transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES): A difference to be a difference must make a difference

Marom Bikson lecture at National Center of Neuromodulation for Rehabilitation (Medical University of South Carolina), June 1 2022.
The lecture covers the development of transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) technology, especially transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and High-Definition (HD) electrodes. A focus is on how does computational model technology (electric field prediction) inform the design of devices and trials? When and how does a 'technology difference' make a difference in practice? Lecture follows the development of computational models, from spherical heads to MRI derived, to next generation.
References can be found here www.neuralengr...