted to the Incompetency Hall of Fame
im sorry, but they had a system that warned them about things like this but they turned it off because od the risk of false alarms? i hear stuff like that all the time in these disaster videos and it always angrers me
This was one of THE BEST visualisations of this disaster! THANKYOU! This was the worst crash of an SAS plane of all times. And the pilots were cleared of any and all misdoings. The Linate Airport was to blame, and those Germans were not legally allowed to land at Linate in the first place.
Fantastic presentation with incredible attention to detail as always. I am sure most of us here would be thrilled if you were to expand your topics to other types of disasters historical and lesser known incidents!!was not expecting your shout out!!! :) your new patreon cheers from Salt Lake City
Just to clarify, the pilots of the Citation turned onto taxiway R6 due to faded taxiway markings at the intersection between R5 and R6.
This is common. I just watched a crash in Kentucky because of lack of markings on runways. Why in hell can’t airports afford a few buckets of paint. It’s ridiculous.
To the north might have been a useful cue. If their map was current enough to show Sierra 4, then they should have been able to see that Romeo 5 wasn’t to their north when departing the stand.
Tenerife 2.0. These accidents are so similar.
Tenerife lite
Terrible tragedy 😢😢😢
Another good video 🥰
You know. If there's one thing I've learned watching these is that there are many, MANY more accidents involving airplanes than I ever thought. I always figured they were so rare. Well, considering all other forms of transportation, yes they are. But I never imagined you could fill an entire quality RUclips channel with regular videos of plane accidents.
On another note, I'm the kind of person that grips the seat in front of them when the pilot is turning to align the plane for the landing. I'm terrified of being on a step ladder. Why can't I stop watching these. xD
I was thinking the exact same thing today when I read your comment: I’ve been watching this channel for months and it’s still got one video a week. I’m glad there’s content to hinge- but I’m not happy about the content itself. If you know what I mean
It kinda gives me the idea of starting a channel dedicated to railway accidents, given I'm qualified to do so from a technical standpoint. Trains are an excellent and safe way to travel but I'm sure many quality videos could be produced too
@@MrOpenGL I remember watching a few on train accidents, I even remember watching one where a single metal strip from the train wheel impaled one of the carts and the whole thing went kaput. If you ever do start it, I'd certainly like to check it out.
@@GrubbJunker I think you're talking about the Eschede ICE crash. I'd like to start the channel but I'm not sure my video making skills are on par with my technical skills, anyways... But I'll let you know if I do!
Most of the accidents are old, we're talking 20-30+ years old. Also there's incidents all the time, but most are minor and only involve stuff like a warning light not going off or an alarm sounding and the pilots returning to the airport out of caution.
You also need to consider scale. These accidents are severe, but when you look at the hundreds to thousands of flights *every day* they are basically a statistical anomaly.
In the trauma care world, there's a saying: The lessons learned here were taught in blood. We're human, not going to get everything right all the time, so you always see of ways for people to improve things after each disaster.
Another very well done quality just keeps improving every episode my friend. Thank You!
Have you considered on doing a video on accidents that happened at the airport in Tegucigalpa, Tocontín? I've never made the flight there as an adult but I've been told it's one of the most terrifying landings there is and there have been accidents there
What Happened?
@@IceWasHere.mp4 Many accidents. The city is in a depression in the middle of a mountain range, which makes the approach a risky one, but being the nation's capital means that it's the most convenient airport.
@@jogeller5731 Just Remembered 2 Accidents There: Tan Sahsa Flight 414 And The 2008 TACA Crash
Oh man, I love your videos. This is something I look forward to every Saturday evening.
I've been waiting for this one. I live only a couple of kilometers from Linate and I think of this disaster anytime I drive past it.
Watch as those Swiss cheese holes all line up.
Great presentation and video production, and a new subscriber here. Thanks
This is like Tenerife: Part 2 or Tenerife: The Sequel in so many ways. The comparisons are uncanny. One plane didn't know which taxiway to take, the crash took place at the covergence of a taxiway and the runway, the thick fog, the lack of ground radar, the control tower unable to see the carnage ... creepy.
