Backpacking Stove Efficiency, Part 1: Pot Diameter, Burner Size, Flame Level
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- Опубликовано: 19 мар 2023
- This video seeks to determine “best” backcountry cook kit options for both Fuel Efficiency and Weight Efficiency.
It investigates the performance interaction of titanium pots in increasing diameters against stoves of various burner widths, and at 3 different flame levels.
It also addresses the performance benefits of using a lid on your pot, and the question of whether a lid is worth the weight to an ultralight backpacker.
Download the raw data and graphs (Excel Spreadsheet):
www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/5g7tz5...
Video Index
00:36 Testing Protocol
01:24 Pot Selection
03:51 Stove Selection
06:05 Flow Regulation System
09:44 Measurement Apparatus
11:16 Functional “Boil” Defined
12:57 Testing Procedure Illustrated
Results
15:54 MSR Pocket Rocket Deluxe (High)
17:28 MSR Pocket Rocket Deluxe (Medium)
18:32 MSR Pocket Rocket Deluxe (Low)
19:46 Margin of Error
Results
21:07 BRS-3000T (High)
21:45 BRS-3000T (Medium)
22:08 BRS-3000T (Low)
Results
23:13 Primus Classic Trail (High)
23:45 Primus Classic Trail (Medium)
24:08 Primus Classic Trail (Low)
24:27 Countervailing Effects
25:35 Canister Pressure Drop
28:06 In-Stove Pressure Regulation
28:23 Lid Testing
Results
30:59 Lid Effect - Toaks Light 550 Pot
32:00 Lid Effect - Toaks D118 Bowl
32:37 Lid Effect - Toaks 1600 Pan
33:09 The Lids
35:41 System Weights
36:52 Fuel Efficiency vs. Weight Efficiency
40:46 Is a Lid Worth the Weight?
43:01 Summary
Performance Nutrition for Backpackers video series:
• Hiker Food
Backcountry Water Treatment video series:
• Backcountry Water Trea...
Efficiency by flame level has been something I've wondered about every time I used my stove, but I never bothered to test it. Thank you for doing the hard work for us.
Most welcome! I hope it helps.
These are great tests . . . I think we all suspected and predicted some of these results but I thought lids would make a bugger difference. Looking forward to the aluminum tests.
Was looking forward to the next water treatment episode, but GearSkeptic adds yet ANOTHER insanely thorough series into the mix. Absolutely wild. This man cannot be stopped.
Too many pots...boiling on the stove!
@@GearSkeptic Don't boil yourself out...
I'm a professional instructional designer - who specializes in teaching content through video. This is one of the best instructional videos I've ever seen. It ticks so many boxes for instructional best practices. I'm going to use your video as an example when I teach.
really good, but too long. half an hour would be perfect
Thanks very much! That really means a lot, and I sincerely appreciate it.
@@thek3743 go 1.5x Bro 😅
Wow! I thought I was a gear nerd, but you take it to a whole new level. Thanks for all the many hours you put into these tests! I look forward to your wind tests. I know from real world experience the the BRS-3000 is SEVERELY impacted by wind. In fact, if you don't use a windscreen with it even just a moderate breeze can keep you from being able to bring it to a boil at all.
Thanks! And yah, I'm totally expecting wind to change some of these conclusions.
Eye opening and amazing amount of hard work. This is one of those milestones that will be referenced for next decade in UL world and on reddit. Thank you.
Thanks! That is genuinely appreciated.
Thank you for this video. It's so refreshing to see real science, solid lab techniques, and good data brought into these discussions. I watched all 47 minutes and loved it all.
You’re welcome, and thank you!
As a scientist, I really appreciate your methodology.
Another great video. Best part, no bias, no defending a brand, no belittling of others choice, just raw data! Sure there was some ribbing at the man in gray (devils advocate) but never hostility. Thank you for providing a service to the backpacking/hiking community!
The man is gray is really a voice in my own head!
There is a man in gray in all of us, depending on the subject!
I could watch you control for variability all day long! Thanks for all your hard work. We appreciate your insights!!
Thanks much! I appreciate that :)
Thank you for your hard work and dedication. It is greatly appreciated. You make excellent content, please keep making videos.
Thanks very much! I may be slow, but I am steady.
