What are Carbohydrates? What are its different Types?
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- Опубликовано: 4 июл 2024
- Carbohydrates and their Types
We encounter many kinds of carbohydrates in our daily lives from bread to starch in our clothes and even rice. Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of elements like carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The hydrogen and oxygen atoms are present in the same ratio, that is, 2:1.
Carbohydrates mainly come from plants and are a good source of energy for the body. There are three main types of carbohydrates; these are monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The monosaccharides have a simple chemical composition and therefore known as simple sugars. Examples of them are glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Disaccharides are also known as complex sugars as they have complex chemical compositions and maltose, lactose, and sucrose are their examples. Polysaccharides are the most chemically complex carbohydrates and examples include starch and cellulose.
The sugar glucose is one of the simplest forms of sugar and has the chemical formula C6H12O6. The generalized formula for carbohydrates is CnH2mOm. In the case of glucose, n=6, and m is also equal to six. But in sucrose, n=12 and m=11, and hence its formula is C12H22O11. There are other substances that are slightly modified carbohydrates, such as the chitin of the arthropod skeleton.
There are many functions of carbohydrates, such as they are a source of energy, they form supporting structures, for example, cellulose cell walls in plants. They are also used to make other organic compounds like amino acids and fats. Nucleic acids like DNA are also formed by carbohydrates as well as lubricants like mucus can also be synthesized. Another fascinating function of carbohydrates is that they are also used to produce the nectar in some flowers.
Types of Sugars
Sugars are sweet crystal-like compounds that dissolve easily in water. Two types of sugars can be distinguished;
Monosaccharides
The most common monosaccharides have six carbon atoms, with the general formula C2H12O6. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are monosaccharides that differ only in details of the arrangement of the various atoms within the molecule which give them different chemical and biological properties.
Glucose also known as grape sugar is found, at least in small quantities, in all animals. Fructose is commonly present in plants, but absent in animals. Galactose is a component of lactose and is formed when this is digested.
Disaccharides
Disaccharides are complex in structure because each molecule is made up of two molecules of simple sugars condensed together. The most common types of disaccharides - sucrose, lactose, and maltose - have 12 carbon atoms, with the general formula C12H12O11. The difference in the disaccharides is again due to the different atomic arrangements within the molecule.
Sucrose, also known as cane sugar, occurs in sugarcane stems, sweet fruits, and certain storage roots, for example, carrots. It consists of a glucose and a fructose molecule combined together. It is not found in mammals.
Lactose, also known as milk sugar is commonly found in the milk, as the name suggests. It is found in milk of all mammals, including humans, and even in some similar fluids such as pigeon’s ‘milk’. It is formed from glucose and galactose combined together.
Maltose also known as malt sugar is present in malted cereals and sprouting grains. It is formed from the partial digestion of starch and is a combination of two glucose molecules.
As mentioned before, the formation of one molecule of disaccharide requires two molecules of simple sugars. Each of these reactions results in a loss of a water molecule and such a reaction is known as a Condensation Reaction. Condensation is a chemical reaction whereby two simple molecules are joined together to form a larger molecule with the removal of one molecule of water.
On the other hand, when a disaccharide is heated with acids or treated it with a suitable enzyme, it breaks down to form monosaccharides. In this reaction, water is added and thus this reaction is called hydrolysis. A reaction whereby a water molecule is added on to split up a complex molecule into its component units is known as hydrolysis or a hydrolytic reaction.
A sucrose solution, a disaccharide, can be hydrolyzed to form glucose and fructose, two monosaccharides. Similarly, we can hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose, using the enzyme lactase, and maltose can be hydrolyzed glucose using the enzyme maltase.
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Timestamp:
00:00 Carbohydrates and Their Functions
00:55 Three types of carbohydrates
01:01 Monosaccharides
01:28 Disaccharides
02:45 Condensation reaction
02:57 Hydrolytic reaction
03:12 Polysaccharides
Amazingly explained with cool animations..!
Its underrated channel.
Never learnt more in 3 mins
Damn that’s too good 👍
Simple & straightforward !! Brilliantly done !! TQ !! 😁👍🏻👍🏻
good explanation, easy to understand
Great explain for student 😮😮❤❤❤❤❤luff u sir
Animations are as good as kurzgersagt. super underrated !
Thanks so much. very great video
Human populations have tended to increase over time. As more people were born, small groups of individuals found reasons to come together to form groups and, with the advent of agriculture, small sedentary communities. A small number of these settlements grew into what we now call cities. This kind of growth often corresponds with a shift from one way of organizing labor to another.
Great 👍 video
thank you so much, It was helpful for my upcoming test
Excellent
Amazing
So interesting 🧐
Thank you, well explained 😊
Superb
Thank you so much🙂!
Understandable
Which Software do you use for making video like these?
Thank you sir..
It's very good
Great video! One mistake: the video mentions, that "The hydrogen and oxygen atoms are present in the same ratio, that is, 2:1", but during this part, 4 oxygen and 2 carbon atoms are shown, not oxygen and hydrogen, and not in the correct ratio.
you forgot your could simplify 4:2 to 2:1
@@gfxfdg5728 yeah
Ohh nice
Great mistake noted
Are you restarted?
The fact you used butterfree in your video made me automatically subscribe to you!
The animator drew a butterfree in the flowers :D
Yeah!! I thought I was the only one who noticed it. I immediately look at the comment section to check haahaha.
@@alrafiemonara8064 shut up
Alhamdulillah.... Jazakallah....HELPFUL FOR ME 💙
Astaga, Muslim?
@@ArjayPlang-ng7vj Yes
Thanks helped me so much damn
Nice
Thanku
Alhamdulillah..... Jazakallah...... Very much helpful for me in the finals.
You should do protein--a far more important macronutrient.
May I use the video for my video presentation?
❤️
Oooh I never knew
0:42 I know a pokemon when I see one!!
ب اختصار يعني الكربوهيدرات عبارة cho وبنقسمو ل 4 انواع وحسب شكل بضيفه ل نوع وبعدها حكا مصدرة اسمه ومجموعته يعد ونشا وسيليلوز وكيتين سكر
It is the function of carbohydrates
You owe me a Coke if you paused this and googled "pigeon milk" and/or "stomach vs. crop"
🤦🏾♀️🤦🏾♀️🤦🏾♀️💁🏾♀️🤣🥤
fully ncert based
:43
A wild Butterfree appeared!
huh! never knew that pigeons can produce milk
Please make a vedio in hindi
12 AM
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Too much information to process in 3 mins😨
Urdu m b bto sir
Red
Green
Yellow
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Brown
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Orange
Pink
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Golden
at 0:54 u had mis take there is carbon
A
Waaaaaaw🫡
I pass on my computer exam
how is this even understandable?
If u have a brain u will understand