Notes I made from the video with a bit of detail.. The long passage based question to be done last as you will have more time at the end to actually read it properly. Majority of times, the answer/s is from your own knowledge, if any calculation based question/s come up, data can be obtained from the passage. Underline any information that you feel is of importance and could help in building and framing your answer/s Protein synthesis Transcription - Occurs in the nucleus - Part of the DNA unwinds - Bases are exposed along the template strand - Network forms upon which mRNA molecule forms - Building blocks of mRNA: RNA nucleotides - RNA nucleotides pair up with template strand bases according to the complementary base pairing rule - mRNA strand forms, leaves nucleus Translation - Takes place in cytoplasm - Ribosome moves along with the mRNA strand - mRNA attaches to the ribosome - tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome - mRNA codon binds with the complementary anticodon on the tRNA producing an amino acid chain and forms polypeptide bonds - At the end of the chain there will be a stop codon that ends translation Mutation - Random rare change in a DNA If addition/deletion of base - Different sequence of amino acid brought to the ribosome - Give a different protein with a different phenotype Substitution - May not be a change in amino acid sequence - May have the same protein with the same phenotype Effect of pH on enzyme activity Amylase digests starch -> glucose Iodine blue black in the presence of starch Orange in the presence of glucose Benedicts blue Brick red in the presence of glucose Nitrogen cycle - Nitrates absorbed by root hair cells by active transport from an area of low concentration -> high concentration against the - concentration and uses energy from ATP - Plants use the nitrates to make proteins (amino acids) + growth (assimilation) - Plants eaten by animals (assimilation) - Animal and plants die and they are decayed by decomposers (fungi or bacteria) and this converts nitrates -> ammonia - Nitrifying bacteria converts ammonium ions -> nitrites then nitrates - Denitrifying bacteria converts nitrates -> nitrogen gas - Nitrogen fixing bacteria found in root nodules converts the nitrogen gas -> nitrates. Nitrogen fixation happens with lightning as well. Kidney Order of the different parts of the nephron Glomerulus -> Bowman's capsule -> PCT -> Loop of Henle -> DCT -> Collecting duct Excretion of urea - Ultrafiltration - Occurs in glomerulus - ions , water, glucose, and urea enters the bowman’s capsule - Selective reabsorption takes place in PCT where glucose is reabsorbed back into the blood by active transport - Presence of proteins in urine (due to damage to bowman’s capsule) - Proteins are too large to enter. - Presence of glucose (PCT not working) Osmoregulation - Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detects low water level - Stimulates pituitary gland to release ADH - This ADH acts on the walls of the collecting duct, making them more permeable so more water is reabsorbed back into the blood - Urine is less in volume and more concentrated and yellow FSH and LH from pituitary gland FSH - matures the egg - stimulates follicle growth - stimulates egg development - stimulates sperm production in males - stimulates oestrogen secretion LH - stimulates ovulation (egg release) (peaks) - stimulates production of testosterone - stimulates development of corpus luteum - Stimulates testosterone production in males
can you please do a prediction video miss pleasee, you're videos have acc helped me so much in biology esp the vid on how to answer long answer question like "discuss" or "Comment" i've always struggled on those so thank youu
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Notes I made from the video with a bit of detail..
The long passage based question to be done last as you will have more time at the end to actually read it properly. Majority of times, the answer/s is from your own knowledge, if any calculation based question/s come up, data can be obtained from the passage. Underline any information that you feel is of importance and could help in building and framing your answer/s
Protein synthesis
Transcription
- Occurs in the nucleus
- Part of the DNA unwinds
- Bases are exposed along the template strand
- Network forms upon which mRNA molecule forms
- Building blocks of mRNA: RNA nucleotides
- RNA nucleotides pair up with template strand bases according to the complementary base pairing rule
- mRNA strand forms, leaves nucleus
Translation
- Takes place in cytoplasm
- Ribosome moves along with the mRNA strand
- mRNA attaches to the ribosome
- tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome
- mRNA codon binds with the complementary anticodon on the tRNA producing an amino acid chain and forms polypeptide bonds
- At the end of the chain there will be a stop codon that ends translation
Mutation
- Random rare change in a DNA
If addition/deletion of base
- Different sequence of amino acid brought to the ribosome
- Give a different protein with a different phenotype
Substitution
- May not be a change in amino acid sequence
- May have the same protein with the same phenotype
Effect of pH on enzyme activity
Amylase digests starch -> glucose
Iodine blue black in the presence of starch
Orange in the presence of glucose
Benedicts blue
Brick red in the presence of glucose
Nitrogen cycle
- Nitrates absorbed by root hair cells by active transport from an area of low concentration -> high concentration against the - concentration and uses energy from ATP
- Plants use the nitrates to make proteins (amino acids) + growth (assimilation)
- Plants eaten by animals (assimilation)
- Animal and plants die and they are decayed by decomposers (fungi or bacteria) and this converts nitrates -> ammonia
- Nitrifying bacteria converts ammonium ions -> nitrites then nitrates
- Denitrifying bacteria converts nitrates -> nitrogen gas
- Nitrogen fixing bacteria found in root nodules converts the nitrogen gas -> nitrates. Nitrogen fixation happens with lightning as well.