I recently purchased a FireMaple "Greenpeak" gas stove that is very similar to the MSR Pocket Rocket Deluxe, I also purchased their "FMC-XK6 Aluminum Cookware" that is a single 1L pot equipped with a finned heat exchanger on the bottom of the pot. Last Saturday, I took it out on a 15.3-mile (round-trip) hike to a local park. There was a rather stiff continuous breeze blowing, and as best I could using my body and a plastic trash barrel attempted to negate the breeze as much as possible. I was amazed how fast I was able to get 750ml of water to a boil, cook my ramen with a single serving Spam and spray cheese combination. It was actually an enjoyable experience considering the wind conditions.
As a guy with 30+ yrs. as an HVAC service technician, I was happy to see you devote quite a bit of time to evaporative cooling as it applies to the use of a lid on the pot, and also how it affects the pressure in the gas canister, because it is the evaporation of the liquid to a gas within the canister that causes it to cool - "Boyle's Law".
Thanks for the video, I enjoyed it.
Yah, I am looking forward to being able to test the HX pots in wind!
Thanks a lot. First : I really enjoyed watching this video ; hiking gear meets test protocols, what a treat ! Second : you gave me figures to confront my ancient Campingaz Globe Trotter to. As a hiker I was never really concerned about weight : I'm the family sherpa. But gear volume, and fuel efficiency, are more important. So, thanks to your protocol, it turns out that my good old stove is as efficient as current ones : to boil 415 ml of tap water it burns 6g of gas during 9 minutes at low setting and 8g /5 minutes at high setting. With a C206 canister (190g of gas) that would be from 23 to 31 boils, so 5 to 7 days of gas autonomy. Not that bad and good enough to give it shifts in my stove rotations.
I have literally wondered about this for years. I can't believe how good and thorough this video is. Thank you for your effort!
Thank you! I appreciate that. Hopefully some of it helps.
You dropped a video debunking camp stoves and lids, Jim Lill dropped a video debunking guitar tone and recording. Lots of scientific testing, all in the same day. I'm in heaven.
So glad you made this video, thankyou.
I've been camping for 54 years and through simple usage i have found different size and material of pots affects boil times and gas usage.
I have argued against the usual practice on youtube etc of judging stoves by boil times and or gas usage. My reasoning being that in actual outdoor use boil times will depend on so many external factors, weather conditions, ambient temperatue, water temperature, and as you demonstrate pot size and material and gas pressure etc.
Some of my gas stoves will take twice as long to boil in freezing winter conditions than in hot summer weather and accordingly use more gas.
Great informative video. 👍👍
I do have plans to also test different pot styles (like kettles) as well as materials like aluminum and stainless steel.
@@GearSkeptic
Great look forward to seeing those.
I'm new to your channel but finding it very interesting. 👍👍
Something I learned the hard way with the BRS stove is too wide of a pot is really unstable. Lost 1.5 L on a beach backpacking trip with no water when the wind blew it off and got to enjoy hiking 8 miles out the last morning on a half liter. These pots are smaller but still worth considering stability, because having to re-boil a spilled pot weighs a lot and wastes a lot of fuel and water if you're dry camping.
Just another thing to keep in mind, thanks for all the data!
Loved it. I am a Mech Eng and spent 4 years doing heat transfer and fluid flow. As I said loved it.
Awesome! Thanks!
Excellent video. For sure, this was aimed at long-distance hikers or military personnel where resupply may be a serious issue. I do not believe the casual camper that goes out a few times per year for only a day or two will worry much about these tests, they will simply use what they purchased and have fun. Our family trains to use much of our camping gear for emergency preparedness. We fall into that middle ground where this exhaustive testing could make a difference for us one day. We certainly appreciate all the effort expended to make this informative video. For those who may wonder about windscreens, a British channel, bex bugoutsurvivor, recently posted some tests he ran to end a dispute. Windscreens do make a tremendous difference when heating food or water over small backpacking stoves. Protecting your flame and the sides of the pot is important to efficiency.
Thanks! Part 2 will be on Wind Effects. That will be testing stoves of various designs to see which work best in moving air, but a part of that will also be wind screens and how much they help for how much weight.
It will be interesting to see if an ultralight stove could be made more wind-efficient for less total weight by adding a thin windscreen, versus going with a heavier stove that has inherent protection built around the burner.