Great video I requested this video I’m not sure when but I did request it not too long ago Great video as always 👏🏽👏🏽
Hi Chloe! Amazing and well researched video as always. I was wondering if mayhaps you'd be interested in covering a Malév flight in the future. Malév was a Hungarian airliner company operating from 1945-2012, and had their fair share of disasters during those years, as well as a surprising amount of hijackings which could make for an interesting topic. Have a lovely day!
Today (March 27, '77) is the anniversary of the Tennerife air crash between Pan Am & KLM).
Excellent insight and explanation.
Your videos are so great. 🔥
Thank you for the great video.
Waiting for a Video on the China Eastern Airlines Crash !
I’m getting set to watch, I’ll let the adds run first
Let me tell you, if I was at that airport with visibility the way it was on that day, I'd cancel my flight, call the people I was going to fly to and tell them because of the fog I will not be flying out at that time. I'd book a new flight when the visibility cleared, even if I would have to sleep in the airport to wait for it.
But would the airline refund you?
Nice video and rip to everyone on board
Did you get a new microphone? The sound in this video is particularly Crisp 😄 great vid as always!!
Hey, could you do a video in TWA Flight 529? It was at one point the deadliest single-aircraft accident in US history.
The probable cause was by the loss of a single bolt measuring just 5/16 of an inch.
I’ve seen so many crashes caused by runways not marked clearly or thoroughly. Yes, the ATC could have been clearer but I think most of the blame is due to poor runway designations. Why in hell don’t airports paint runway numbers along the entire route of runways and taxiways? It’s a lot cheaper to slop some paint on a runway than cause a crash that costs multimillions of dollars.
Beside of so many factors gone wrong , it was Cessna pilots who caused this disaster … they read wrongly GC instructions … not to mention that their Type Ratings were ILS 1 which didnt even allow them to land at Linate that time that day , neither taking off with such rating and visibility , they should not even be there !!
I really love your videos and how you make then. I was wondering if you can make a detailed video of how the Chinese plane that crashed by a nose dive earlier this week. There's footage of it falling down as well
The investigation for that crash is still ongoing as the cause of the crash has not yet been determined. I'm sure Disaster Breakdown will do that one when the findings are released to the public. Fingers crossed.
I have A video Idea is quite new in this channel this incident about 2012 Russian Plane demonstration Flight disaster In the incident crashed into a Mountain It shocking if you look it more
Sukhoi superjet 100 demonstration flight
Why is it always some fool in a small Cessna that feels the need to make a stupid move and crash into a bigger plane and killing everyone?
- It happened this time at Linate airport.
- It happened with PSA flight 182.
- It happened with Aeromexico flight 498
- And it happened with SkyWest Flight 1834
As an Italian and passionate person about aviation, I am so saddened by this accident, because you can see all the turning points leading to disaster and how easily the fatal outcome may have been averted.
Bad management of the airport clearly played the main role here; I am so sorry to say that a general Italian way of neglecting public infrastructures shines inevitably through, as tragically demonstrated later in time also by the Genoa road bridge collapse in August 2018.
A podcast was published in 2023 in collaboration with the Italian daily Corriere della Sera (in Italian only, unfortunately) to tell the story from the Linate disaster victims' point of view. It has been harrowing to hear the stories of the families fighting for justice.
A then unknown pathologist from Milan was sent to identify victims in an airport hangar; she was later to become very famous in Italy for being the one also identifying the fatalities from a migrant ship sinking in the Mediterranean and claiming more than 300 lives in 2013, giving names to people whose bodies were left unclaimed. Her name is Cristina Cattaneo and she later wrote many a book on her experiences, including Linate.
Never thought Id see my airline in your vid which has a fleet of maybe 8-10ish planes. So cool. x) (Croatia Airlines A319)
The Air Disaster episode has the Italian ATC workers interviewed and there accent is Devine, I know it's a bad situation but I have to admit I love the Italian accents !
