Building a 20A Bench Type DC Power Supply | Step-by-Step DIY Tutorial |Technology with Concept
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- Опубликовано: 17 апр 2024
- Welcome to "Technology with Concept"! Today, we're diving into the world of electronics with an exciting project: building a 20A Bench Type DC Power Supply | Step-by-Step DIY Tutorial. If you're in need of powering devices requiring 2V, 5V, 12V, 18V, or 24V, this project is for you! Join us as we guide you through each step of the assembly process, from reviewing the components needed to understand the working principle of the circuit. Learn how to connect components like the LM317 adjustable voltage regulator, transistors, potentiometers, and more to create a versatile power supply. We'll also discuss power source options and demonstrate testing procedures to ensure optimal performance. Plus, we'll emphasize the importance of safety measures like fuse protection. Whether you're a beginner or an electronics enthusiast, this tutorial has something for everyone. Don't forget to like, comment, and subscribe for more exciting projects.
Note: This supply can deliver up to 20A when the input and output voltage difference is 10V or less. Maximum power dissipation is 200W.
Building a 20A Bench Type DC Power Supply | Step-by-Step DIY Tutorial | Technology with Concept
Components Used:
LM317 adjustable voltage regulator IC
NPN transistors (either BD135, or BD137, or BD139)
NPN power transistor (MJ11016 or alternative like TIP3055)
Potentiometers for voltage and current adjustment
Input and output filter capacitors
Diodes for short-circuit protection
25A fuse for overall circuit protection.
Procedure:
Review the components needed for the DC power supply.
Connect the components as per the schematic.
Choose a suitable power source and ensure proper input voltage.
Understand the working principle of the circuit.
Test the power supply with various loads to ensure functionality.
Check the operating parameters of key components.
Implement safety measures, including short-circuit protection.
Fine-tune voltage and current adjustments as needed.
Applications:
Powering electronic devices requiring 2V, 5V, 12V, 18V, or 24V.
Experimentation and prototyping in electronics projects.
Educational purposes for learning about voltage regulation and circuit design.
Testing and troubleshooting electronic circuits.
DIY electronics enthusiasts looking to expand their skills and knowledge.
🎓 Prerequisites:
A basic understanding of electronics concepts will be helpful, but we'll guide you through the process, making it accessible for beginners as well.
👍 Connect with Us:
If you have any questions or need assistance during the project, feel free to leave a comment below. We love engaging with our community and helping fellow enthusiasts!
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Building a 20A Bench Type DC Power Supply | Step-by-Step DIY Tutorial | Technology with Concept
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Congratulations! Your project is interesting.
Thank you so much! I'm thrilled to hear that you find the project interesting.
Creative video, thanks :)
You're welcome! Glad you enjoyed it.
If your load requires high current with low voltage your Q1 transistor will get seriously hot.
You're absolutely right. Ensuring proper heat dissipation for Q1 is crucial in such scenarios. Implementing effective cooling mechanisms or selecting a transistor with higher power handling capabilities can help mitigate overheating issues.
This supply can deliver up to 20A when the input and output voltage difference is 10V or less. Maximum power dissipation is 200W.
Unfortunately, with this circuit you lose all the protective features of the LM317 - short circuit, overtemperature, current limitation, ... but that would be ok. In any case, the capacitors and diodes (0:55) installed in this circuit do not provide short-circuit protection. D3, for example, is a freewheeling diode for inductive loads (and practically pointless here). The MJ11016 (or 11014 or 11012) is certified up to 200 watts. With 5V / 10A output that would be 250 watts of power loss with 30V input. The size of the heat sink (8:44) becomes irrelevant here because the transistor can no longer dissipate the heat quickly enough. But this is a general problem with linear regulators, which is why such power supplies in this performance class are rare and expensive.
Your simulation always shows identical values for amps and volts. This is because you set the load at 1 ohm - Ohm's law. What is a 12V 12A bulb (5:36)? Isn't that where volts and watts are stated?
Installing a fuse (10:47) is important and good, but it will not protect the transistor Q1 in this circuit, only the power source and wires.
Thank you for your detailed feedback and insights into the limitations and potential issues with the circuit design. You've raised valid points regarding the lack of protective features and the potential for power loss and overheating, especially with higher input voltages and currents. I appreciate your suggestions for improvements, such as considering the use of fuses for protecting the power transistor. Regarding the simulation and load values, you're correct that using a 1 ohm load simplifies calculations based on Ohm's law. I'll ensure to provide more realistic load scenarios in future demonstrations.
Thank you for taking the time to share your insights.
Some time ago, I created a simple linear regulator using the LM7805 IC. When subjected to a heavy load at the output transistor, the LM7805 ceased providing current to the base of the transistor. This occurred because the large current demanded by the load surpassed the capability of the LM7805 to supply it to the transistor base. Regarding the MJ11016's power dissipation of 200W, I've included a note stating that it will deliver 20A only when the voltage difference is 10V or less. Typically, linear regulators are utilized for voltage differences of up to 10V. Special applications might include scenarios like stepping down from a 20V solar PV to a 12V load or from a 12V battery to a 5V load. I've previously uploaded videos on linear regulators, demonstrating that as the input-output difference increases, efficiency significantly decreases, sometimes to as low as 20 or 30%. For input source protection, I've installed a 25A fuse, particularly beneficial when using a car battery. As for a fuse on the output, I've left it to the viewers' discretion, depending on the specific input-output voltage difference and load requirements.
@@technologywithconcept Hello, the specifications of the Darlington transistor are in the datasheet. A MOSFET might be an alternative. It is normal that the efficiency of a linear regulator falls as the voltage difference increases, because all unneeded energy is converted into heat. The efficiency can only be improved by adjusting the input voltage (transformer with two or more output voltages) or with a switching regulator.
@@wernerpeter9706 Considering MOSFETs as an alternative is a valid point, given their different characteristics. Regarding the efficiency of linear regulators, you're absolutely right. The conversion of excess energy into heat can indeed affect efficiency, especially with larger voltage differences. Your suggestions for improving efficiency, such as adjusting input voltage or using switching regulators, are insightful and practical. Thanks for sharing!