This is incredible! I've been looking for exactly these kinds of tests and finding other RUclipsrs who put like half as much effort into them, and here you are being absolutely exhaustive in covering all of the variables. Thanks so much for your efforts!
Thanks! It is worth it if it helps 👍🏼
God these are good. Not sure if it's on your "to do" list, but would love to see how windscreens affect efficiency as well!
Definitely! Working on fans and the mechanics of a wind setup. Already collecting windscreens and choosing stoves.
@@GearSkeptic This is a great idea - I am also curious about using low flame in a breeze.
I am always wondering about the effiency of the gas stove (small, medium, wide) and your video provide clear answer to these questions. Thank you.
Such a great, well documented, and thorough approach. Really flexed my mind wrapping around the concept as a whole and you succinctly got the scientific method across with the summary at the end grounding it to earth. Thanks!
Thank you! I am so glad if any of it can be useful.
Great respect for your comprehensive analysis. I've never used a burner before. We've just eaten food cold while travelling but thought we'd make a change and efficiency is one of the most important factors for me (along with cook-ability). I've gone with the omnilite ti (with silencer) for its ability to burn multiple fuels at high efficiency and quietly (All the efficiency studies are without the silencer how that'll affest it) while also having the ability to simmer.
I then started considering efficiency of the pots. Of course a wider base would increase efficiency but so would a heat exchanger, but the latter at the cost of extra mass so better to just use a wider based pan without a heat exchanger (saving mass, volume, cost, as well as being better at acting as a frying pan). After having these thoughts I find your videos. I haven't actually bought the omnilite ti yet but I'd imagine it would have a similar burn diameter to the pocket rocket. However, with the silencer I don't know what effect it will have as it distributes heat more.
Difficult to make an effective decision when I have no experience and none of the equipment is infront of me, but it does seem to be the case that a visual confirmation of the glow dissipating just before the edge of the pan matches the efficiency sweet-spot. Maybe I'll buy the burner and try it out on pans at home, get a rough visual guide of the glow diameter and then buy pans that are slightly wider than that without heat exchangers.
Do you have any thoughts?
Edit: As we are cooking for three, a larger volume pot of 1.5-2.5L is necessary and so likely to have a larger diameter than your largest pot . . . again making me think that the heat exchanger will be useless.
I haven’t done testing on larger pots, but it is on my list! I am working on heat exchangers now. MSR makes the Reactor in a 1.7L version. By their numbers, it is the most fuel efficient stove made (with reported excellent wind resistance). I’ll be testing the 1L version in my next investigation.
@eptic6355 I've sent an email to primus asking if they have documentation comparing the 2.3L pots with and without heat exchangers to justify the increased mass, volume, and expense. I linked this video pointing out the limited efficiency increases beyond 15cm and questioned whether when using a 20cm diameter pot the gas would retain enough thermal energy to justify a heat exchanger (compared to the sub15cm diameters which probably would).
I watch the video, I'm amazed. Whenever an Idea pops in the back in my mind, you continue to mention and - that's even more awesome - measuring! it instead of speculating 😅 almost scary. Then I start thinking about Wind Effects, take a look at your Channel and see this has become an entire Series, covering everything from Wind effects, over Windscreens to Heat exchangers. THIS is why I still love RUclips! Hope you are doing well 👌🏼 Thank you so much
Thank you for the kind words! I appreciate them very much.
I thought I was the only one. You might actually be more of a nerd than me!! Subscribed, liked, commented. Really appreciate the time, thought, money, and effort you put into this
🤓
I usualy cold soak my meals, but I still watched every bit of your video because it is so satisfying. A big thank you for this!
Me, watching this a week after walking for 2 days with 50kg in my pack after a hunt:
Hmm, yes I'd hate to have to carry a few more grams due to inefficient heating 😂
Between you, project farm and the outdoor gear review its amazing the quality of reviews on RUclips now. Keep it up mate!
Thanks! I’ve sometimes said take a 20lb pack without a pot lid in it in one hand and an identical pack but add a lid in the other. Bet you can’t tell which is which!
It’s the principle that counts 😉
Once again the best channel on RUclips shows why it's the best😍 I'd be interested to see how a contained "flameless"/windproof system like the MSR Windburner or the Jetboil stack up in a controlled and windy setting. Especially with the weight increases in their systems because of the added heat fins on the pots as well as the insulation materials. Great stuff as always!