Kidney
Order of the different parts of the nephron
Glomerulus -> Bowman's capsule -> PCT -> Loop of Henle -> DCT -> Collecting duct
Excretion of urea
- Ultrafiltration
- Occurs in glomerulus
- ions , water, glucose, and urea enters the bowman’s capsule
- Selective reabsorption takes place in PCT where glucose is reabsorbed back into the blood by active transport
- Presence of proteins in urine (due to damage to bowman’s capsule)
- Proteins are too large to enter.
- Presence of glucose (PCT not working)
Osmoregulation
- Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detects low water level
- Stimulates pituitary gland to release ADH
- This ADH acts on the walls of the collecting duct, making them more permeable so more water is reabsorbed back into the blood
- Urine is less in volume and more concentrated and yellow
FSH and LH from pituitary gland
FSH
- matures the egg
- stimulates follicle growth
- stimulates egg development
- stimulates sperm production in males
- stimulates oestrogen secretion
LH
- stimulates ovulation (egg release) (peaks)
- stimulates production of testosterone
- stimulates development of corpus luteum
- Stimulates testosterone production in males
Omg, thank you so much! much appreciated!
No problem, all the best!
How many marks can I get by just memorizing you notes? Out of 70?
@@mnmill1185 Thank u, God bless you🙌
@@OceansnMountain.s 57
can you drop a prediction vid miss
Good luck everyone!
Super helpful, thank you!
You're welcome!
Can you make a power point with picture and defination to understand easily .Thanks so much ❤
If you buy my guides from www.swhlearning.co.uk then they're all in easy to understand pdf documents
@@SciencewithHazel Wow great .Ok yes .Thank you so much
could you please make a predicted video
Good luck everybody! Lets smash it!!!😄
Thank you, im sooooooo nervous!!!!!!! GOD!!!!
This was great, thanks!
Hi miss can you please do one for paper 2 physics it's tomorrow
Igcse edexcel?
@@xoxoxie0 cambridge
i have my exam in 1 hour 😭😭
Really helpful thank you
Does the paper 2 also contain double science content?
Yep! You can be examined on anything in Edexcel IGCSE paper 2
can you please do a prediction video miss pleasee, you're videos have acc helped me so much in biology esp the vid on how to answer long answer question like "discuss" or "Comment" i've always struggled on those so thank youu
look at the back of your book in the appendices, all the notes about how to answer the questions and avoid mistakes are writen there
Is this for higher specifically or foundation?
It's for Edexcel IGCSE - there is no foundation tier for that exam board
@@SciencewithHazel oh 😂 I didn’t even know that - whoops😅
Make one for physics
Chemistry too
Please? Ever heard of please? Hazel makes these videos for free (which she doesn't have to do). The least you could do is say please...
she makes last minute tips vids for all sciences approx 2 days before the exam. you'll probably find the physics and chem ones next week
Thank you!
will we get asked corrmms?
Potentially yes
Do we need to know about kidney dialysis?
?!? Doesn't make sense
@@saiyaranusaiba5464 OBVIOUSLY!!!!!! youd better hurry coz time is ticking, g-luck!:)
@MadinaJamali I thought it wasn't In the syllabus
do the cie one
Core aswell
Easy grade 9
Grade boundary went 🆙️
@@advocateakhi3857 bio is act pretty easy compared to chem and physics tho
Really helpful, thanks!