There is one thing about this situation: the more eruptions there are, the more data they are providing, which in turn can be analysed and allow for more accurate predictions and forecasts. Also, the activity is, at this point in time, apparently confining itself to this region of the island. It means that resources required to set up barriers around important infrastructure don't need to be shared out across the island... and if the eruptions continue to be mild in nature, some revenue from tourism can be recouped.
Won't it? Are you certain? Imho it wholly depends on the contents of the magma. So far we were extremely lucky in that the gas content seems to be very low and that the eruptions happened entirely on land and did not touch seawater. This resulted in very benign eruptions, which still claimed at least one life afaik. Should this change, we could be back to very bad scenarios. I remember the scare from more than a decade ago when all flights around iceland were grounded and even the London airports were closed down. Imagine that going on for a year or so, it will be worse than the political response to the big C.
Probably will not, Laki had the (unfortunate) circumstance of the extensional eruptive event occurring along the same lineament where the Grimsvotn's primary magma chamber resided causing the contents of both to basically pour out onto the surface in a highly explosive manner. That saidc as bad as it was Laki was arguably calm compared to the Eldgjá eruption from Katla where the mixing of Katla's siliceous rhyolitic melts with hot ridge component of basalt fueled at least 16 different sub-Plinian to Plinian eruptive pulses within the otherwise dominantly effusive flood of basalt. If that happened it would be very very bad. Though frankly any of the 3 major stratovolcanoes which can produce this kind of flood eruption erupting would based on the historical circumstances and how many people died in Elgija and Laki it seems quite probable all of Iceland might have to be evacuated... by boat since air travel would be a non option due to the prodigious amounts of volcanic ash.
@@Dragrath1 Laki I believe is about the closest thing in historic times to the great flood eruptions of the past like Siberian Traps or Deccan Traps. Although Laki was essentially done in 9 months...the eruptions that created the Siberian and Deccan Traps lasted for thousands of years with individual pulses lasting months to years.
@@TyMoore95503 Its possible we don't exactly have a contemporary example to compare to but as the most intense purely basaltic eruption of historic times it probably is a fairly good proxy even if the scale is a bit too small. Chemically many of the large flood basalt eruptions appear to have a chemistry highly enriched in volatile elements most importantly phosphorus with the best modern analog being the lavas erupted within the area where the Amur plate is separating from Eurasia creating the Korean Peninsula mots notably the primitive lavas of Mt Paektu. These lavas appear to be derived from magmas which formed from mantle saturation in water and other elements derived from a stagnant subducted slab stuck at the Mantle Transition zone as the slab undergoes recrystallization expelling incompatible elements in the process which causes the overlying mantle to become compositionally less dense and start to ascend. It seems almost as if there is a mini Wilson cycle at play between Eurasia and the Amur plate With this broader picture true flood basalt eruptions are probably considerably more explosive as the source melts likely had several times more percent water composition than typical subduction melts (which have around ~10%) The explosiveness of Laki showed us how basaltic eruptions could loft large amounts of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere through towering strombolian eruptive activity but flood basalt eruptions would also be ejecting large amounts of water into the stratosphere more like Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai did which given that water is the most potent naturally occurring greenhouse gas provides an easy explanation for how it could get so hot so fast with the abrupt cold periods dominated by sulfur dioxide likely mixed with the consequences of high water vapor acting as a potent greenhouse gas with the two likely largely raining out as sulfuric acid further contributing to the bad times for life. Oh and continental flood basalts have another quality Laki lacked namely they tend to initiate with a highly Siliceous rhyolitic first wave of eruptive activity as the magma intrudes into the siliceous continental crust so more like the a wave of Yellowstone supervolcano like caldera forming eruptions just with waves of basaltic magma taking over abruptly(would you even get a Caldera with that melt coming up behind the rhyolite?)
I am not a gambler but it seems like the date of an eruption would be something that gamblers would be putting bets on. I wonder if there is a volcano eruption gambling scene.
Have you ever heard of the Mehetia volcano in Tahiti? Could you do a video on it if you have? I can’t seem to find much info on any French Polynesian volcanoes 😂 And I feel like volcanoes that created such a beautiful place should be better known! 😅
Yep. So far we were extremely lucky in that the gas content seems to be very low and that the eruptions happened entirely on land and did not touch seawater. This resulted in very benign eruptions, which still claimed at least one life afaik. Should this change, we could be back to very bad scenarios. I remember the scare from more than a decade ago when all flights around iceland were grounded and even the London airports were closed down. Imagine that going on for a year or so, it will be worse than the political response to the big C.