Thanks very much! Yah, I've got wind effects planned for Part 2, but that should lead perfectly into a Part 3 on heat exchanger systems like Jetboil and MSR Reactor/Windburner.
@@GearSkeptic I've had a Trangia 25 since 1987, then sold for Trangia 27 Duossal. I tried a Mini Trangia but it's useless in any kind of wind - can't get a boil, wind blows the flame away so weak it's cooling as fast as any heat gets to the pot. I've got a Jetboil Sol Ti from 2012 which solves many of the Trangia's 27 weight issues but removes food cooking versatility. For an overnight 1-2 night scenario vs a 5+ night scenario the alcohol vs gas and the wind losses seems to pivot both towards gas and then.... I simply don't know.
Eventually, I’d like to add in alcohol stoves to the comparison.
@@GearSkeptic Excellent. The "no brainer" is at the extremes of a 1-nighter possibly 2-nighter, when the weight of alcohol fuel + small bottle + burner is substantially less than the weight of a nearly empty canister + burner. It's also a no-brainer at the opposite end of a long 5+day trip when beginning with a full canister weighs less than the alcohol+bottle. The tricky bit is the middle part between the extremes.
Also alcohol stoves very much need a windbreak (tighter usually better) but can't do that so safely with gas canister when under the burner under the pot.
Also we know gas is more efficient with a lower flame but in wind if too low it risks blowing out and there's going to be low-enough optimal flame where the flame is coming out at enough velocity to finish combustion whilst still under the pot. So in your high/medium/low flame tests there's going to be a point when low may become less efficient.
Complex stuff.
I wish toaks or someone would do a pot with heat exchanger fins. Always jealous seeing jetboil dudes boil so fast but the whole jetboil system is heavy af, just need the regular titanium pot with the fins in the bottom.
Wow! I like your testing very much. Thanks a lot for the effort - I'm going now to check out the next video of this series.
This information is pure gold.
Thank you so much for enabling me to make a significantly more informed choice for my forthcoming travels.
You are very welcome! I am glad if it helps.
Once I got my Solo Stove I never looked back! Lightweight, space saver (as it nests with my cup/pot) and I never need to think about fuel (it's weight or expense)!
I do have some ideas on how I might objectively test wood stoves against each other for relative efficiency. Future project!
This was a thoroughly captivating treatise on one facet of backpacking gear. The fact that it was 47 minutes was barely noticed. Thanks for your scientific approach to the fuel efficiency dilemma. I recently purchased a larger diameter pot of the same volume, knowing it would be more efficient. Haven't tested it yet. The lower flame level was the best revelation of this whole film. Fuel savings with less noise. One needn't be in such a hurry while enjoying nature anyway. Thanks for sharing.
You are welcome! Very glad if it can help.
Fantastic. Great to see you back.
Very well done. The fast boil time trend is kind of silly. We are camped and don't have any place to go. I had similar results while testing my DIY alcohol burners. The most important factor I found related to efficiency, was a moderate falme that did not spill over the bottom of the pan and reach up the sides. I was able to (eventually on my bench) boil 4 cups of 65F water burning 1 oz of denatured alcohol. That is about 50% net efficiency - BTUs transferred to the water. Boil time was about 6 minutes for two cups and 11.5 minutes for 4 cups. Of course, the conditions were ideal; e.g. no wind. If you are curious, I've documented build and test on my channel. Thanks for a great series! TomLovesDIY
Very glad to see a new video! Huge fan of the Skeptic™ take!
Huzzah! A new series! Looking forward to it!
Great attention to detail! Love your methodology.
Your approach is admirable. Great work.
I love that kind of craziness 😂 Thank you for this thorough testing and analysis.
Most welcome!
I experience so much joy when I see you have posted!
:)
Thumbed up before watching. Loved all the prior content. 🙌
Thank you once again for doing our hobby a valuable service.
You are most welcome! I hope it helps.
Amazing as always. I appreciate your thoroughness, knowledge and fascinating points. Thank you.
OH YEAH, MORE SKEPTIC!! I haven't even watched it yet and I love the anticipating feeling of growing more knowledge!!
I’m just start to hiking now and still confused of what to buy. Thanks for the experiment! Now i know how to manage my cooking system.
Thank you so much for all the time and energy spent bringing all of us adventurist much needed and deeply appreciated knowledge.