I heard that the taxiway S4 wasn't even a taxiway but a lane for ground veichles to traffic around during a work, as in the aftermath of the accident they erased the S4 markings on the floor and replaced it with "No Entry" signs.
the fog in northern italy is the worst. anyway, great video as always!!!
I'm glad we don't have foggy airports.
5:22 - Wait a minute. How can they get a slot for 06:19 when they asked for clearance at 07:58. Do you mean they were given a 08:19 slot?
It’s 06:19 UTC. The international time zone for aviation
I often go planespotting at Linate Airport
I mentioned that the Citation pilots accidentally took taxiway R6 instead of taxiway R5 due to faded taxiway markings, but there are actually two reasons aside from the fog as to why they and the ground controller didn't catch their mistake. The first, as mentioned in the video is that as when the taxiway stops at the freehold of what was then numbered as runway 18R/36L, now numbered as runway 17/35, the taxiway then changes from R6 into S4. However, it wasn't registered as S4 on official diagrams of the airport. The second reason is that the ground controller's terminology in reference to the runways, aprons and taxiways were substandard. He referred to what was numbered at the time as runway 18L/36R, now numbered runway 18/36 as the main runway. He also referred to the north apron as the main apron. He even referred to taxiway R5 and the taxiway parallel to the runway as the main taxiway. This poor terminology by the controller might have lead the Citation pilots to believing that they were going the right way.
The F/O of the Citation was named "Martin Schneider" not "Scheinder" :D
Please report speeds in Kts. Alt in Feet or Fl. Airline pilots don't understand Miles, Km/h or Meters.
I know from living in Western Washington State for 25 years that if it was this foggy at Sea-Tac International Airport as well as Boeing Field (King County Airport) and Paine Field (Snohomish County Airport) no flights in or our even with all technology available
I mean in Milan it can be like that for weeks in a row in fall and winter. Both Linate and Malpensa (to a lesser extent) suffer from this problem. There is no place to build an airport near Milan who wouldn't have this problem, and 10 million people living in the area.
(5:14) There may be a typo in the on-screen name of the first officer, in that Schneider is a common German name, and Scheinder, while not totally implausible, would be pretty unusual for a name.
ATC: "Taxi NORTH via Romeo 5."
Cessna Pilots: "SOUTH it is then...."
Smh....☹☹☹
This pisses me off. This is the controllers fault. No one else.
Not true.
@@peteconrad2077 …says Don Corleone?
@@tomsommer8372 what? This was not solely the controllers. The crew of the biz jet also made serious errors here.
There's a third Milan airport too called Milan Bergamo.
sufficient emphasis is not given to the lack of ground radar and the subsequent installation of radar after the accident.
Please can you do Stockport air disaster?
I also live in a country where accountability is near zero. I must say it is tough...
This accident and the Tenerife disaster makes me nervous when I’m at a foggy airport. I know the likelihood of an accident is pretty low but you never know.
The pilot of the Cessna said, "I said Bud Light not turn right!"
Can you please do a video on MU 375 which crashed on monday
So...This was _sort of_ a smaller version of the Tenerife crash.
A...Minirife, if you will...
it's quite surprising, that SAS being the only dedicated full service airline (since 1936) from the whole of Scandinavia never operated the B747-400 ER . . . the rationale behind not operating the B747-400 ER is curious enough . . .
Frightening... how awful. Just completely careless overall. Just the fact the fog was so bad should have prohibited ALL flights.
yes
I'M CONFUSED...You said the MD-87 called the tower & received a takeoff slot at 816am, but then you said the Citation called the tower & was granted permission to start their engines at 758am & given a takeoff slot at 619am. Did I miss something?? 🤔
Ahh darn I think I got mixed up with the times when writing them down in my script. Thought I caught them all. Thanks for pointing it out!