Love your videos and updates, I would love to see a video on Heard and Mcdonald islands or Antarctic islands and antarctic volcanoes generally such as the lava lake on mt erebus
YEa I didnt think it was jsut going to stop erupting there after half a year. I think its going to keep on doing it maybe for years. They are going to have to move the power plant and let the blue lagoon go and build a new one near a new power plant to use the run off water.
I have a question, Is Kanlaon in the Philippines possible that it will receive lahar from an LPA? There was a yellow rainfall warning next to Mt. kanlaon.
I thought that the Reykjanes peninsula went through its cycles due to build up and release of tectonic strain? Has this theory now been called into question and replaced, or is there some interplay between the tectonic strain and deep magma injection?
ouch!! 52 cubic km! ! ! if everything came out in a single eruption that would not put this hypothetical event in a "pseudo" VEI-6 ("pseudo" because the volcanoes of Iceland are very low explosive) just by its volume?? side note: if the VEI index remains necessary; It might be time for volcanologists to institute another index allowing an eruption to be classified simply by the volume emitted in a given time without necessarily being a question of explosiveness. this will allow us to put events like the traps of the Deccan or Siberia into perspective.
There is no reason for all that magma to erupt at once for several reasons. One, the geology prevents massive amount of lava erupting because the lava erupts from relatively narrow fissures. Two, there is no record that I know about of such a large amount of magma erupting at one time. Third, this is low silicic magma so it is not explosive like some stratovolcanoes can be.
There are stories in my area that there is underground and undocumented connections between the different NY Finger Lakes. I'd really like some information either disproving this or that it is possible.
@@whiskeymonk4085 they have a network of them that show movement east/west north/south and up and down - and they record the data every 30 mins or so - that's where you get the graphs when he was talking about how many centimeters the earth has moved upwards. This is how they watch for maga movement at most monitored volcanoes - when molten rock moves the earth rises.
It’s the ground movement that is measured by the gps sensors, as the chamber fills the ground rises above it, which moves the gps sensor on the surface
What da flip? Is this some kind of joke? Just this morning I had a thought experiment of what might happen if 50 cubic kilometers of magma rose up under the Reykjanes Peninsula, and erupted at the surface.
I wonder if the switching of the magnetic poles will have an effect on other aspects of geology. I am constantly amazed how much science knows about things happening out of sight. It boggles the mind so much is able to be calculated. But then I think about there are still 'Flat Earthers' denying reality, and I just sigh and shake my head.
@@catcando1131 How about you do you and I'll do me. Sponsors are GARBAGE. Period. Every one floods a bunch of channels for a few weeks, then vanishes when the next garbage scam comes along. RUclips is SUPPOSED to be content made by people because they LOVE it and want to share. Greed has turned it into a cesspool of garbage ads, garbage sponsors, and simps who think thats just fine. Don't hate me for objecting to GARBAGE.
Please get out of Iceland. This will not stop any time soon. The eruptions will get stronger and bigger until it will take out the airport and no one will be able to leave. I saw this as a vision last year and it keeps getting worse. Please leave. 🙏
If you're ballsy enough to tell people living close to the magma there is no danger out your money where your mouth is and move there. If not you're platitudes are unnecessary and degrade your integrity.
Nobody lives close to this part of the Reykanes Peninsula where eruptions are occuring though there is the power plant and Blue Lagoon close by. I'm not sure what you are going on about in that comment.
@@michaeldeierhoi4096 grindavik is a town of around 3000 that's about 20 km away from the tip of the peninsula. If we include the other small towns as well as people living outside of town there's about 10,000 in the industry vicinity. So what is this "nobody lives close" that you speak of?
@@devonjardine9603 Nobody lives in Grindavik. There are a few dozen workers who return during the day to work when the eruptions are not seen as a threat to the workers. They work especially in the fishing industry which was why the town was created in the first place. Most of the owners agreed to buy out of their homes because they didn't think they could ever feel safe there again. That was decided months ago so your comment misses the point.
