Did you know?… What are the 7 Ecumenical Councils?

Did you know?…What are the 7 Ecumenical Councils?
The Orthodox Church acknowledges Seven Holy Ecumenical Councils:
~The First Ecumenical Council
The First Ecumenical Council (Nicea) was convened in the year 325 A.D., against the heresy of Arius (Arianism), who rejected the Divine nature and pre-eternal birth of the second person of the Holy Trinity, namely the Divine Son of God the Father, and taught that the Son of God is only the highest creation.
Under St. Constantine the Great, Equal of the Apostles, there were 318 bishops who participated in this Council, among whom were; St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, St. James, bishop of Nisibis, St. Spiridon of Tremithus, and St. Athanasios the Great, who was at that time a deacon.
At this Council, they condemned and repudiated the heresy of Arius (Arianism) and affirmed the immutable truth, the dogma that the Son of God is true God, born of God the Father before all ages, and is eternal, as is God the Father; He was begotten, and not made, and is of one essence with God the Father. In order that all Orthodox Christians may know exactly the true teaching of the faith, it was clearly and concisely summarized in the first of seven sections of the Creed, or Symbol of Faith:
The Nicene Creed itself is divided into twelve parts, seven of which were formulated at the First Ecumenical Council, the other five at the Second:
1) I believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible.
2) And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the Only-begotten, begotten of the Father before all ages. Light of Light; True God of True God; begotten, not made; of one essence with the Father, by Whom all things were made;
3) Who for us men and for our salvation came down from heaven, and was incarnate of the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary, and became man.
4) And He was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate, and suffered, and was buried.
5) And the third day He rose again, according to the Scriptures;
6) And ascended into heaven, and sits at the right hand of the Father;
7) And He shall come again with glory to judge the living and the dead; Whose Kingdom shall have no end.
~The Second Ecumenical Council
The Second Ecumenical Council was convened in the year 381 A.D. in the city of Constantinople, under the Emperor Theodosios the Great, against the heresy of Macedonias.
This Council was convoked against the false teaching of the Arian bishop of Constantinople, Macedonius, who rejected the deity of the third Person of the Holy Trinity, the Holy Spirit. He taught that the Holy Spirit is not God, and called Him a creature, or a created power, and therefore subservient to God the Father and God the Son, like an angel.
There were 150 bishops present at the Council, among whom were St. Gregory the Theologian, who presided over the Council, St. Gregory of Nyssa, St. Meletios of Antioch, St. Amphilochius of Iconium and St. Cyril of Jerusalem.
At the Council, the Macedonian heresy was condemned and repudiated. The Council affirmed as a dogma the equality and the single essence of God the Holy Spirit with God the Father and God the Son.
*The second part of the Nicene Creed:
8) And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the Giver of Life, Who proceeds from the Father; Who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified; Who spoke by the prophets.
9) In One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church.
10) I confess one Baptism for the remission of sins.
11) I look for the resurrection of the dead;
12) And the life of the age to come. Amen.
~The Third Ecumenical Council
The Third Ecumenical Council was convened in the year 431 A.D., in Ephesus, against the heresy of Nestorius, in the city of Ephesus by the Emperor Theodosios the Younger.
The Council was called because of the false doctrine of Nestorius, Archbishop of Constantinople, who profanely taught that the Most-holy Virgin Mary simply gave birth to the man Christ, with whom then God united morally and dwelled in Him, as in a temple, as previously He had dwelled in Moses and other prophets. Therefore, Nestorius called the Lord Jesus Christ, God-bearing, and not God incarnate; and the Holy Virgin was called the Christ-bearer (Christotokos) and not the God-bearer (Theotokos).
The 200 bishops present at the Council condemned and repudiated the heresy of Nestorius and decreed that one should recognize that united in Jesus Christ at the time of the incarnation were two natures, divine and human, and that one should confess Jesus Christ as true God and true Man, and the Holy Virgin Mary as the God-bearer (Theotokos).
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