@@DisasterBreakdown hey no problem, that's ok. It was just an fyi, I really enjoy all your vids. Keep up the good work. 😉👍✌️
Early, But what a interesting crash video!
Wonder where the Cessna would have gone after crossing the runway had the SAS not stopped them in their tracks? It sounds like they were just an accident waiting to happen that morning one way or another. A sad day.
The airport is the one should take the blame.
My dude are you planing to make a video on the boing 737 from china when we have more information? May all the Passengers rip . Much love
Rip to all those who died.
😢
Small clarification: Milan is also serviced by Bergamo airport, northeast of the city
@Anna.nelle.Nuvole true, Malpensa is mentioned in the Video though. Was just adding the comment on Bergamo because only Malpensa and Linate came up in the Intro.
200m visibility and the airport stays open. 😬
Citation pilot error began this sad train of events. It would have been prevented but for airport failures.
.... I really miss when you read out the names. 😭
nice video, but pls use metric units (km/h instead of miles/h) reason: we in europe grow up none-english because our parents are stupid. Then we have to learn the entire english language as teen and adult which is a lot of work. Now please use our units since we already learn your language. Also metric is cleaner, at least in base 10
Hey, it's Italy, right?
Why do Airport Taxiways and Runways as well as the latest Boeing and Airbus aircraft, have fewer cameras than my Tesla?
Early gang!
That any active wouldn't by now be idiot proof is unimaginable.
Its impossible to idiot proof something as complicated as flying a plane. That's why training is so important. We can't have idiots running the show
CRIMINAL. 6 - SIX - Years before this completely unavoidable accident the funding for a new Ground Radar was approved. The Radar System was eventually delivered, but had been sitting in its crates in a terminal for nearly two years before this accident. Linate Airport was run worse than a Banana Republic. The Director & Technical Staff was just as much, or even more to blame than the ATC. And the German Cessna Crew who committed the incursion was presumably suffering from get-there-itis, which we know is a potentially Lethal Disease. They must take a fair share of the blame for this tragedy, but at the end of the day, the main reason for this Totally Preventable Tragedy rests completely on the Airport Leadership, or total lack thereof.
Not only is it Criminal to operate an International Airport without Ground Radar, especially when the radar is sitting "down stairs" collecting dust, but the fact that the Director supplied ATC with Charts that were incomplete and had a highly confusing designation of Taxiways is right out Criminal.
Unfortunately, they wouldn't pay the highest price for their Crimes. The the two Crews, Passengers and four Ground Crew did.
Hopefully such idiots will never be put in charge of a major airport ever again…
- But judging from the Insanity of Identity Politics, that's exactly what is happening now in America, where people are hired on a Racist Basis and not whether or not they are actually the most Qualified for the Job…
And so did youself become a racist whit you last statement.
Mad dogs RIP
Irony is that if USSR had kept existing today, we would have had super carriers with 1000 - 1500 passenger capacities flying around, would been horrific if just ONE of those crashed.
Malan
The firemen sprayed wet water all over the firey fire.
👍
Oh yeah i feel like it's the first time in my life some stranger listened to a suggestion of mine. But that's probably just because i have a shitty memory. Hell, you might not even be the guy i suggested this to. Anyways, thank you faceless stranger.
I find these videos very interesting!!!
My question is. Why do they say may day may day! When they know foresure there going to crash????
I would be like fuck this we all dying!!!!! Pray to what ever God you believe in
It was a accidental accent that accidentally happened.
I had never heard of the Linate Airport disaster until now. It was completely preventable. The 110 people in both planes and the 4 people in the hangar didn't deserve to die the way that they did! ☹️
an airport disaster huh? TIME TO LEARN AND MAKE EDITS TO THIS COMMENT AS NEEDED!
Can't begin to say how many videos like this I have watched where the accident's primary cause was crappy weather. Why don't pilots just say "Screw this. My life is more important than flying today."
7 minutes… EARLY
gods that layout is terrible!!!! eh, as the French say "les aeroport terrebles"