A decidedly fascinating consideration of vessels and stoves. I am a camp chef, and consistent food preparation trumps all other considerations. That's my priority and requisite compromises. When solo camping, I use the Glacier stove in order to achieve better heat distribution from the wider footprint of the flame, and I use the MSR stainless steel skillet. While both sit squarely in the heavyweight category, my pancakes and omelettes are flawless. Thank you for your superb and excellent experimental work. I greatly appreciate the thoroughness of your videos.
One of the projects I have on a back burner 🥸 is to test different styles of heat diffusers, specifically for the camp chef. My goal is to try and find a diffuser/pan combination that is lighter than carrying the thicker, heavier vessel.
One of the best tests I have seen on You Tube for anything, well done!
Much appreciated!
This has been on my mind lately, happy i found this
Big thumbs up. Love the attention to detail in both execution and analysis.
That was awesome. Answered many questions I had on stove/pot size.
Looking forward to the other videos.
This was and vary informative. Thanks for watching the water boil for us.
Oh man, you're lighting up a spark in my engineering endeavors; seeing all those tubes/measurement devices in a residential setting makes me more interested
You've done mankind a great service.
This was one of the most delightful backpacking videos I've seen. Now for the search for zero wt lids: old dinner bags or maps or phone covers or hats. Maybe flatish rocks.
Zero-weight lids are available in unobtanium, currently on indefinite pre-order.
FYI my Jetboil lid fits well my basic 600ml pot. Odd my Titanium lid is heavier than the plastic.
I knew intuitively a lid helps - particularly towards end of a boil process as evaporation heat loss increases - and helps with a wider pot more than a narrow one, just with this video it proves is admirably.
Huzzah! You’re back! Looking forward to more videos about cooking dynamics.
This I’ve always known. I’ve long had a miniMo which has and still serves great camp meals. I use my brs3000 with moderate flame and a toks pot on long hikes. I’m amazed by the number a campers who always turn up all stoves to full blast and blow flame and butane out into space. And their fuel runs out day 4.
Thank you sir. You solve the questions I have anytime when camping. Keep up the good work.
this was perfectly thought out and thoroughly tested. thank you so much.
Thanks! Much appreciated.
Very interesting stuff! Thank you so much for the time and effort that would have been involved with all of these tests. You're doing the community a massive favour! If your sanity can stand it (and I assume a paired down pot selection will help) then I'll be really interested to see the effect of breezy conditions in the wind tests
Definitely! Wind effects will be Part 2. Already working on stove selection, and some windscreens.
I've never seen any of your videos before. For the dedication to precision you deserve a follow. Very good video.
You’ve done it once again! Awesome work, and quite funny too. Thank you!!
Thanks very much!
Damn this was awesome! Thanks for your attention to detail and planning. Gonna binge a little having discovered your channel. Must say tho, I feel a little smug, not terribly surprised by the results after many decades of camp cooking and stove collecting.
Totally a fan of your in depth analysis! That said, something about your hands and the way you move them, make me think it's the Swedish Chef going deep on hike tech.
What if I said, “You poot de turkey in de pot” ?
@@GearSkeptic although I think that's a bit more Julia Childs.
Wonderful test and results
"Or, if you're on the metric system, that's alUminium." Pure gold.
😉
Instant subscribe after watching the thoroughness of this set of testing. Time to go watch some of your others.
Amazing, quality work. These videos help me understand not just gear but physics itself.
The voice, the hands and the analysis...! :D Great video!
FYI I've been doing my own alcohol Vs gas tests varying the weather and averaging. My gas use is average around 7g per use (boil 350g water) Vs alcohol is around the 18g or 20ml per use. My alcohol is methanol with 10% water with a 0.88g/ml. I weighed the alcohol stove to measure fuel loss and infer volume from measured density. I average 2 such uses per day hence 14g gas or 38g/40ml alcohol per day. Interesting challenge with alcohol is if I add more than I need then even after I snuff the flame out it keeps getting lighter so the alcohol is still evaporating so is wasting excess, but if try to tune to just enough alcohol to not waste then the flame goes weak and then stops before a boil, so it's a logistical challenge to not waste alcohol fuel. Due to an empty gas canister weighs 106g and an empty alcohol 60ml bottle weighs 15g, 2 days of gas is 132g Vs 2 days alcohol is 69g. So alcohol wins on the overnight/2 days trip but longer trips the weight of the alcohol loses.