@@michaeldeierhoi4096 no, I think you missed the mark. There is a place in America called tornado Alley. People regularly lose the roofs off their house and/or lives. I grew up in Vancouver. Not only did we worry about "the big one" earthquake we had and still have some of the most violent gangs in the country and North America. Its just prettied up in nice houses only drug lords can afford. There is danger everywhere. The people of Grindavik didn't have to worry about the Hell's Angels, Red Scorpions, United Nations, among others. Or fentanyl. Literally 10 km from my house the underground had been on fire since last year. The roots of a year old fire still burn and pop up regularly. If they've evacuated the town than the damage is done. Their lives are already destroyed. And I hope they know Canada is full. No more immigrants. We won't compromise what we have to "save" the people that destroyed and fled their own homes because they failed to plan for disaster scenario.
Seriously? (a) this is a science channel and (b) why should non-christians, many from *much* older religions, be forced to use the terminology of a relative upstart?
BCE for Before Current Era and CE for Current Era are preferred by people like this guy and in most scientific literature as they are religiously neutral terms. This is what people who want to respect the fact that Most Of The World is not christian or catholic do when they know they have viewers (or readers) from around the world.
There is one thing about this situation: the more eruptions there are, the more data they are providing, which in turn can be analysed and allow for more accurate predictions and forecasts. Also, the activity is, at this point in time, apparently confining itself to this region of the island. It means that resources required to set up barriers around important infrastructure don't need to be shared out across the island... and if the eruptions continue to be mild in nature, some revenue from tourism can be recouped.
There are more dangerous volcanoes showing signs of unrest in Iceland & lava barriers won't work with these volcanoes.
@@jjMcCartan9686……are you thinking Katla, & Hekla?
All that data still leads to the inevitable. We still have no clue when or where the fissures will erupt.😂
@@elizabethroberts6215 Hekla is so damn unpredictable i doubt it, also haven't seen a lot about Katla, more likely he means Grimsvotn and Askja.
Probably not even close to the largest magma chamber under Iceland. The whole island is basically a Large Igneous Province in progress.
It's not. LIPs have far more voluminous individual eruptions. At most, Iceland is a scale model of a LIP.
Thanks for all the hard work on these videos!
YES!
Appreciate this a bunch, Timothy. Thank you
That is a LOT of magma. Thanks for this video update.
Thanks for the update!
When I first saw 52 km^3...I immediately went to Laki Eruption of 1783...I'm glad it won't be that crazy!
Won't it? Are you certain?
Imho it wholly depends on the contents of the magma. So far we were extremely lucky in that the gas content seems to be very low and that the eruptions happened entirely on land and did not touch seawater. This resulted in very benign eruptions, which still claimed at least one life afaik.
Should this change, we could be back to very bad scenarios. I remember the scare from more than a decade ago when all flights around iceland were grounded and even the London airports were closed down. Imagine that going on for a year or so, it will be worse than the political response to the big C.
Probably will not, Laki had the (unfortunate) circumstance of the extensional eruptive event occurring along the same lineament where the Grimsvotn's primary magma chamber resided causing the contents of both to basically pour out onto the surface in a highly explosive manner.
That saidc as bad as it was Laki was arguably calm compared to the Eldgjá eruption from Katla where the mixing of Katla's siliceous rhyolitic melts with hot ridge component of basalt fueled at least 16 different sub-Plinian to Plinian eruptive pulses within the otherwise dominantly effusive flood of basalt. If that happened it would be very very bad. Though frankly any of the 3 major stratovolcanoes which can produce this kind of flood eruption erupting would based on the historical circumstances and how many people died in Elgija and Laki it seems quite probable all of Iceland might have to be evacuated... by boat since air travel would be a non option due to the prodigious amounts of volcanic ash.
@@Dragrath1 Laki I believe is about the closest thing in historic times to the great flood eruptions of the past like Siberian Traps or Deccan Traps. Although Laki was essentially done in 9 months...the eruptions that created the Siberian and Deccan Traps lasted for thousands of years with individual pulses lasting months to years.
@@TyMoore95503 Its possible we don't exactly have a contemporary example to compare to but as the most intense purely basaltic eruption of historic times it probably is a fairly good proxy even if the scale is a bit too small.
