Prokaryotic Transcription I Complete Process of Transcription in Prokaryotes I Molecular Biology

Complete Process of Transcription in Prokaryotes
Formation of RNA from DNA
Converting DNA into RNA
Steps of Transcription in Prokaryotes
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Promotor sequences
RNA Polymerase
Rho Dependent Transcription
Rho Independent Transcription
Steps of transcription in prokaryotes:
Initiation
The RNA polymerase holoenzyme, which consists of the core enzyme and the sigma (σ) factor, binds to a promoter sequence on the DNA.
The sigma factor leaves the RNA polymerase, and the core enzyme then unwinds the DNA to form a transcription bubble.
The core enzyme begins to synthesize RNA, using the 3'-OH end of the RNA primer as a template.
Elongation
The core enzyme continues to synthesize RNA, adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing RNA transcript.
The DNA is unwound ahead of the RNA polymerase and rewound behind it.
The RNA polymerase moves along the DNA at a rate of about 40 nucleotides per second.
Termination
Transcription terminates when the RNA polymerase reaches a termination sequence on the DNA.
The RNA polymerase dissociates from the DNA, and the RNA transcript is released.
Promotor sequences
A promoter sequence is a region of DNA that is recognized by the RNA polymerase and that initiates transcription. Promoter sequences typically contain two consensus sequences, the Pribnow box and the -10 sequence.
RNA Polymerase
RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA. In prokaryotes, there is a single RNA polymerase that is responsible for transcribing all of the genes in the cell.
Rho Dependent Transcription
Rho dependent transcription is a mechanism of termination that is dependent on the Rho protein. The Rho protein binds to the RNA transcript and unwinds the transcription bubble, causing the RNA polymerase to dissociate from the DNA.
Rho Independent Transcription
Rho independent transcription is a mechanism of termination that does not require the Rho protein. In this type of termination, the RNA polymerase reaches a termination sequence on the DNA that causes it to dissociate from the DNA.
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