Linux - File and Folder Permission Introduction

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Linux Permissions are much more simple than what is provided in Windows Active Directory. You have 3 permission types that you can apply to 3 groups. The permissions are Read, Write and Execute which can be applied to the file/folder Owner, the Group Owner and Everyone.
Permission Grouping
Permissions are applied by Owner/ Group Owner/ Everyone
To view permissions and owners use ls -l command in a folder.
Permissions
Execute - Allows script execution
Read - Allows the ability to read
Write - Allows to modify, rename and even delete
Permission Numbers
Execute = 1
Write = 2
Read = 4
Simply add numbers together to get cumulative permissions.
0 = - - -
1 = - - x
2 = - w -
3 = - w x
4 = r - -
5 = r - x
6 = r w -
7 = r w x
Examples
777 = Owner, Members of Group Owner, Everyone have Full Control
764 = Owner has Full Control, Group has Read and Write, Everyone has Read
740 = Owner has Full Control, Group can Read, Everyone can do nothing.