Chemically many of the large flood basalt eruptions appear to have a chemistry highly enriched in volatile elements most importantly phosphorus with the best modern analog being the lavas erupted within the area where the Amur plate is separating from Eurasia creating the Korean Peninsula mots notably the primitive lavas of Mt Paektu. These lavas appear to be derived from magmas which formed from mantle saturation in water and other elements derived from a stagnant subducted slab stuck at the Mantle Transition zone as the slab undergoes recrystallization expelling incompatible elements in the process which causes the overlying mantle to become compositionally less dense and start to ascend. It seems almost as if there is a mini Wilson cycle at play between Eurasia and the Amur plate
With this broader picture true flood basalt eruptions are probably considerably more explosive as the source melts likely had several times more percent water composition than typical subduction melts (which have around ~10%)
The explosiveness of Laki showed us how basaltic eruptions could loft large amounts of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere through towering strombolian eruptive activity but flood basalt eruptions would also be ejecting large amounts of water into the stratosphere more like Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai did which given that water is the most potent naturally occurring greenhouse gas provides an easy explanation for how it could get so hot so fast with the abrupt cold periods dominated by sulfur dioxide likely mixed with the consequences of high water vapor acting as a potent greenhouse gas with the two likely largely raining out as sulfuric acid further contributing to the bad times for life.
Oh and continental flood basalts have another quality Laki lacked namely they tend to initiate with a highly Siliceous rhyolitic first wave of eruptive activity as the magma intrudes into the siliceous continental crust so more like the a wave of Yellowstone supervolcano like caldera forming eruptions just with waves of basaltic magma taking over abruptly(would you even get a Caldera with that melt coming up behind the rhyolite?)
Outstanding and easily explained content. Graphs are amazing. 👍👍👍👍👍👍
Thank you for the update!! I greatly appreciate that informative video.
Thanks for the update! ❤
Thanks for sharing your very informative video. 😊
Thank you 🙏
Thank you sir❤🎉
I'll be there in 3 weeks. Takk!
Awesome! Enjoy your time there. I love Iceland.
I am not a gambler but it seems like the date of an eruption would be something that gamblers would be putting bets on. I wonder if there is a volcano eruption gambling scene.
Please do a video on Alban hills
Have you ever heard of the Mehetia volcano in Tahiti? Could you do a video on it if you have? I can’t seem to find much info on any French Polynesian volcanoes 😂 And I feel like volcanoes that created such a beautiful place should be better known! 😅
Whoo hooo. This has been an amazing year for Iceland. So lucky.
Yep. So far we were extremely lucky in that the gas content seems to be very low and that the eruptions happened entirely on land and did not touch seawater. This resulted in very benign eruptions, which still claimed at least one life afaik.
Should this change, we could be back to very bad scenarios. I remember the scare from more than a decade ago when all flights around iceland were grounded and even the London airports were closed down. Imagine that going on for a year or so, it will be worse than the political response to the big C.
Thanks as always! I wonder how the magma body will change in the following years, decades, and centuries.
Love your videos and updates, I would love to see a video on Heard and Mcdonald islands or Antarctic islands and antarctic volcanoes generally such as the lava lake on mt erebus
YEa I didnt think it was jsut going to stop erupting there after half a year. I think its going to keep on doing it maybe for years. They are going to have to move the power plant and let the blue lagoon go and build a new one near a new power plant to use the run off water.
I have a question, Is Kanlaon in the Philippines possible that it will receive lahar from an LPA? There was a yellow rainfall warning next to Mt. kanlaon.
How is the magma chamber depth determined?
Scary...
Here we go again.
I thought that the Reykjanes peninsula went through its cycles due to build up and release of tectonic strain? Has this theory now been called into question and replaced, or is there some interplay between the tectonic strain and deep magma injection?
ouch!! 52 cubic km! ! !
if everything came out in a single eruption that would not put this hypothetical event in a "pseudo" VEI-6 ("pseudo" because the volcanoes of Iceland are very low explosive) just by its volume??
side note: if the VEI index remains necessary; It might be time for volcanologists to institute another index allowing an eruption to be classified simply by the volume emitted in a given time without necessarily being a question of explosiveness.
this will allow us to put events like the traps of the Deccan or Siberia into perspective.
There is no reason for all that magma to erupt at once for several reasons. One, the geology prevents massive amount of lava erupting because the lava erupts from relatively narrow fissures. Two, there is no record that I know about of such a large amount of magma erupting at one time. Third, this is low silicic magma so it is not explosive like some stratovolcanoes can be.
There are stories in my area that there is underground and undocumented connections between the different NY Finger Lakes. I'd really like some information either disproving this or that it is possible.
How is "uplift" measured and monitored?
GPS data
@@poppawolf26 my GPS can tell me about magma deep in the crust?
@@whiskeymonk4085 *your* GPS is probably not precise enough to do this, but, sufficiently high quality ones can.
@@whiskeymonk4085 they have a network of them that show movement east/west north/south and up and down - and they record the data every 30 mins or so - that's where you get the graphs when he was talking about how many centimeters the earth has moved upwards. This is how they watch for maga movement at most monitored volcanoes - when molten rock moves the earth rises.