Just excellent. Thank you for the time and effort to make these videos. I’m looking forward to the tests of wind effects, and measures to mitigate them.
It will be Part 2, already in the planning stages!
This is the nerdiest video on camp cooksets and I’m here for it!
Great info and explanations of your methods as always. They're the reasons I keep recommending your channel to a variety of people. 🙂👍
Many thanks!
A lot of work was done. Thank you a lot! This really helpful.
You're most welcome. I'm glad to be a help!
Excellent video!
Thank you for your thorough analytical evaluation, very very informative. I will use this to purchase a stove burner and pots for my bike packing trip.
Amazing. Wonderful. Never stop, please. A salve to my questioning mind.
Most humbling. Thanks!
Fantastic evaluation study. It appears I have chosen my equipment wisely and use my fuel efficiently. Always thought that "Full Blast" was not a good setting for back country cooking. Thank you!
This is the smartest video on youtube.
God, I love science. It's refreshing to see non-truncated graphs zoomed in on the last decimal to skew reality. Nice work!
I'm only two minutes into the video, but that spreadsheet is a work of art. Liked and subscribed.
Very informative video. I see myself lowering my flame pattern in the future.
i like your channel.
simple and straightforward
Thank you!
The only RUclipsr that dose this kind of amazing work Thank you
Much appreciated! Thank you.
Thank you for your service
Thank you very much for the best hiking gear reviews and information shares provided by anyone, anywhere. Keep up the outstanding work. It is appreciated.
Thank you! That really means a lot!
as always, great video! Thanks for all the information and explanations!
Amazing work as always, we all really value all your many hours of work & expense doing these reviews. I especially love it when it agrees with all my own much less involved tests! Brs & small pot with foil lid for the win! Thanks again, we appreciate you & always look forward to your content!
Most appreciated, and glad to help. Thanks much!
You are one of my favorite geeks. Thank you for the effort.
You are very welcome! 🤓
I love your method, observations and measurements. Hi from Germany.
Greetings, and thanks!
Okay, I'm hooked,... just subscribed to your channel. Well done! Thanks for creating and posting this video.
This is really amazing. I must admit I skipped back and forth, to get the quick results. Kudos for all the efforts you put in!
Love your channel! I have been learning a lot and will be using some of this knowledge to help my group hiking the JMT
Awesome, and thanks!
I have been looking forward to this video. With all that you have covered here, I was beginning to think you could not have left anything to cover in part 2. Having said that, I was not surprised by the additional variables you came up with. Thank you for this
My pleasure, sir. Hope it can help!
Part 2 will be on wind effects. I'm thinking wind may change some of these recommendations. Part 3 is planned for heat exchanger systems (which will expand on wind effects). Beyond that, I'd like to check aluminum vs. titanium vs. steel, and maybe a test set using larger pots to see if big burners turn out to be better there.
Now, I just need 30-hour days to get it all done!
My teenage son came into the room while I am watching your video and asks me condescendingly what the heck am I watching. The only response I could come up with that he could understand is “I am watching a video by my new hero”. I loved this test and your methodology given the instruments you have access to at a consumer level are flawless. I am pleasantly surprised by some of your findings and really enjoyed this video. If you are not familiar with a channel called Project Farm I think you will really relate to the type of testing he does for various items and I would pay money to see you two guys do your testing live. LOL. Thanks for the video.
I recently found Project Farm! I've been watching some of their tool tests.
Thanks very much!
Your channel is vastly underrated. Thanks for sharing the outstanding research with us!
Thanks very much, and you are most welcome!
Another excellent scientific comparison.
Thank you so much for your time and effort !!!
...I also appreciate the sense of humor...
My pleasure! I hope some of it is useful.
I can’t believe I watched this whole video 🤔 I stayed for the humor. Ended up learning. Amazed at your engineering. Mind blowned by your knowledge.😄
Thank you for answering a lot of the questions I have had about pot size versus flame size when I use my BRS 3000 stove.
Excellent video.
You are most welcome!
Another video right is my alley!! I’m so glad you’re doing all the experiments that I’d love to do because I don’t have time! 😂
I'm so glad I'm not the only one who thinks this stuff is interesting! :)
Soooo analytical. Love IT ❤