It’s the ground movement that is measured by the gps sensors, as the chamber fills the ground rises above it, which moves the gps sensor on the surface
How many cubic meters is a cubic kilometer?
a lot.
1000 x 1000 x 1000 cubic meters
About 1 billion cubic meters.
@@sigisoltau6073Precisely one billion.
thats.. a lot of magma..
Can we expect a colder winters ahead in north hemispy if the eruptions continue or increase.
My thinking to...2012 we had a bad one in the uk.. a massive eruption had happened not long before in Iceland
Katla just went to yellow
❤
What da flip? Is this some kind of joke? Just this morning I had a thought experiment of what might happen if 50 cubic kilometers of magma rose up under the Reykjanes Peninsula, and erupted at the surface.
I wonder if the switching of the magnetic poles will have an effect on other aspects of geology.
I am constantly amazed how much science knows about things happening out of sight. It boggles the mind so much is able to be calculated. But then I think about there are still 'Flat Earthers' denying reality, and I just sigh and shake my head.
It never has before so that'd be weird.
Much better without the sponsor garbage!
How about congratulations instead? Not only is it awesome he is getting sponsored, at least his sponsors are usually related to the channel content.
@@catcando1131 How about you do you and I'll do me. Sponsors are GARBAGE. Period. Every one floods a bunch of channels for a few weeks, then vanishes when the next garbage scam comes along. RUclips is SUPPOSED to be content made by people because they LOVE it and want to share. Greed has turned it into a cesspool of garbage ads, garbage sponsors, and simps who think thats just fine. Don't hate me for objecting to GARBAGE.
Don’t see you contributing any funds. 🤡
@@antoniobranderas Of course you don't. You don't see me doing anything. I like Patreon and merch and I support several creators. Got anything else?
@@ManiacRacing We see you making a clown of yourself.
Please get out of Iceland. This will not stop any time soon. The eruptions will get stronger and bigger until it will take out the airport and no one will be able to leave. I saw this as a vision last year and it keeps getting worse. Please leave. 🙏
If you're ballsy enough to tell people living close to the magma there is no danger out your money where your mouth is and move there. If not you're platitudes are unnecessary and degrade your integrity.
Nobody lives close to this part of the Reykanes Peninsula where eruptions are occuring though there is the power plant and Blue Lagoon close by. I'm not sure what you are going on about in that comment.
@@michaeldeierhoi4096 grindavik is a town of around 3000 that's about 20 km away from the tip of the peninsula. If we include the other small towns as well as people living outside of town there's about 10,000 in the industry vicinity. So what is this "nobody lives close" that you speak of?
@@devonjardine9603 Nobody lives in Grindavik. There are a few dozen workers who return during the day to work when the eruptions are not seen as a threat to the workers. They work especially in the fishing industry which was why the town was created in the first place.
Most of the owners agreed to buy out of their homes because they didn't think they could ever feel safe there again. That was decided months ago so your comment misses the point.
@@michaeldeierhoi4096 no, I think you missed the mark. There is a place in America called tornado Alley. People regularly lose the roofs off their house and/or lives. I grew up in Vancouver. Not only did we worry about "the big one" earthquake we had and still have some of the most violent gangs in the country and North America. Its just prettied up in nice houses only drug lords can afford. There is danger everywhere. The people of Grindavik didn't have to worry about the Hell's Angels, Red Scorpions, United Nations, among others. Or fentanyl. Literally 10 km from my house the underground had been on fire since last year. The roots of a year old fire still burn and pop up regularly. If they've evacuated the town than the damage is done. Their lives are already destroyed. And I hope they know Canada is full. No more immigrants. We won't compromise what we have to "save" the people that destroyed and fled their own homes because they failed to plan for disaster scenario.
The proper term for time is BC (Befor Christ) and AC (After Christ) and we are in this time marker until Christs returns again.
Seriously? (a) this is a science channel and (b) why should non-christians, many from *much* older religions, be forced to use the terminology of a relative upstart?
BCE for Before Current Era and CE for Current Era are preferred by people like this guy and in most scientific literature as they are religiously neutral terms. This is what people who want to respect the fact that Most Of The World is not christian or catholic do when they know they have viewers (or readers) from around the world.
@@Lessinath Not just religiously neutral, but culturally neutral in general.
Your desire for religious hegemony is noted.
@@TheDanEdwards Fair point on it being culturally neutral in general.